B.E.
T POLYTECHNIC
Bharthinagara (K.M Doddi), Manday-571422
Department of Collegiate and Technical Education
[Recognized by the Govt of Karnataka approved by AICTE, New Delhi]
MINI PROJECT REPORT
ON
LEAVING ROOM(IOT) in Cisco packet tracer
SUBMITTED BY
BHYREGOWDA A.P (410CS23009) PREETHAM.V (410CS23038)
NITHIN.B. K (410CS23034) NAGESHKUMAR.H. R (410CS23032)
SANJAN GOWDA.P (410CS23043) PRAJWA L GOWDA T.R (410CS23036)
Under the Guidance of
Mrs. JAYALAKSHMI Y. T BE., M. tech.,
Lecturer
Computer Science & Engg
B.E.T POLYTECHNIC
Bharthinagara (K.M Doddi), Manday-57142
Department of Collegiate and Technical Education
[Recognized by the Govt of Karnataka approved by AICTE,
New Delhi]
Department of Computer Science & Engg
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the activity entitled “Leaving room of (IOT) in Cisco packet tracer” is a
bonafide work carried out by Mr. Bhyregowda A.P bearing REG NO:410CS23009, a
student of B.E.T.Polytechnic in partial fulfilment for the award of Diploma in Computer
science & Engineering of the B.E.T.Polytechnic during the year 2024-25 It is certified that
all corrections/suggestions indicated for Activity Points have been executed under the
directions of Mrs. JAYALAKSHMI Y.T The project report has been approved as it satisfies
the academic requirements in respect of AICTE Activity Points prescribed for the said
Diploma
Mr.B. Mahadeva
JAYALAKSHMI Y.T Head of the Department
Dept. Computer science &Engineering Dept. Computer science &Engineering
B.E.T POLYTECHNIC B.E.T POLYTECHNIC
Bharthinagara, Maddur-571422 Bharthinagara, Maddur-571422
Principal
B.E.T POLYTECHNIC
Bharthinagara, Maddur-571422
DECLARATION
I, Mr. Bhyregowda.A.P bearing the USN 410CS23009 student of 3rd semester
Diploma Department of Computer science & Engineering, B.E.T.Polytechnic
Bharthinagara declare that the AICTE Activity Project work entitled “Prepare
and Implement Plan to Improve Education Quality in Government
School”, has been duly executed by me under the guidance of LGS Social
Innovation and Research Centre (An unit of LGS Trust) JAYALAKSHMI Y.T
Dept Computer science &Engineering B.E.T POLYTECHNI Bharthinagara,
The Project report of the same is submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirement for the award Diploma in Department of Computer science &
Engineering by B.E.T.Polytechnic Bharthinagara during the year 2024-2025.
Date: Mr. Bhyregowda.A. P
Place: Bharthinagara 410CS23009
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of the project report which
would be complete only with the mention of the almighty God and the people who made
it possible, whose report rewarded the effort with success of project presentation
We are grateful to B.E.T.Polytechnic for providing us an opportunity to enhance our
knowledge through the project.
We express our sincere thanks to G Krishna, Principal, and B.E.T. Polytechnic
Bharthinagara for providing us an opportunity and means to present the project.
We express our heart full thanks to B. Mahadeva, Head, Department of Computer
Science Engineering, B.E.T. Polytechnic Bharthinagara for encouragement in our project
work, whose cooperation and guidance helped in nurturing this project report.
We would like to express profound thanks to the project guide Jayalakshmi Y.T, Guide,
Department of Computer science & Engineering for the keen interest and encouragement
in our project presentation.
Finally, we would like to thank our family members and friends for standing with us
through all times.
Mr. BHYREGOWDA.A. P
410CS23009
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction
1.1. What is computer network?
1.2. Components of computer network.
2. NIC (National interface card)
2.1 Hub
2.2 Switches
2.3 Modem
2.4 Roter
2.5 Cables and connecters
3. objectives of computer networks
4. types of computer network
4.1 PAN
4.2 LAN
4.3 WAN
4.4 WLAN
4.5 CAN
4.6 MAN
5. Computer network analysis
6 Advantages of computer network
7 disadvantages of computer networking
8. Cisco packet tracer
8.1 Uses of components
9. Specification
9.1 FAN
9.2 WINDOW
10. Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
What is a Computer Network?
