10TH SOCIAL SCIENCE 2 MARKS INTERIORS
HISTORY
Define Trust.
A trust is an industrial organisation engaged in the production or distribution of any commodity. The
trust would possess adequate control over the supply and price of that commodity to its own advantage.
Who was Lenin?
Lenin was born in 1870 near the Middle Volga to educated parents. Influenced by the ideas of Karl
Marx, Lenin believed that the way for freedom was through mass action. Lenin gained the support of a small
majority, known as Bolsheviks, which became the Bolshevik Party. His opponents, in minority, were called
Mensheviks.
What was Pravda?
Pravda is a Russian word meaning “Truth”. It was the official newspaper of the Communist Party of
the Soviet Union from 1918 to 1991.
Define Gold Standard.
Gold Standard is a monetary system where a country’s currency or paper money carried a value
directly linked to gold.
What is Fascism?
Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian ultra-nationalism, characterised by dictatorial power,
forcible suppression of opposition and strong regimentation of society and of the economy, which came to
prominence in early 20th-century Europe.
Write a note on the Social Democratic Party.
Social Democratic Party was founded as the General German Workers Association on 23 May 1863 in
Leipzig. Founder was Ferdinand Lassalle. German elites of the late 19th century considered the very
existence of a socialist party a threat to the security and stability of the newly unified Reich, and so Bismark
outlawed this party from 1878 to 1890. However, in 1945, with the fall of Hitler, the Social Democratic Party
was revived. It was the only surviving party from the Weimar period with a record of opposition to Hitler.
What is decolonization?
Decolonisation is a process through which colonial powers transferred institutional and legal control
over their colonies to the indigenous nationalist governments.
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Who was Ho Chi Minh?
Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969) was born in Tongking. When Ho Chi Minh was twenty one, he went to
Europe. After working as a cook in a London hotel, he went to Paris. In the Paris peace conference, he lobbied
for the independence for Vietnam. His articles in newspapers and especially the pamphlet, French
Colonialism on Trial, made him well known as a Vietnam nationalist.
Who were Boers?
The descendents of original Dutch settlers of South Africa, also known as Afrikaners, were called Boers.
Their language is Afrikaans.
Define holocaust.
The word ‘holocaust’ is used to describe the genocide of nearly six million Jews by the Germans
during World War II. Annihilating the Jews was one of the main items on the political agenda of Hitler and
the Nazis.
What was cold war?
The rivalry that developed after World War II between the US and the USSR and their respective allies
created tension which is referred to as Cold War. They did not take recourse to weapons. Instead they waged
war on political, economic and ideological fronts.
Write a note on the Zionist movement.
In Palestine, the ancient home of Jews, only a few thousand Jews were living in 1900. Some 15 million
were scattered around Europe and North America. In 1896 Thodore Herzel, a Viennese journalist, published
a pamphlet called The Jewish State in which he called for the creation of a Jewish national home. Next year
(1897) the World Zionist Organisation was founded.
Write a note on the Palestine Liberation Organisaton.
It is an umbrella political organization representing the world’s Palestinians – all
Arabs and their descendants who lived in mandated Palestine before the creation of the State of Israel in
1948. It was formed in 1964 to federate various Palestinian groups that previously had operated as
clandestine resistance movements. Yasser Arafat was its most prominent leader.
Who was Helmut Khol? Write about his contribution to Germany.
Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of West Germany from 1982 to 1990, and played a crucial role in integrating
East Germany into West Germany in 1990. He thus became the first chancellor of a unified Germany after
forty five years of division. With French President Mitterand, Kohl was the architect of the Maastricht Treaty,
which established the European Union (EU) and the euro currency.
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What is meant by Perestroika?
Perestroika (‘restructuring’) refers to the programme introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in the late
1980s to restructure Soviet economic and political system. Along with the policy of ‘Glasnost’ (‘openness),
Perestroika was intended to energize Soviet economy which was lagging behind the developed countries of
the capitalist world.
What is meant by Glasnost?
Glasnost (‘openness’) was a policy of ideologically openness introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev along
with Perestroika in the 1980s. Under Glasnost there was more openness, writers who had been censored
earlier were rehabilitated, and there was space for criticism of politics and government.
Who was Ondiveeran?
