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Experiment 4

The document outlines the implementation of Dijkstra's algorithm for computing the shortest path in a network. It describes the algorithm's steps, including creating a shortest path tree, initializing distances, and updating distances based on adjacent vertices. Additionally, it provides a C program that implements the algorithm using an adjacency matrix to represent the graph and outputs the shortest distances and paths from a specified starting node.

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koushiksoma05
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4 views

Experiment 4

The document outlines the implementation of Dijkstra's algorithm for computing the shortest path in a network. It describes the algorithm's steps, including creating a shortest path tree, initializing distances, and updating distances based on adjacent vertices. Additionally, it provides a C program that implements the algorithm using an adjacency matrix to represent the graph and outputs the shortest distances and paths from a specified starting node.

Uploaded by

koushiksoma05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 4

AIM: Implement Dijsktra‘s algorithm to compute the shortest path through a network

Theory: Dijkstra‘s algorithm is very similar to Prim‘s algorithm for minimum


spanning tree. Like Prim‘s MST, we generate a SPT (shortest path tree) with given
source as root. We maintain two sets, one set contains vertices included in shortest
path tree, other set includes vertices not yet included in shortest path tree. At every
step of the algorithm, we find a vertex which is in the other set (set of not yet
included) and has a minimum distance from the source. Below are the detailed steps
used in Dijkstra‘s algorithm to find the shortest path from a single source vertex to
all other vertices in the given graph.

Algorithm
1) Create a set sptSet (shortest path tree set) that keeps track of vertices
included in shortest path tree, i.e., whose minimum distance from source is
calculated and finalized. Initially, this set is empty.
2) Assign a distance value to all vertices in the input graph. Initialize all
distance values as INFINITE. Assign distance value as 0 for the source
vertex so that it is picked first.
3) While sptSet doesn‘t include all vertices
….a) Pick a vertex u which is not there in sptSet and has minimum distance value.
….b) Include u to sptSet.
….c) Update distance value of all adjacent vertices of u. To update the distance
values, iterate through all adjacent vertices. For every adjacent vertex v, if sum of
distance value of u (from

source) and weight of edge u-v, is less than the distance value of v, then update the
distance value of v.
#include <stdio.h>
#define INFINITY 9999
#define MAX 10

void dijkstra(int G[MAX][MAX], int n, int startnode);

int main() {
int G[MAX][MAX], i, j, n, u;

printf("Enter the number of vertices: ");


scanf("%d", &n);

printf("\nEnter the adjacency matrix:\n");


for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
scanf("%d", &G[i][j]);
}
}

printf("\nEnter the starting node: ");


scanf("%d", &u);

dijkstra(G, n, u);

return 0;
}

void dijkstra(int G[MAX][MAX], int n, int startnode) {


int cost[MAX][MAX], distance[MAX], pred[MAX];
int visited[MAX], count, mindistance, nextnode, i, j;

// Create the cost matrix


for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
if (G[i][j] == 0) {
cost[i][j] = INFINITY;
} else {
cost[i][j] = G[i][j];
}
}
}

// Initialize pred[], distance[], and visited[]


for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
distance[i] = cost[startnode][i];
pred[i] = startnode;
visited[i] = 0;
}

distance[startnode] = 0;
visited[startnode] = 1;
count = 1;

while (count < n - 1) {


mindistance = INFINITY;
// Find the next node with the minimum distance
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (distance[i] < mindistance && !visited[i]) {
mindistance = distance[i];
nextnode = i;
}
}

visited[nextnode] = 1;

// Update distance[] if a better path is found


for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (!visited[i]) {
if (mindistance + cost[nextnode][i] < distance[i]) {
distance[i] = mindistance + cost[nextnode][i];
pred[i] = nextnode;
}
}
}

count++;
}

// Print the path and distance of each node


for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (i != startnode) {
printf("\nDistance of node %d = %d", i, distance[i]);
printf("\nPath = %d", i);

j = i;
do {
j = pred[j];
printf(" <- %d", j);
} while (j != startnode);
}
}
printf("\n");
}

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