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Past Perfect - Merged

The document explains the use of the past perfect tense, providing examples and exercises for practice. It also covers modal verbs, their meanings, and how they are used in sentences. Additionally, it includes exercises for practicing the correct forms of modal verbs and their applications in various contexts.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
8 views6 pages

Past Perfect - Merged

The document explains the use of the past perfect tense, providing examples and exercises for practice. It also covers modal verbs, their meanings, and how they are used in sentences. Additionally, it includes exercises for practicing the correct forms of modal verbs and their applications in various contexts.

Uploaded by

merveabul98
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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We use the past perfect when we are

already talking about the past and we


´go back´ to say that something had
happened before.

THE FORM USAGE


had / hadn’t + the past participle Study the examples :
I had done it. She was afraid because she had never flown before.
She hadn’t done it. He loved the house. He had lived there all his life.
Had they done it ? After we had done our HW, we went to bed.
They had left before I could say anything.
She said she hadn’t written it .
Had you checked the mail before you sent it ?

Match the sentence halves using the past simple and past perfect . Use WHEN or AFTER.
e.g. After / when they had done their HW, they could play PC games.

They ate the dinner. She finally took the red one.
She felt much better. He finished eating.
Jack decided to have a rest. They did their homework.
They went to a pub to celebrate it. I lent it to Sophie.
The bank clerk called the police. Mandy could leave the hospital.
I finished reading the magazine. He painted the hall and the kitchen.
Lisa tried on five sweaters. Mark cleared the table.
Peter asked for a cup of coffee. Rita took a hot bath.
She completely recovered. They won the match.
They could play PC games. The robbers left.

Finish the sentences using the past perfect : Answer the questions using the past perfect :
1. Sue didn’t pass the exams because… 1. Why was she so excited ?
2. When we got to the party… 2. Why did he feel tired ?
3. Why was the fridge empty ?
3. Mark was broke because… 4. Why were you sick ?
4. By the time Lara finally got up… 5. Why wasn’t she at the
5. I didn’t want to see her because…. party ?
6. When I called for the job… 6. What did he learn when
he called the office ?
7. By the time the film finished…
8. Did you go home after …?

Rewrite the sentences using the past simple and past perfect :
1.She soon (realize) that she (spend) all her money.
2.He (be) tired because he (not eat) anything since the morning.
3.When all the guests (leave) I (start) tidying.
4.As soon as Jack (eat) his ice-cream he (go) to buy another one.
5.The police never (find out) where he (hide) the money.
6.We (not recognize) her. She (cut) her hair.
7. She (be) very upset because he (not answer) her e-mails.
8. I (know) my wife for 5 years before we finally (marry) in 2009.
9. The film already (start) when we (arrive).

iSLCollective.com
ANSWER KEY :

1. After/when they had eaten dinner, Mark cleared the table.


2. After/when Rita had taken a hot bath, she felt much better.
3. When/after he had painted the hall and the kitchen, Jack decided to have a rest.
4. After/when they had won the match, they went to a pub to celebrate it.
5. After/when the robbers had left, the bank clerk called the police.
6. After/when I had finished reading the magazine, I lent it to Sophie.
7. After/when Lisa had tried on 5 sweaters, she finally took the red one.
8. After/when he had finished eating, Peter asked for a cup of coffee.
9. After/when she had completely recovered, Mandy could leave the hospital.

1. realized , had spent


2. was, hadn’t eaten
3. had left, started
4. had eaten, went
5. found out, had hidden
6. didn’t recognize, had cut
7. was, hadn’t answered
8. had known, married
9. had started, arrived

iSLCollective.com
WHAT ARE THEY?
They are common auxiliary verbs
MODAL VERBS
used to express the speaker’s
subjective attitudes and opinions
that include : WHEN ARE THEY USED?
POSSIBILITY, IMPOSSIBILITY We DON’T normally use modal verbs to say that a
PROBABILITY, NECESSITY (OR LACK OF) situation definitely exists. We use them to talk about…
OBLIGATION, (OR LACK  THINGS WHICH WE EXPECT, “He may pass his driving

OF)PERMISSION, PROHIBITION test”