Ondiveeran led one of the army units of Puli Thevar. Fighting by the side of Puli Thevar, he caused
much damage to the Company’s army. According to oral tradition, in one battle, Ondiveeran’s hand was
chopped off and Puli Thevar was saddened. But Ondiveeran said it was a reward for his penetration into
enemy’s fort causing many heads to roll.
Who was Gopala nayak?
Gopala Nayak spearheaded the famous Dindigul League, which was formed with
Lakshmi Nayak of Manaparai and Poojai Nayak of Devadanapatti. He drew inspiration from
Tipu Sultan who sent a deputation to show his camaraderie. He led the resistance against the British from
Coimbatore and later joined Oomaidurai, Kattabomman’s brother. He put up a fierce fight at Aanamalai hills
where the local peasants gave him full support. But Gopala Nayak was overpowered by the British forces in
1801.
Who was Kuyili?
Kuyili, a faithful friend of Velunachiyar, is said to have led the unit of women soldiers named after
Udaiyaal. Udaiyaal was a shepherd girl who was killed for not divulging information on Kuyili. Kuyili is said
to have walked into the British arsenal (1780) after setting herself on fire, thus destroying all the
ammunition.
Define dyarchy.
Dyarchy, a system of dual government introduced under the Government of India Act 1919, divided
the powers of the provincial government into Reserved and Transferred subjects. The Reserved Subjects
comprising finance, defence, the police, justice, land revenue, and irrigation were in the hands of the British.
The Transferred Subjects that included local self-government, education, public health, public works,
agriculture, forests and fisheries were left under the control of Indian ministers. The system ended with the
introduction of provincial autonomy in 1935.
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Write about the forest act in India.
The British enacted the first forest act in 1865. This act restricted the access of the forest dwellers to
the forest areas to collect firewood, cattle fodder and other minor forest produce such as honey, seeds, nuts,
medicinal herbs. The Indian Forest Act of 1878 claimed that original ownership of forests was with the state.
Write about the parts of the Madras presidency.
Tamil Nadu was then part of the Madras Presidency which included large parts of the present-day
states of Andhra Pradesh (Coastal districts and Rayalaseema), Karnataka (Bengaluru, Bellary, South Canara),
Kerala (Malabar) and even Odisha (Ganjam).
Who was Rosaappu Durai / George Joseph?
George Joseph, a barrister and eloquent speaker, played a leading role in organising and publicising
the cause of Home Rule League in Madurai. Though born in Chengannur (Alappuzha district, Kerala State),
he chose to settle down in Madurai and practice as a people’s lawyer. He was fondly called “Rosaappu Durai”
by the people of Madurai for the services he rendered to the affected communities.
Write about the abolition of the Devadasi system Act.
In 1930, Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar introduced in the Madras Legislative Council a Bill on the
“prevention of the dedication of women to Hindu temples in the Presidency of Madras”. The Bill, which later
became the Devadasi Abolition Act, declared the “pottukattu ceremony” in the precincts of Hindu temples or
any other place of worship unlawful, gave legal sanction to devadasis to contract marriage, and prescribed a
minimum punishment of five years’ imprisonment for those found guilty of aiding and abetting the devadasi
system. The Bill had to wait for over 17 years to become an Act.
GEOGRAPHY
Write about the Andra Pradesh reorganization Act.
Amaravati is the new capital of Andhra Pradesh. According to Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act,
Hyderabad will be the capital for both the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana till 2024 (For 10 years
from the act passed).
Which is the oldest fold mountain range?
Aravalli range is one of the oldest fold mountain range in the World.
Write about the Himalayan mountain range.
Himalaya is the home of several high peaks. However, it holds the record of having the maximum
number of highest peaks among any mountain range in world. Out of 14 highest peaks in this world,
Himalayas holds 9.
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Write about the passes of the India.
The major passes in the Himalaya are Karakoram pass (Jammu and Kashmir), Zojila pass, Shipkila
pass (Himachal Pradesh), Bomdila pass (Arunachal Pradesh), Nathula pass and Jhelepla pass (Sikkim). The
Khyber pass which connects Pakistan and Afganisthan, and Bolan pass in Pakistan are theimportant passes
of the Indian subcontinent.
What is Equable / British climate?
Equable climate is also called as the British climate, Which is neither too hot nor too cold.
Define weather.
Weather refers to the state of atmosphere of a place at a given point of time.
Define climate.
