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Homework 1 - Propositional Logic

The document evaluates the truth values of various propositions regarding fiscal data, confirms the truth of several compound propositions, and explains the meanings of inclusive and exclusive 'or' in different contexts. It also rewrites several statements into 'if p, then q' format. The propositions cover topics such as company revenues, driving speeds, and conditions for events.

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harisamser27
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4 views

Homework 1 - Propositional Logic

The document evaluates the truth values of various propositions regarding fiscal data, confirms the truth of several compound propositions, and explains the meanings of inclusive and exclusive 'or' in different contexts. It also rewrites several statements into 'if p, then q' format. The propositions cover topics such as company revenues, driving speeds, and conditions for events.

Uploaded by

harisamser27
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Determine the truth value of each proposition for the given fiscal data:

● a) Quixote Media had the largest annual revenue.


○ False. Quixote Media’s revenue was 111 billion, which is less than ACME
Computer’s revenue of 138 billion.

● b) NADIR Software had the lowest net profit, and ACME Computer had the largest
annual revenue.
○ True. NADIR Software’s net profit was 5 billion, the smallest among the three
companies, and ACME Computer’s annual revenue was the largest at 138 billion.
○

● c) ACME Computer had the largest net profit or Quixote Media had the largest net profit.
○ True. Quixote Media’s net profit (13 billion) is the largest, so the statement is
true.

● d) If Quixote Media had the smallest net profit, then ACME Computer had the largest
annual revenue.
○ True. The premise is false (Quixote Media didn’t have the smallest net profit), so
the implication is true.

● e) NADIR Software had the smallest net profit if and only if ACME Computer had the
largest annual revenue.
○ True. Both parts are true: NADIR had the smallest net profit (5 billion), and
ACME had the largest annual revenue (138 billion).

2. Express compound propositions as English sentences:

● a) ¬q: NEGATION
"Sharks have not been spotted near the shore."
● b) p∧q: CONJUNCTION
"Swimming at the New Jersey shore is allowed, and sharks have been spotted near the
shore."
● c) ¬p∨q: NEGATION OF p, DISJUNCTED WITH q
"Either swimming at the New Jersey shore is not allowed, or sharks have been spotted
near the shore."
● d) p→¬q: p IMPLIES ¬q
"If swimming at the New Jersey shore is allowed, then sharks have not been spotted
near the shore."
● e) p↔¬q: p BI-IMPLICATION ¬q
"Swimming at the New Jersey shore is allowed if and only if sharks have not been
spotted near the shore."

3. Propositions about driving over 65 mph and getting a speeding ticket:

● a) ¬p: NEGATION
"You do not drive over 65 miles per hour."
● b) p∧¬q: CONJUNCTION
"You drive over 65 miles per hour, but you do not get a speeding ticket."
● c) p→q: p IMPLIES q
"You will get a speeding ticket if you drive over 65 miles per hour."
● d) ¬p→¬q: ¬p IMPLIES ¬q
"If you do not drive over 65 miles per hour, then you will not get a speeding ticket."
● e) p→q: q IMPLIES p
"Driving over 65 miles per hour is sufficient for getting a speeding ticket."
● f) q∧¬p: CONJUNCTION
"You get a speeding ticket, but you do not drive over 65 miles per hour."
● g) q→p: q IMPLIES P
"Whenever you get a speeding ticket, you are driving over 65 miles per hour."

4. Inclusive vs. exclusive “or” meanings:

● a) "To take discrete mathematics, you must have taken calculus or a course in computer
science."
○ Inclusive: Either or both prerequisites are acceptable.
○ Exclusive: Only one is acceptable, not both.
○ Intended meaning: Likely inclusive, since universities typically accept multiple
prerequisites.
● b) "When you buy a new car from Acme Motor Company, you get $2000 back in cash or
a 2% car loan."
○ Inclusive: You could receive both benefits.
○ Exclusive: You receive one benefit, not both.
○ Intended meaning: Likely exclusive, as promotions usually offer one incentive,
not both.
● c) "Dinner for two includes two items from column A or three items from column B."
○ Inclusive: You could choose items from both columns.
○ Exclusive: You must pick from only one column.
○ Intended meaning: Likely exclusive, as the restaurant is probably giving a single,
distinct choice.
● d) "School is closed if more than 2 feet of snow falls or if the wind chill is
below −100."
○ Inclusive: Either condition is sufficient to close the school.
○ Exclusive: Only one condition can trigger closure, not both.
○ Intended meaning: Likely inclusive, as either extreme condition would be enough
to close the school.

5. Rewriting as “if p, then q” statements:

● a) "It snows whenever the wind blows from the northeast."


○ "If the wind blows from the northeast, then it snows."

● b) "The apple trees will bloom if it stays warm for a week."


○ "If it stays warm for a week, then the apple trees will bloom."
● c) "That the Pistons win the championship implies that they beat the Lakers."
○ "If the Pistons win the championship, then they beat the Lakers."

● d) "It is necessary to walk 8 miles to get to the top of Long’s Peak."

○ "If you are at the top of Long’s Peak, then you walked 8 miles."
● e) "To get tenure as a professor, it is sufficient to be world famous."

○ "If you are world famous, then you can get tenure as a professor."
● f) "If you drive more than 400 miles, you will need to buy gasoline."
○ "If you drive more than 400 miles, then you will need to buy gasoline."

● g) "Your guarantee is good only if you bought your CD player less than 90 days ago."
○ "If your guarantee is good, then you bought your CD player less than 90 days
ago."

● h) "Jan will go swimming unless the water is too cold."


○ "If the water is not too cold, then Jan will go swimming."

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