DHVSU-FORM-CEA-003

AUGUST 2019, REV 01

Republic of the Philippines
DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY
Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

□ MIDTERM □ FINAL EXAMINATION
HYDRA 325 – Hydraulics
(Subject)
No. of Lec. Hrs. 4 / No. of Lab. Hrs. 3 .

Name: ________________________________________ Score: ________________

Yr. & Sec.: _____________________________________ Date: _________________

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

01. Indicate your NAME (SURNAME, First Name M.I.) and your STUDENT NUMBER on every page.
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EXAMINATION CONTENTS AND BREAKDOWN:

TYPE TOTAL POINTS OBTAINED

I. Knowledge & Problem Solving
A. PART 1 (Introduction to Fluid Mechanics; 15
Properties of Fluids; and Principles of Fluid
Statics or Hydrostatics)
B. PART 2 (Problem Solving & Conceptual— 10
Principles of Pressure Measurement)
C. PART 3 (Problem Solving & Conceptual— 25
Hydraulic Analysis of Dams)
D. PART 4 (Problem Solving & Conceptual— 25
Hydrostatic Forces on Plane and Curved
Surfaces)
E. PART 5 (Problem Solving & Conceptual— 10
Relative Equilibrium of Liquids)
F. PART 6 (Problem Solving & Conceptual— 15
Buoyancy & Stability of Floating Bodies)

Total Marks: 100

Percentage: 100

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HYDRA 325 – MIDTERM EXAMINATION
EXAMINATION PROPER:

SITUATION 1: (15 points)

A clear inverted conical container, open at the top, has an internal height of 10 meters and an internal
diameter at the top of 6 meters. From being initially empty, 59 cubic meters of oil (𝑆. 𝐺. = 0.8) and one-
fifth cubic meters of mercury (𝑆. 𝐺. = 13.6) is poured into the container.
01. (4 points) A certain volume of water (the standard reference fluid) is to be poured into the same
container until the fluids, with multiple layers, fill the inverted conical container up to the rim. After
reaching equilibrium, how high is the layer of water poured in the container?
A. 1.436 𝑚 B. 2.795 𝑚 C. 5.920 𝑚 D. 7.191 𝑚
02. (3 points) What is the pressure at the interface of the topmost fluid and the middle fluid?
A. 21.937 𝑘𝑃𝑎 B. 27.421 𝑘𝑃𝑎 C. 46.460 𝑘𝑃𝑎 D. 58.075 𝑘𝑃𝑎
03. (4 points) What is the pressure at the tip of the conical container due to the different fluids?
A. 108.50 𝑘𝑃𝑎 B. 135.94 𝑘𝑃𝑎 C. 192. 36 𝑘𝑃𝑎 D. 251.46 𝑘𝑃𝑎
04. (4 points) What is the total weight of the fluids poured into the inverted conical container?
A. 483.81 𝑘𝑁 B. 641.20 𝑘𝑁 C. 833.53 𝑘𝑁 D. 1070.5 𝑘𝑁

SITUATION 2: (10 points)

As shown below, a differential manometer connects two parallel pipes whose center lines are spaced
300 𝑐𝑚 vertically and 400 𝑐𝑚 horizontally. One end of a manometer is attached to the pipe located at a
higher elevation, which is a 300 − 𝑚𝑚 diameter pipe, Pipe A, with flowing water. The other end of the
manometer is attached to a 250 − 𝑚𝑚 diameter pipe, Pipe B, with flowing oil (𝑆. 𝐺. = 0.75). Inside the
manometer, the differential fluid mercury (𝑆. 𝐺. = 13.7) is deflected towards Pipe A. The difference in
elevation of the two liquid interfaces are measured to be 375 mm. The pressure difference between
the centers of the two pipes is 80 kPa.