Climate is the accumulation of daily and seasonal weather events of a given location over a period of
30-35 years.
Which place receives the highest rainfall in world?
Mawsynram, the place which receives highest rainfall (1141 cm) in the world. It is located in
Meghalaya.
Write about the Tiger project.
Project Tiger was launched in April 1973 with the aim to conserve tiger population in specifically
constituted “Tiger Reserves” in India.
Why was the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana implemented?
The PMKSY has been implemented to get more production by using water saving and conservation
technologies.
When was the first live stock census conducted in India?
First Livestock Census in India was conducted with the title of Dairy Cattle Census in 1919.
How is livestock census conducted in Tamil Nadu?
State Government is conducting Livestock Census with the help of Department of Animal Husbandry
at state level and Regional Joint Director at Distric level under the guidelines of Government of India Ministry
of Agriculture and farmers welfare, Department of Animal Husbandary Dairying and Fisheries.
Name the organizations associated with minerals in India.
1. The Geological Survey of India Headquarter is at Calcutta.
2. Indian Bureau of Mines Headquarter at Nagpur.
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3. Non-Ferrous Material Technology Development Centre NFTDC, Hyderabad.
4. The Ministry of Mines is responsible for the administration of all mines and minerals.
What is Hindustan Copper Ltd?
Hindustan Copper Ltd is a Government-owned-corporation in the central public Enterprise under the
Ministry of minies, India.
What is Bauxite?
Bauxite is an oxide of aluminium. The name has been derived after the French word Le Baux.
Who is responsible for the production of petroleum products in India?
The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas is a ministry of the Government of India. It is responsible
for the exploration, production, refining, distribution, marketing, import, export, and conservation of
petroleum, natural gas, petroleum products, and liquefied natural gas in India.
When and where was the first hydro electric power station established in India?
The first hydro-electric power station in India was established at “Darjeeling” in 1897.
National Hydroelectric Power Corporation is located in Faridabad, India.
Which state has the largest installment of wind turbins?
Tamil Nadu has the largest installation of wind turbines in the country in the Aralvoimozhi area near
Kanniyakumari is the largest concentrations of wind farm capacity at a single location in the world.
When and where was the first cotton textile mill was established in India?
The first cotton textile mill was established at Fort Gloster near Kolkata in 1818.
What is ginning?
Ginning is the process of separating cotton seed from cotton.
When and where was the first paper mill in India established?
The first paper mill of India was started in 1812 at Serampore in West Bengal.
Which city is called the detroit of Asia ? Why?
Chennai is nicknamed as the “Detroit of Asia” due to the presence of major automobile manufacturing
units and allied industries around the city.
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What is the Make In India program?
Make in India program was launched in 2014 to put India on the world map as a major hub for global
design and manufacturing.
Write about the population census of India.
In India the first census was carried out in the year 1872. But the first complete and synchronous census
was conducted in 1881. And the 2011 census represents the fifteenth census of India.
What is NHAI? When was it established?
National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) was established in 1995. It is an autonomous body
under the Ministry of Surface Transport.
How is the boundaries of states organised in India?
As per, the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, state boundaries were reorganised on some linguistic
basis.
Which is the wettest place in Tamil Nadu?
Chinnakallar near Valparai is the 3rd wettest place in India and the wettest place in Tamil Nadu.
Write about the Aavin.
Tamil Nadu Dairy Development Corporation Ltd. was transformed into the newly registered Tamil
Nadu Co-operative Milk Producers Federation Limited Popularly known as “Aavin”.
What is GI tag?
GI(Geographical Indication) is a name or sign used on products which corresponds to a specific
geographical location. It provides rights and protection of holders.
Name the IIT parks in Tamil Nadu.
Tidel Park, Ascendas, Mahindra world city 4 IT & ITES SEZ TIDEL-II, IT & ITES SEZ TIDEL-III,
Coimbatore SEZ - Tidel Park.
Which is the longest national highway in Tamil Nadu?
NH - 44 is the longest national highway in Tamil Nadu which runs from Hosur to Kanniyakumari
(627.2 km) Via Dharmapuri-Salem-KarurDindigul-Madurai-Tirunelveli.
Which is the shortest national highway in Tamil Nadu?
NH - 785 is the shortest national highway in Tamil Nadu which runs from Madurai to Tuvarankuruchi.
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CIVICS
How and by whom was the original Indian constitution written?