ABILITY, INABILITY, DESIRE,…  WHICH ARE OR ARE NOT POSSIBLE, “What would you
do if you won the lottery?”
 WHICH WE THINK ARE NECESSARY, “She must tidy up
her room. It’s a mess!”
HOW ARE THEY USED?  WHICH WE WANT TO HAPPEN, I think you ought to see
 They are used before the infinitives of other verbs without the
a doctor”
preposition TO, except OUGHT.
 WHICH WE ARE NO SURE ABOUT, She could be here in
 They have no –S in the 3rd person singular.
a minute, nobody knows”
 Questions, negatives, tags and short answers are made
 WHICH TEND TO HAPPEN, “London can be very cold in
WITHOUT “DO”
winter
 They don’t have infinitives or participles and they don’t normally
 WHICH HAVE NOT HAPPENED. I can’t swim. He might
have past forms (though WOULD, COULD, SHOULD, and MIGHT
have told me he wasn’t coming. I think she should
can sometimes be used as the past tense of WILL, CAN, SHALL
have cancelled her account.
and MAY. Other expressions are used when necessary (BE ABLE
TO, HAVE TO, BE ALLOWED TO). QUASI-MODAL VERBS. WHAT ARE THEY? They are similar to
 Certain past ideas can be expressed by a MODAL+ PERFECT modal verbs in the English language that express modality, also
INFINITIVE.
referred to as semi-modal verbs, the four quasi-modal verbs in
English are: ought to/ used to / would rather /had better
HOW MANY ARE THERE?

CAN COULD MAY


POSSIBILITY
PRESENT ABILITY= to be able to PAST ABILITY= to be able to
It may rain today.
She can speak perfect Spanish She could speak perfect Spanish
PRESENT PERMISSION
PRESENT PERMISSION=to be allowed to) PAST PERMISSION=be allowed to
May I go to the cinema?
Can I buy a new video game? I could go out last night. POLITE SUGGESTION
REQUEST “Can you just wait a minute, please?” POLITE QUESTION
May I help you?
OFFER “I can lend you the book”. Could I go to the cinema, please? PROHIBITION: MAY NOT
SUGGESTION POLITE REQUEST
You may not use my mobile.
Can we celebrate Christmas abroad? Could you just wait a minute, please?
POSSIBILITY POLITE OFFER
It can be very hot in winter here. I could lend you the book. MIGHT
POLITE SUGGESTION POSSIBILITY (less possible than may)
CERTAINTY (negative)
Could we celebrate Christmas abroad It might rain today.
He can’t be at home. It’s too early
POSSIBILITY OFFER
It could get very hot in Montana. Might I help you?

MUST SHALL
FORCE, NECESSITY WILL OFFERS
I must go to the supermarket today. REQUEST, DEMAND, ORDER (less Shall I help you with the laundry?
POSSIBILITY
polite than would)
You must be tired.
Will you please shut the door? WOULD
ADVICE
PREDICTION REQUEST (more polite than will)
You must see the new James Bond film.
I think it will rain on Friday. Would you shut the door, please?
PROHIBITION: MUST NOT
PROMISE HABITS IN THE PAST
You mustn’t use my mobile
I will stop smoking. Sometimes he would bring me some
CERTAINTY
SPONTANEOUS DECISION flowers.
He must be home by now. He left 2 hour ago
Can somebody drive me to the station? –
I will.
HABITS NEED NOT
SHOULD She's strange, she'll sit for hours NOT NECESSARY
ADVICE I needn't call him. I’ve already done it.
without talking.
You should drive carefully in bad weather.
OBLIGATION
You should switch off the light when you WOULD RATHER (SEMI-MODAL)
OUGHT TO (SEMI- MODAL)
leave the room. WISH
ADVICE
I’d rather leave early tomorrow
You ought to drive carefully in bad
weather.
HAD BETTER. (SEMI - MODAL) HAVE TO (SEMI-MODAL) OBLIGATION
ADVICE NECESSITY/OBLIGATION You ought to switch off the light when
You had better leave now LACK OF NECESSITY (PRESENT/PAST/FUT.) you leave the room.
I had to study a lot yesterday.