400 cm

•A
300 cm

•B

375 mm

05. (4 points) Calculate the vertical distance as measured from the center of Pipe A to the interface
of water and mercury.
A. 270.75 𝑚𝑚 B. 284.93 𝑐𝑚 C. 317.07 𝑐𝑚 D. 376.22 𝑚𝑚
06. (4 points) Calculate the vertical distance as measured from the center of Pipe B to the interface
of oil and mercury.
A. 8.25 𝑚𝑚 B. 22.43 𝑐𝑚 C. 54.57 𝑐𝑚 D. 113.72 𝑚𝑚
07. (2 points) Which of the following statements are true?
I. The height of the column of the fluid in a mercury barometer is inversely proportional with the
magnitude of the pressure at a given elevation.
II. One end of an open manometer is attached to a pipe, a container, or any hydraulic system
while the other end is exposed to atmospheric pressure.
III. The use of differential manometers connecting two pipes would only provide the pressure
difference but not the individual pressures at each pipe.
A. I & II only B. I & III only C. II & III only D. I, II, and III

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HYDRA 325 – MIDTERM EXAMINATION
SITUATION 3: (25 points)
A right triangular gravity dam, which has a base of 𝑳 and a height of 𝒉, resists the hydrostatic force on
the vertical face of the dam—upstream of the dam—due to the liquid which is as high as the dam
itself. The unit weight of the liquid is 𝜸 while the specific weight of the homogeneous material used to
form the dam is 𝝎. Hydrostatic uplift must be considered with full head acting on its heel which varies
linearly to reach zero head at its toe. Assume a unit-width analysis.
08. (2 points) Using the given parameters, calculate the downward force due to the weight of the
right triangular gravity dam, 𝑾, and its corresponding moment arm, 𝒙𝒘 , as measured from the toe
of the dam.

1 1 1 2
A. 𝑊 = 𝛾𝐿ℎ 𝑥𝑤 = ℎ C. 𝑊 = 𝜔𝐿ℎ 𝑥𝑤 = 𝐿
2 3 2 3

1 1 1 2
B. 𝑊 = 𝛾𝐿ℎ2 𝑥𝑤 = ℎ D. 𝑊 = 𝜔𝐿ℎ2 𝑥𝑤 = 𝐿
2 3 2 3

09. (3 points) Using the given parameters, compute for the resultant, 𝑼, of the hydrostatic uplift
acting at the base of the dam due to the liquid seepage and its corresponding moment arm, 𝒙𝒖 ,
as measured from the toe of the dam?

1 2 1 1
A. 𝑈 = 𝛾𝐿ℎ 𝑥𝑢 = 𝐿 C. 𝑈 = 𝜔𝐿ℎ 𝑥𝑢 = ℎ
2 3 2 3

1 2 1 1
B. 𝑈 = 𝛾𝐿ℎ2 𝑥𝑢 = 𝐿 D. 𝑈 = 𝜔𝐿ℎ2 𝑥𝑢 = ℎ
2 3 2 3

10. (3 points) Using the given parameters, solve for the resultant, 𝑭𝒉 , of the hydrostatic force due to
the liquid upstream acting on the dam and its corresponding moment arm, 𝒚𝒉 , as measured from
the toe of the dam?

1 2 1 1
A. 𝐹ℎ = 𝜔ℎ 𝑦ℎ = 𝐿 C. 𝐹ℎ = 𝛾ℎ 𝑦ℎ = ℎ
2 3 2 3

1 2 1 1
B. 𝐹ℎ = 𝜔ℎ2 𝑦ℎ = 𝐿 D. 𝐹ℎ = 𝛾ℎ2 𝑦ℎ = ℎ
2 3 2 3

11. (5 points) In the given dam system, the condition is that the base pressure distribution is required
to be linearly varying across the base from heel to the toe, such that the pressure acting on the
heel is at maximum while the pressure acting at the toe is zero. What is the height, 𝒉, of the dam
in terms of the base 𝑳, unit weight of the liquid 𝜸, and specific weight of the homogeneous
material used to form the dam 𝝎?