Prem Behari Narain Raizada was the calligrapher of the Indian Constitution. The original constitution
was handwritten by him in a flowing italic style.
Which is known as the mini constitution?
The 42nd amendment of the Constitution is known as the mini Constitution.
What are the other offices of the President of India?
'The Retreat Building' at Shimla and the 'Rashtrapati Nilayam' at Hyderabad are the two other offices
of the President of India where he conducts office at least once a year.
Which are the states having the most imposition of President’s rule?
Kerala and Punjab are the States where the President’s Rule was imposed for maximum number of
times i.e., nine times in both States.
What happens when the offices of both President and vice President lie vacant?
If the posts of President and Vice-President lie vacant, Chief Justice of India works as President. This
situation happened in 1969 when Chief Justice M.Hidayutalla was appointed as President of India.
What is Casting vote?
According to Article (100) of the Constitution, the vice-President can\only cast his vote when there is
a tie over the Bill in the Rajya Sabha.It means that there is need for one vote only to pass the Bill. No
members have any right to oppose his decision.
When was the Supreme Court of India inaugrated? What was it called before?
The Supreme Court of India, New Delhi was inaugurated on January 28, 1950. It succeeded the
Federal Court of India, established under the Government of India Act of 1935.
How many member can be appointed as ministers in Tamil Nadu?
In Tamil Nadu, according to the strength of Legislative Assembly (234 members), the number of
ministers may be up to 36, i.e. 15 percent of 234.
Why is Tamil Nadu’s legislature is unicameral?
The Tamil Nadu Legislative Council was abolished by Tamil Nadu Legislative Council (Abolition) Bill,
1986. The Act came into force on the 1st November 1986.
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What is Teen Bigha Corridor?
The Teen Bigha Corridor is a strip of land belonging to India on the West Bengal– Bangladesh border,
which was leased to Bangladesh in 2011.
Who was Guru Padmasambhava?
Guru Padmasambhava, a Buddhist saint who went to Bhutan from India, played an influential role
in spreading Buddhism and cementing traditional ties between people of both nations.
What is McMohon Line?
This is the boundary line between India and China, east of Bhutan. It was determined 1914 at a
conference of representatives of British India, Tibet and China. The Secretary of State for India (in British
Cabinet), Arthur Henry McMahon, represented British India at the Conference.
What is the Line of Control (LoC)?
The Ceasefire line determined in 1949 was called the LoC after 1972. This is the boundary that came
to be agreed between India and Pakistan under the Shimla Agreement of 1972. It was called Radcliffe Line at
the time of partition in1947, (Radcliffe was the chairman of the border commission.) This is now called LoC.
What is Meluha.
One of the oldest maritime trading routes ran from ancient Sumeria via Bahrain to the Indus
Civilisation called Meluha.
ECONOMICS
Who made the modern concept of GDP?
The modern concept of GDP was first developed by Simon Kuznets for a US Congress report in 1934.
Name some Indian MNCs.
➢ Hero Motocorp
➢ Bajaj
➢ TVS
➢ State Bank of India
➢ Bharti Airtel
Where was the first round of the GATT held?
The first round of GATT was held in Geneva, Switzerland in 1947.
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Write a note on the WTO?
The World Trade Organization(WTO) is headquartered at Geneva, Switzerland. Its purpose is to
Regulate International trade.It's member includes a Director General and Four Deputy Director General and
other 600 Official Staff from around 80 member countries.
Write about the NFSA.
On 1 November 2016, National Food Security Act was implemented in Tamil Nadu after holding out
for three years.
When and why was the income tax introduced in India?
In India, Income Tax was introduced for the first time in 1860 by Sir James Wilson in order to meet
the losses sustained by the Government on account of the Mutiny of 1857.
Which was the first country to introduce GST?
France was the first country to implement GST in 1954.
What is startup India scheme?
Startup India Scheme is an initiative of the Indian government, the primary objective of which is the
promotion of startups, generation of employment and wealth creation.
What is standup India scheme?
Standup India Scheme is to facilitate bank loans between `10 lakh and `1 crore to at least one
Scheduled Caste (SC) or Scheduled Tribe (ST) borrower and one woman borrower per bank branch for
setting up a greenfield enterprise.
********ALL THE BEST********
-Prepared by Nitheesh.S (AVB MHSS X – E)
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