Computer Network is a group of computers connected with each other through wires,
optical fibres or optical links so that various devices can interact with each other through a
network. The aim of the computer network is the sharing of resources among various devices.
0 In the case of computer network technology, there are several types of networks that vary
from simple to complex level.
Components of Computer Network:
NIC (National interface card)
NIC (National interface card) NIC is a device that helps the computer to communicate
with another device. The network interface card contains the hardware addresses, the data-
link layer protocol.
Use this address to identify the system on the network so that it transfers the data to
the correct destination.
There are two types of NIC: wireless NIC and wired NIC.
Wireless NIC: All the modern laptops use the wireless NIC. In Wireless NIC, a
connection is made using the antenna that employs the radio wave technology.
Wired NIC: Cables use the wired NIC to transfer the data over the medium.
Hub
Hub is a central device that splits the network connection into multiple devices. When
computer requests for information from a computer, it sends the request to the Hub. Hub
distributes this request to all the interconnected computers.
Switches
Switch is a networking device that groups all the devices over the network to transfer
the data to another device. A switch is better than Hub as it does not broadcast the message
over the network, i.e., it sends the message to the device for which it belongs to. Therefore,
we can say that switch sends the message directly from source to the destination.
Cables and connectors
Cable is a transmission media that transmits the communication signals. There are three
types of cables:
Twisted pair cable: It is a high-speed cable that transmits the data over 1Gbps or
more.
Coaxial cable:Coaxial cable resembles like a TV installation cable. Coaxial cable is
more expensive than twisted pair cable, but it provides the high data transmission
speed.
Fibre optic cable:Fibre optic cable is a high-speed cable that transmits the data using
light beams. It provides high data transmission speed as compared to other cables. It is
more expensive as compared to other cables, so it is installed at the government level.
Router:
Router is a device that connects the LAN to the internet. The router is mainly used to
connect the distinct networks or connect the internet to multiple computers.
Modem:
Modem connects the computer to the internet over the existing telephone line. A
modem is not integrated with the computer motherboard. A modem is a separate part on the
PC slot found on the motherboard. System without the user's knowledge. Hence the
distributed system is a special case of network system, one whose operating system has a
high degree of transparency
Objectives of Computer Networks
Objectives of Computer Network
Right from the day of computer automation, a computer has developed computer in
each department. For example, the task can be to keep of track off inventories, monitor
productivity and maintain accounts. Initially, this computer in different department works as
an isolation from other computer. These provided the necessary computer assistance in the
activities pertaining to the respective department. It was not possible to share information
among the departments. As a result, the information was replicated wherever needed. This
increased redundancy caused increased in storage space, less data consistency etc.
1. Resource sharing is the main objective of the computer network. The goal is to provide all
the program, date and hardware is available to everyone on the network without regard to the
physical location of the resource and the users.
2. The second objective is to provide the high Reliability. It is achieved by replicating the
files on two or more machines, so in case of unavailability (due to fail of hardware) the other
copies can be used.
3. Computer organization has helped organization in saving money. This is due to the fact
that the small computer has much better price to the performance ratio comparison than the
large computer like mainframe.
4. Computer network have provided means to increase system performance as the work load
increases (load balancing). In the days of mainframe when the system was full it was to
replace with the other large mainframe computer, usually at and expensive rate not
convenience for user.
Types of Computer Networks
A computer network is a cluster of computers over a shared communication path that
work for the purpose of sharing resources from one computer to another, provided by or
located on the network nodes.
Some of the uses of computer networks are the following:
Communicating using email, video, instant messaging, etc.
Sharing devices such as printers, scanners, etc.