𝜔−𝛾 𝐿𝛾
A. 𝐿√ C.
𝛾 𝜔

𝜔−𝛾 𝐿𝜔
B. 𝐿√ D.
2𝛾 𝛾

12. (4 points) Given that the coefficient of static friction between the bottom of the dam and the
ground where it is resting is 𝝁, what is the factor of safety of the dam against overturning in terms
of the coefficient of static friction 𝝁, the dam base 𝑳, the dam height 𝒉, unit weight of the liquid 𝜸,
and specific weight of the homogeneous material used to form the dam 𝝎?

𝜇𝐿(𝜔 − 𝛾) 2𝜇𝐿(𝜔 − 𝛾)
A. C.
𝛾ℎ 𝛾ℎ

𝜇𝐿(2𝜔 − 𝛾) 𝜇𝐿(𝜔 − 𝛾)
B. D.
𝛾ℎ 2𝛾ℎ

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HYDRA 325 – MIDTERM EXAMINATION
 13. (4 points) What is the factor of safety of the dam against overturning in terms of the dam base 𝑳,
the dam height 𝒉, unit weight of the liquid 𝜸, and specific weight of the homogeneous material
used to form the dam 𝝎?

𝜔𝐿2 2𝜔𝐿2
A. C.
𝛾(2ℎ2 + 𝐿2 ) 𝛾(ℎ2 + 2𝐿2 )

2𝜔𝐿2 𝜔𝐿2
B. D.
𝛾(2ℎ2 + 𝐿2 ) 𝛾(ℎ2 + 𝐿2 )

14. (2 points) Which of the following types of dams use its weight to resist the hydrostatic forces, to
keep it safe from sliding and overturning?
I. gravity dams II. embankment dams III. buttress dams
A. I & II only B. I & III only C. II & III only D. I, II, and III
15. (2 points) Which of the following statements are true?
I. The location of the center of pressure of the hydrostatic pressure distribution acting on any
plane surface is always located directly below the center of gravity of that surface.
II. The net horizontal hydrostatic force acting on a gravity dam may be due to either the fluid
upstream or the ponded fluid downstream, or both.
III. The absolute viscosity of a fluid is directly proportional with its kinematic viscosity and the
constant of proportionality is the specific volume.
A. I & II only B. I & III only C. II & III only D. I, II, and III

SITUATION 4: (25 points)

A hemispherical gate of diameter equal to 6 𝑚 was submerged in a fluid of 𝑆. 𝐺. = 0.74 such that its
center is located 6 𝑚 below the liquid surface and its concavity (opening) is facing to the right. The
highest point on the hemisphere is hinged to a rigid object that extends way above the liquid surface
limiting the fluid to be only on the back side of the curvature of the gate.
16. (5 points) Calculate the magnitude of the horizontal hydrostatic force, 𝑭𝒉 , that the fluid exerts on
the hemispherical gate.
A. 1231.53 𝑘𝑁 B. 1493.65 𝑘𝑁 C. 1664.23 𝑘𝑁 D. 1847.29 𝑘𝑁
17. (4 points) What is the corresponding line of action, 𝒚𝒑 , of the horizontal force acting on the
hemispherical gate as measured from the liquid surface?
A. 6.375 𝑚 B. 6.516 𝑚 C. 7.125 𝑚 D. 7.273 𝑚
18. (5 points) Compute for the magnitude of the vertical hydrostatic force, 𝑭𝒗 , that the fluid, with a
specific gravity of 0.74, exerts on the hemispherical gate.
A. 196.04 𝑘𝑁 B. 554.74 𝑘𝑁 C. 782.11 𝑘𝑁 D. 1336.85 𝑘𝑁
19. (4 points) Determine the location of the corresponding line of action, 𝒙𝒑 , of the vertical force
acting on the hemispherical gate as measured from the hinge.
A. 1.633 𝑚 B. 1.422 𝑚 C. 1.273 𝑚 D. 1.125 𝑚
20. (4 points) What is the total hydrostatic force acting on the hemispherical gate?
A. 1350.70 𝑘𝑁 B. 1458.89 𝑘𝑁 C. 1593.34 𝑘𝑁 D. 1686.03 𝑘𝑁
21. (3 points) What is the angle of inclination, with respect to the vertical axis, of the total hydrostatic
force acting on the gate?
A. 57.58° B. 65.75° C. 71.57° D. 82.52°

