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Phys Clas 12 ch2

The document explains the concept of electric current, defining the ampere as the S.I. unit of current, which is equivalent to one coulomb per second. It discusses the direction of conventional current flow, which is opposite to the flow of electrons, and emphasizes that current is treated as a scalar quantity. Additionally, it describes conductors as materials that allow free electrons to move and generate electric currents when an electric field is applied.

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4 views1 page

Phys Clas 12 ch2

The document explains the concept of electric current, defining the ampere as the S.I. unit of current, which is equivalent to one coulomb per second. It discusses the direction of conventional current flow, which is opposite to the flow of electrons, and emphasizes that current is treated as a scalar quantity. Additionally, it describes conductors as materials that allow free electrons to move and generate electric currents when an electric field is applied.

Uploaded by

anubhvvsingh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ampere. It 1s lcoulomb (C) iS per


S.I. unit of current is ChaTge
secon
OJ
1 ampere ( A ) =
I second(s) coulomb

ampere,
ifone FIGURE 2(a).3
said to
be l
wire is
Thus the current through a convention,

A
of
rOugh a section of the wire*. As a
matter
of
current.

f l o w of
current. direction

Direction of electric givesthe of


e direction of flow of positive charge
direction
direction
The The
current.
is is called conventional electronic current in
current.

ctrons gives the direction of the


c o n v e n t i o n a l

opposite to that of of cell, to


electronic current is positive
terminal
from A
connected to of
. 2(a).3. As end A is
through the
conductor
the
direction flow of pos
aventional current is flowing from Bto
A.
will be
represents
scalar addition are appli
laws of
current
he direction of electronic current
currents does not affe=
electric the
Though the addition,

Current is a scalar quantity. because for


its wires
carrying

quantity between the


ge, yet it is treated as ascalar the angle
not the laws of vector addition,
i.e., total positive charge
t, if the
1current in the circuit. conductor in a time from Bto A, then total cu
of the flowing
CETAIN 1. Through a cross-section negative charge q, is
flowing from A to Band total
IN
EMORY 42
conductor is I =1+
through the

Its direction is from A to B. tens of thousands of amp


currents of the order of
lightning carries
2. The average microamperes.
currents in our nerves are in
3. The
million elec
flowing througha conductor i f I
What is the current electron = 1-6 x
1019
Sample Problem Charge on an
1 millisecond through a cross section of it.
ng in C= 1-6 x 10-15C;t= 10 s
q= 100 x1-6x 1019
Sol. Here ,
1-6x10-13
current I = 2 = 16 x 10-10 A
Now, 10-3

CONDUCTORS
5 ELECTRIC CURRENTS IN
atoms and molecules are made of negatively charged electrons and positiy
Ve know that move. A material (i.e., a bu
which are bound to each other and are thus not free to
closely packed that
sed of many atoms/molecules. In a material, the molecules are so
the matter li
nsin it are no longer attached to individual nuclei, but free tO move inside
Such electrons are called free electrons. These free electrons move under the efto
a definite direction,resulting in a current in the material. Those materials whic
-offree electrons and develop strong electric currents in them, when an electric f
erally called conductors.

nto that if the currentvaries with time, 1t 1S represented by differential limit of (1). i.e |
awen when cross-sectional area is ditferent at d1fferent points of the conductor

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