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Physics Presentation Overview

The document explains the process of drawing DC and AC equivalent circuits for analyzing transistor amplifiers. For DC analysis, AC sources are removed and capacitors are treated as open circuits, while for AC analysis, DC sources are removed and capacitors are treated as short circuits. The document outlines the main components involved in both circuits and provides a common emitter amplifier example.

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detectivemehul2006
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0 views

Physics Presentation Overview

The document explains the process of drawing DC and AC equivalent circuits for analyzing transistor amplifiers. For DC analysis, AC sources are removed and capacitors are treated as open circuits, while for AC analysis, DC sources are removed and capacitors are treated as short circuits. The document outlines the main components involved in both circuits and provides a common emitter amplifier example.

Uploaded by

detectivemehul2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics Presentation Overview

DC Equivalent Circuit

The DC equivalent circuit is used to analyze the biasing


conditions of the transistor. Here are the steps to draw the DC
equivalent circuit:
1. Remove all AC sources: This means setting any AC
voltage sources to zero (short circuit).
2. Replace capacitors with open circuits: Since capacitors
block DC, they are replaced with open circuits in the DC
equivalent.
In the DC equivalent circuit, the main components are:
 DC power supply (Vcc): Provides the necessary voltage
for the transistor to operate.
 Biasing resistors (R1, R2): These resistors form a voltage
divider network to set the base voltage.
 Transistor (Q1): The active device that amplifies the
signal.
AC Equivalent Circuit
The AC equivalent circuit is used to analyze the signal
amplification properties of the transistor. Here are the steps
to draw the AC equivalent circuit:
1. Remove all DC sources: This means setting any DC
voltage sources to zero (short circuit).
2. Replace capacitors with short circuits: Since capacitors
pass AC signals, they are replaced with short circuits in
the AC equivalent.
In the AC equivalent circuit, the main components are:
 AC signal source (Vin): The input signal that needs to be
amplified.
 Coupling capacitors: These capacitors block DC and
allow AC signals to pass.
 Transistor (Q1): The active device that amplifies the
signal.
 Load resistor (RL): The resistor connected to the
collector, which determines the output voltage.
Example: Common Emitter Amplifier
For a common emitter amplifier, the DC and AC equivalent
circuits can be visualized as follows:
DC Equivalent Circuit
 Vcc: Connected to the collector through the load resistor
( R_C ).
 Voltage divider biasing: Resistors ( R_1 ) and ( R_2 ) set
the base voltage.
 Emitter resistor ( R_E ): Provides stability to the biasing.
AC Equivalent Circuit

Input signal ( V_{in} ): Applied to the base through a coupling


capacitor.
 Bypass capacitor ( C_E ): Connected across ( R_E ) to
provide a low impedance path for AC signals.
 Output signal ( V_{out} ): Taken from the collector
through a coupling capacitor.


Physics Presentation Overview

D.C. and A.C. Equivalent


Circuits
To analyse the action of a transistor in a simple
way, the analysis is divided into two parts such
as; d.c. analysis and a.c. analysis.
In d.c. analysis, we will consider all the d.c.
sources at the same time and work out the d.c.
currents voltages in the circuit.
Similarly, in a.c. analysis, we will consider all the
a.c. sources at the same time and work out the
a.c. currents and voltages .
For this analysis let us consider the amplifier
circuit shown in fig. below .
(1) D.C. Equivalent Circuit
In the d.c. equivalent circuit of a transistor
amplifier, only d.c. conditions must be
considered.
So let us assume there is no signal applied to the
circuit.
Since, d.c. currents can not pass through the
capacitors, hence, all the capacitors look like
open circuits in the d.c. equivalent circuit.
Therefore, to draw the d.c. equivalent circuit, the
following two steps are applied to the transistor
amplifier circuit :
1.Make all the a.c. sources zero/Remove all the
a.c sources
2.Open all the capacitors
Applying these two steps to the circuit shown in
fig.3, we will get the d.c. equivalent circuit as
shown in fig. below.

Now we can easily calculate the d.c. currents and


voltages from this circuit.
(2) A.C. Equivalent Circuit
In the a.c. equivalent circuit of a transistor
amplifier, only a.c. conditions must be
considered.
In this case, d.c. voltage is not so important
hence, may be assumed to be zero.
The capacitors are used in the circuit to couple or
bypass the a.c. signal.
The capacitors are generally taken of large
values so as to appear as short circuits to the a.c.
signal.
Therefore, to draw the a.c. equivalent circuit, the
following two steps are applied to the transistor
amplifier circuit :
1.Make all the d.c. sources zero/Remove all the
d.c. sources
2.Short all the capacitors
Applying these two steps to the circuit shown in
fig.3, we will get the a.c. equivalent circuit as
shown in fig. below.

Now we can easily calculate the a.c. currents and


voltages from this circuit.

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