Sharing files
Sharing software and operating programs on remote systems
Allowing network users to easily access and maintain information
Types of Computer Networks
1. Personal Area Network (PAN)
2. Local Area Network (LAN)
3. Wide Area Network (WAN)
4. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
5. Campus Area Network (CAN)
6. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
7. Storage Area Network (SAN)
8. System-Area Network (SAN)
9. Passive Optical Local Area Network (POLAN)
10. Enterprise Private Network (EPN)
11. Virtual Private Network
These are explained as following below.
1. Personal Area Network (PAN):
PAN is the most basic type of computer
network. This network is restrained to a
single person, that is, communication
between the computer devices is centred only
to an individual's work space. PAN offers a
network range of 10 meters from a person to
the device providing communication.
Examples of PAN are USB, computer, phone, tablet,
printer, PDA, etc.
2. Local Area Network (LAN):
LAN is the most frequently used
network. A LAN is a computer
network that connects computers
together through a common
communication path, contained
within a limited area, that is,
locally. A LAN encompasses two
or more computers connected
over a server. The two important
technologies involved in this
network are Ethernet and Wi-Fi.
Examples of LAN are
networking ina home, school, library, laboratory, college, office, etc.
3. Wide Area Network (WAN):
WAN is a type of computer
network that connects computers
over a large geographical distance
through a shared communication
path. It is not restrained to a single
location but extends over many
locations. WAN can also be
defined as a group of local area
networks that communicate with
each other. The most common
example of WAN is the Internet.
4. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN):
WLAN is a type of computer network
that acts as a local area network but
makes use of wireless network
technology like Wi-Fi. This network
doesn't allow devices communicating
over physical cables like in LAN, but
allows devices to communicate
wirelessly.
The most common example of WLAN is
Wi-Fi.
5. Campus Area Network (CAN):
CAN is bigger than a LAN but
smaller than a MAN. This is a type of
computer network which is usually used
in places like a school or college. This
network covers a limited geographical
area that is, it spreads across several
buildings within the campus. Examples
of CAN are networks that cover schools,
colleges, buildings, etc.
6. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):
A MAN is larger than a LAN but
smaller than a WAN. This is the type of
computer network that connects
computers over a geographical distance
through a shared communication path
over a metropolitan area city, town or
Examples of MAN are networking in
towns, cities, a single large city, large
area within multiple buildings, etc.
Computer Network Analysis:
Network analysis (also known as traffic analysis, protocol analysis, sniffing,
packet analysis, eavesdropping, and so on) is the process of capturing network traffic
and inspecting it closely to determine what is happening on the network. A network
analyser decodes the data packets of common protocols and displays the network
traffic in readable format. A sniffer is a program that monitors data traveling over a
network. Unauthorized sniffers are dangerous to network security because they are
difficult to detect and can be inserted almost anywhere, which makes them a favourite
weapon of hackers. A network analyser can be a standalone hardware device with
specialized software, or software that is installed on a desktop or laptop computer.
The differences between network analysers depend on features such as the number of
supported protocols it can decode, the user interface, and its graphing and statistical
capabilities. Other differences include inference capabilities (e.g., expert analysis
features) and the quality of packet decodes. Although several network analysers
decode the same protocols, some will work better than others for your environment.
Advantages of Computer Networking
Some of the main advantages of Computer Networking are discussed below:
Central Storage of Data: Files can be stored on a central node (the file server) that can
be shared and made available to every user in an organization.
Connectivity: There is a negligible range of abilities required to connect to a modern
computer network. The effortlessness of joining makes it workable for even youthful
kids to start exploring the data.
Faster Problem-solving: Since an extensive procedure is disintegrated into a few littler
procedures and each is taken care of by all the associated gadgets, an explicit issue can
be settled in lesser time.
Reliability: Reliability implies backing up information. Due to some reason equipment
crashes, and so on, the information gets undermined or inaccessible on one PC, and
another duplicate of similar information is accessible on another workstation for future
use, which prompts smooth working and further handling without interruption.
Flexible: This innovation is known to be truly adaptable, as it offers clients the chance
to investigate everything about fundamental things, for example, programming without
influencing their usefulness.