iSLCollective.com
2. USE HAVE TO, MUST, MUST NOT IN THE CORRECT FORM
1. USE CAN, COULD, BE ABLE TO IN THE CORRECT FORM
1. Yesterday I __________________ to get up very early. I’m
1. _________________you hear that strange noise? It’s so annoying!
so tired now
2. My wife __________________play tennis quite well.
2. She will______________ wait at the queue like everyone else.
3. My brother ________________read when he was three years old.
3. Students___________________ be on time for school.
4. ___________________ you tell me what time it is, please?
4. We __________________forget to invite Peter to the party.
5. Last night my grandfather _______________walk without any help.
5. You ___________ be careful in this area at night; It’s quite
6. I would like to _________________________play the piano.
dangerous.
7. After many tries he______________ get his driving license.
6. You ________try on a different size. This dress doesn’t fit
8. I'll _____________________________help you later.
you.
9. Can you help me? I ___________ understand what he’s taking about.
7. The doctor __________________get here as soon as he can.
10. Man ____________________________live forever one day?
8. ___________ you _____________ go to school next week?
3.CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION. 9. Drivers______________ remember to signal when they turn.
1. You (may/would)________________ leave if you wish. 10 . You ________________leave your clothes all over the floor
2. (Could/May)________________ you open the window a bit, please? like this. You are so untidy!
3. (May/Can)________________ you play the violin?
4. You (may not/could not)________________ speak during the exam.
5. You (can't/ must not)________________ smoke on the bus. 5. FILL THE GAPS WITH HAVE TO, MUST OR SHOULD.
6. (Should/May)________________ I make a call on your mobile? 1. You _____________ eat pasta if you want to lose wait.
7. Do you know if Mark (can/would)________________ come? 2. If you don't want to buy those shoes you ______ buy them.
8. (Can't/May)________________ I sit here, please? 3. You _________________ play with matches! It’s dangerous
9. You can tell your friends they (can/could)stay the night if they want to. 4. I haven't heard from Anna for ages. Maybe I ________ give
10.I'm sorry but you (can't/may)__________ use the computer now her a ring.
5. You ____________ remember your passport. Otherwise they
won't let you on the plane.
4. FILL THE GAPS WITH NEED, DON’T NEED OR SHOULD. 6. The weather will be fine this weekend. We ________ go on a
1. Remember you ___________________ a tent if you go camping. picnic.
2. You ___________________buy any milk. I've already bought some. 7. You ________ stay on your own so late at night. It's
3. You _________say sorry to your mum, you haven’t behaved properly. extremely dangerous.
4. You ________________do the washing up. I'll do it later. 8. You ____________________come if you don't feel like it.
5. We______________ pay for the tickets, they are free. 9. Anna said she was coming after work so she____________
6. If you want to pass all your exams, you ______________study hard. be here by six.
7. You __________ go and visit you grandpa. He’ll be happy to see you. 10. I__________ be at the meeting at 4:00. I won’t be on time.
11. While hiking in Alaska, you __________keep an eye out for
6. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT MODAL (POSITIVE bears. If you see one, you______________ approach it.
OR NEGATIVE) 12. I _______________go to work tomorrow because it is
CAN COULD MAY MIGHT MUST SHOULD HAVE TO Memorial Day. The best thing about a day off from work is
1. I have travelled a lot and I _____________ speak many languages. that I _____________get up at 6:00;
2. I understand you perfectly. You ________________to say it again.
3. They haven’t decided where to go on holidays but they_______ go to
Greece. 7. MIGHT / MUST / SHOULD / HAVE TO
4. You___________(not) read in the car. You_____________ get sick. 1. Yesterday, I ___________cram all day for my French final.
5. She______(not) eat so much chocolate if she wants to keep in good I didn't get to sleep until after midnight.
shape. 2. We had better call Tony to see if he's at home before we go
6. I ______________ hear you. Speak louder, please. over to his house. He _____________be there and we
7. It's later than I thought. I ______________go before it gets dark. don't want to drive all the way over there for nothing.
9. Talk to me. I'm sure I________________ help you. 3. At first, my boss didn't want to hire Sam. But, because I
10. You ______________ (not) do the ironing, Anne has already done it. had previously worked with Sam, I told my boss that he
11. You ____________be very tired because you have worked very hard. _______take another look at his resume.
12. Paul __________come to my birthday party because he is in hospital. 4. You ______worry so much. It doesn't do you any good.
13. You_______________ go to the dentist when you have a toothache. Either you get the job, or you don't. If you don't, just apply
14. You _____________(not) do it now. You ________ do it tomorrow. for another one
15. __________________you speak any European language? 5. I would love to go on the cruise to Tahiti with Robin and
16. I don't know yet but I _____________go to London this weekend. Michelle. But such a luxurious trip__________ cost a
17. Smoking is bad for you health. You ________________ give it up. fortune.
19. You have got plenty of time. You __________________(not) hurry. 6. Nate: Oh no! I completely forgot we were supposed to pick
20. You _____________have a passport to visit some foreign countries. Jenny up at the airport, Barbara: She ________still be
21. He speaks a lot of languages but he __________(not) speak Chinese. there waiting for us.
22. It _____________________rain. It’s very cloudy. 7. Ingrid received a scholarship to Yale University, which will
cover 100% of the tuition. She ___________ worry at all
about the increasing cost of education.
8. FILL THE GAPS WITH HAD/'D BETTER OR WOULD/'D RATHER.
8. When I was a child my grandmother was continually
1. It's getting dark. You__________________ go back now.
correcting our manners. She always used to say, "One
2. A: Can I borrow your dress? B: You_______________ not!
_______eat with one's mouth open." "One _________rest
3. A: Can I invite my friends? B: I_________________ you didn't.
one's elbows on the table." I've redone this math problem at
4. You know, I______________ you didn't smoke in front of the kids.
least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the
5. You___________________ put on your coat; It’s showing now
answer key. The answer in the book ______________be
7. We___________ you didn't come home so late.
wrong!
8. You __________________finish the project on time.