SITUATION 5: (10 points)

22. (2 points) A vessel containing glycerin is accelerated along a plane inclined 25° with respect to
the horizontal at 2.5 m/s2. Determine the angle of inclination of the liquid surface with respect to
the horizontal plane when, if the motion along the inclined plane is observed, the vessel is
accelerated up along the inclined plane.
A. 5.00° B. 7.97° C. 11.78° D. 14.51°

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HYDRA 325 – MIDTERM EXAMINATION
 23. (4 points) A closed horizontal cylindrical tank 2.0 m in diameter and 3.5 m high is completely
filled with fluid whose specific gravity is 1.3. If the allowable force at the rear wall of the tank is 85
kN, how fast can the cylindrical tank be accelerated horizontally along its longitudinal axis in
meters per second squared?
A. 1.122 𝑚/𝑠 2 B. 3.144 𝑚/𝑠 2 C. 4.928 𝑚/𝑠 2 D. 5.946 𝑚/𝑠 2
24. (4 points) A closed cylindrical tank, 6 feet in diameter and 12 feet high contains water to a depth
of 10 feet. It is rotated about its own vertical axis with a constant angular speed, ω, which is equal
to 210 revolutions per minute. How much area at the bottom is not covered by the liquid?
A. 0.701 𝑓𝑡 2 B. 2.202 𝑓𝑡 2 C. 3.948 𝑓𝑡 2 D. 5.264 𝑓𝑡 2

SITUATION 6: (15 points)

A buoy is designed with a square prism bottom and a square pyramidal top. The base of both the prism
and the pyramid is a square with side equal to 2 meters. The square prism has a height of 1.25 meter
while the pyramid is 2 meters high. The mass of the buoy is 6320 kg.
25. (3 points) Locate the center of gravity of the buoy as measured from the tip of the pyramid.
A. 2.176 𝑚 B. 2.234 𝑚 C. 2.455 𝑚 D. 2.641 𝑚
26. (3 points) Compute for the draft of the buoy when placed in freshwater.
A. 0.407 𝑚 B. 1.593 𝑚 C. 1.657 𝑚 D. 2.843 𝑚
27. (4 points) Locate the center of gravity of the buoy as measured from the tip of the pyramid when
it is placed in freshwater.
A. 2.176 𝑚 B. 2.234 𝑚 C. 2.413 𝑚 D. 2.455 𝑚
28. (5 points) Compute for the metacentric height of the buoy.
A. 0.432 𝑚 B. 0.343 𝑚 C. 0.221 𝑚 D. 0.010 𝑚

*** END OF EXAMINATION ***

Prepared by:

JOHN VINCENT G. TONGOL, RCE, MEnM APRIL 25, 2022

Instructor I, HYDRA 325, CE Department Date

Reviewed by:

BENJAMIN S. GUIAO, RCE APRIL 25, 2022

Associate Professor II, HYDRA 325, CE Department Date

JUANITY CARMELITA R. ZOLETA, RCE APRIL 25, 2022

Associate Professor II, HYDRA 325, CE Department Date

MA. ANGELU S. CASTRO, RCE APRIL 25, 2022

Instructor I, HYDRA 325, CE Department Date

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HYDRA 325 – MIDTERM EXAMINATION
 AARON S. MALONZO, RCE, MEnM APRIL 25, 2022
Instructor I, HYDRA 325, CE Department Date

PRINCESS KIMBERLY C. SABINIANO, RCE APRIL 25, 2022

Instructor I, HYDRA 325, CE Department Date

Evaluated by:

IRENE R. ROQUE, RCE, MEng-SE APRIL 25, 2022

Chairperson, CE Department Date

Approved by:

JUN P. FLORES, PECE, MEP-EE APRIL 25, 2022

Dean, CEA Date

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HYDRA 325 – MIDTERM EXAMINATION