Security through Authorization: Security and protection of information are
additionally settled through the system. As just the system clients are approved to get to
specific records or applications, no other individual can crack the protection or security
of information.
Storage capacity: Since you will share data, records, and assets with other individuals,
you need to guarantee all information and substance are legitimately put away in the
framework. With this systems administration innovation, you can do most of this with
no issue, while having all the space you require for capacity.
Disadvantages of Computer Networking
Some of the main disadvantages of Computer Networking are discussed below:
Expensive: Execution of the network can be expensive in the case of an initial setup, as
the wires and the cost of the cable are high and sometimes equipment is also costly.
Virus and Malware: Computer Networking can lead to the spreading of viruses to
another computer through the network.
Management of the network: Management of the Network is quite difficult as it
requires skilled persons to handle that large network. It requires training of people who
are employed in this work.
Loss of Information: In case of a crash of the Computer Network, it can lead to the
loss of information or not being able to access information for some time.
The system can be hacked: In the case of Wide Area Networks (WAN), there is a
threat of Hacking of the System. Some security features should be added to prevent
such things.
Cisco packet tracer mini project
Uses of components
Home Gateway
Ceiling fan
Window
Smartphone
Living room
Sl.no Devices Function
1 Home gateway Used for smart devices registration
2 Fan Used to ventilate home
3 Smart windows Used to control the windows from
distance
4 Smart phone Used to remotely access smart
devices
Specification
Ceiling Fan
Features:
Registration Server Compatible
Off
Low Speed
High Speed
Usage:
Connect to the Fan with custom cable from MCU/SBC/Thing
In the script, write the data to the Fan with custom Write function to turn Fan off, set
low speed/high speed
Direct Control:
ALT-click to interact
Local Control:
Connect device to MCU/Thing/SBC. Use the "custom Write" API per Data
Specifications
Remote Control:
Connect device to Registration Server using Config Tab
Data Specifications:
Message Format: [state]
State: 0 = off, 1 = low speed, 2 = high speed
Example:
Connect SBC to a Fan with custom cable, connect from pin 0 on SBC to pin 0 on the Fan, in
the SBC, add the code custom Write (0, "1") to set the Fan at low speed
Window
A window that can open or close
Features:
Registration Server Compatible
Ability to vent Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide
Usage:
Window works with Environment object. It reads CARBON_DIOXIDE and
CARBON_MONOXIDE variables set in the Environment object and change these
variables when users activate window opening/closing
Direct Control:
ALT-click to open and close
Local Control:
Connect device to MCU/SBC/Thing. Use the "custom Write" API per Data
Specifications
Remote Control:
Connect device to Registration Server using Config Tab
Data Specifications:
Message Format: [state]
state: 0 = closed, 1 = open
Example:
N/A
1. Open the cisco packet tracer.
2. Take a one home gateway, one ceiling fan, one window and one Smartphone.
3. Create a one living room in Cisco packet tracer.
4. Click on the ceiling fan and click the advance go to I/O config tab
Change the network adapter PT-IOT-NM-1CFE TO PT-IOT-NM-1W
5. Click on the ceiling Window and click the advance go to I/O config tab
Change the network adapter PT-IOT-NM-1CFE TO PT-IOT-NM-1W.
6. Click on the smart phone go to config tab select the
Wireless0 and change the SSID default tohome gateway.
7. Click on the smart phone go to desktop tab select the
IOT MONITOR type the IPserver address user name and password
loin thePage they are no device are connected in the home
Gateway.
8. Click on the ceiling fan go to config tab select the HOME
GATEWAY.
9. Click on the window fan go to config tab select the
HOME GATEWAY.
10. Connected the celingfan and window
11. Ceiling fan OFF, LOW SPEED AND HIGH SPPED
Ceiling fan OFF
Ceiling fan Low speed
Ceiling fan High speed
12.Widow open and close
Window close
Window open
Conclusion:
A network is two or more computers connected together using a telecommunication
system for the purpose of communicating and sharing resources. Without having a network,
Companies would not be able to share resources and increase productivity more effectively.