iSLCollective.com
9. FILL THE GAPS WITH EITHER DON'T/DOESN’T HAVE TO OR MUSTN'T IN 10. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING: CAN/COULD/HAVE
THE CORRECT FORM. TO/MUST/MIGHT/SHOULD
1. Anna! You ___________________be so rude! 2. Ned: _________________I borrow your lighter for a minute?
2. Tommy! You _____________ do that. It's really disgusting. Stephen: Sure, no problem. Actually, you _______keep it if you want
3. You _________________ be here at six. You can arrive later. to. I've given up smoking.
4. Ian__________________ go to church if he doesn't want to. 3. I _________believe she said that to Megan! She ________ have
5. You _________________ drive so fast. You'll get fined. insulted her cooking in front of everyone at the party last night. She
6. Helen _________shout at everyone. People are scared of her. _________have just said she was full or had some salad if she
7. David _________ answer your emails. There's no law about it. didn't like the meal.
8. It's OK. You _________________ pay now. I can wait. 4. Mrs. Scarlett's body was found in the lounge just moments ago,
9. You________________ forget to pay the rent tomorrow and it's still warm! Nobody has left the mansion this evening, so the
10. You___________ to book the tickets for the play in advance. killer _________be someone in this room. It __________be any
11. You _________ wear a tie for the interview. The job is quite one of us!!!
informal. 7. _________you always____________ say the first thing that
12. My teacher told me that the book is optional so I_________ pops into your head? __________ you think once in awhile before
_________read it if I don’t want to. you speak?
13. You __________speak to him like that. He is very sensitive. 8. I was reading the book last night before I went to bed. I never
14. Do you ____________chew with your mouth open like that? took it out of this room. It_________ be lying around here
it's making me sick watching you eat that piece of pizza. somewhere. Where_________ it be?

MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE (A LOGICAL CONCLUSION about an event in the past)
MODAL Alan must have got up very early this morning.
MIGHT / MAY HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE (A GUESS about something which happened in the past)
PERFECTS They might / may have bought a new house.
COULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE (ABILITY TO DO SOMETHING IN THE PAST, not done in the end)
You could have spoken to him about it.
CAN’T HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE (A CERTAINTY that something DID NOT HAPPEN)
He couldn‘t have known about the problem.
SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE (ADVICE which was not followed in the past or UNFULFILLED EXPECTATIONS
He should have listened to me and he would have passed
SHOULDN T HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE (CRITICISM after an event)
You shouldn‘t have gone out without a coat. It’s freezing

WRITE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS USING PERFECT MODALS
1. You ________________________________________________(NOT/SHOUT) at me last night I'll never forgive you.
2. Anne was very upset you didn't go to her birthday party. You _____________________________________(TO GO)
3. No one's answering the phone. They _______________________________________________out. (TO GO)
4. The lights are on. They ________________________________________________________ (ALREADY/ARRIVE)
5. We ______________________________________ you to the party if we had known you were in town. (TO INVITE)
6. If I had gone shopping with you, I'm sure I ________________________________ something. (TO BUY)
7. I __________________________________________ to travel more when I was younger. (TO LOVE)
8. You ________________________________________ to the pub on Saturday. We had a great time. (TO COME)
9. She ___________________________________________ her mind. I'm not sure. (to change)
10 You _________________________________________so much money on CDs. You already have too many (NOT/SPEND)
11. If I had gone on holidays to New Zealand, _______________________________________ (NOT/COME) to work this week.
12. Anna agreed to meet us at the cinema but she wasn’t there. She_______________________________________(WAIT) for us.
13. It _________________________________ (BE) Sam who called this morning and didn't leave a message on the answering machine.
14. If I had gone with my friends to Jamaica, I _________________________________________(TAKE) scuba diving lessons
15. The machine ______________________________(TURN ON) by pushing this button.
16. Her eyes were so red and swollen. She ________________________________________(CRY)
17. If she was crying, she _______________________________(HAVE) a very good reason.
18. This painting ______________________________(NOT/PAINT) by Monet. It could be a forgery.
19. Oh no! Ann's wallet is lying on the coffee table. She ____________________________________(LEAVE) it here last night
20. I don’t know where the book is. Peter _____________________________________(PUT) it somewhere, I’m sure.
21. You_____________________________________(SAY) that to her. She was really annoyed.
22. Sarah: Look at these flowers - they're beautiful! Who could have sent them? Anne: It _____________________________(BE) David.
He's the only one who would send you flowers.
23. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It ______________________________________________ (COST) a fortune.
24. Ann’s flight from Paris took more than 11 hours. She___________________________________(BE) exhausted after such a long flight.
25. If I had gone with my friends to the Caribe, I___________________________________________(BE) sunbathing right now
26. There is no electricity. Something__________________________________________(BE) damaged during the storm.
27. If you had work harder, you__________________________________________________(GET) better results.
28. Six in the morning and nobody home. The _______________________________________(SET UP) for their journey very early
29. Ted: I don't know why Denise started crying when I mentioned the wedding.
Pamela: It __________________________(BE) what you said about her brother. Or, perhaps she is just nervous.

iSLCollective.com
EXERCISE 1. COULDN’T / MIGHT NOT
1. When you were a child, you could swim from here to the little
island in the middle of the river, (COULDN'T/MIGHT NOT) you?
At least, that's what your father told me.
2. She (COULDN'T/ MIGHT NOT) possibly be the winner of the
talent show! The other acts were much better than hers.
3. Frank and Sarah (COULDN'T/MIGHT NOT) get tickets to the
concert. The concert was sold out a little over an hour after
tickets went on sale.
4. I heard that band is really popular, and tickets sell out quickly.
You (COULDN'T/MIGHT NOT) get tickets if you wait too long.
5. That concert has been sold out for weeks. You
(COULDN'T/MIGHT NOT) get tickets even if you knew the band
personally. It's impossible!
6. It (COULDN'T/MIGHT NOT) be a bad idea to get a car alarm
for your new sports car. New cars tend to attract thieves.
7. That (COULDN'T/MIGHT NOT) possibly be Mr. Jones. He's
lost so much weight that he looks like a completely different
person.
8. You (COULDN'T/MIGHT NOT) do the job if you didn't speak
Arabic fluently.
9. Jane and Bill (COULDN'T/MIGHT NOT) have gotten the
invitation to the party. Perhaps, that's why they didn't show up.
10. I (COULDN'T/MIGHT NOT) have left my keys at Simon's
house. I wouldn't have been able to drive home if I had done that.
They must be somewhere here in the apartment. Let's keep
looking.

iSLCollective.com

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