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Concrete

Concrete, derived from the Latin word 'concretus', is a key building material made from cement, aggregates, and water, used in various construction applications. It has high compressive strength, is economical, and can be classified into types such as plain, reinforced, and pre-stressed concrete based on design and binding materials. While concrete offers advantages like durability and low maintenance, it also has disadvantages such as low tensile strength and susceptibility to cracking.

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2 views4 pages

Concrete

Concrete, derived from the Latin word 'concretus', is a key building material made from cement, aggregates, and water, used in various construction applications. It has high compressive strength, is economical, and can be classified into types such as plain, reinforced, and pre-stressed concrete based on design and binding materials. While concrete offers advantages like durability and low maintenance, it also has disadvantages such as low tensile strength and susceptibility to cracking.

Uploaded by

Roshan Kumar Das
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CONCRETE

 INTRODUCTION: The word concrete comes from Latin word


“concretus” meaning compact or condensed. Concrete is the
major building material and used in modern building
constructions. It’s a mixture of cement, fine aggregate, coarse
aggregate, chemical admixtures and water. It is used in making
pavements, pipes , foundations, , bridges motorways/roads,
architectural structures, bricks and footings for gates, fences
and pole.
 PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE:
1. High compressive strength and Free from corrosion
2. No appreciable effect of atmospheric agents
3. Hardens with age and the process of hardening
continues for a long time after the concrete has
attained sufficient strength
4. More economical than steel
5. Binds rapidly with steel and it is weak in tension.
Steel reinforcement is placed in cement concrete at
suitable places to take up the tensile stress and this
is termed as RCC
6. Has a tendency to shrink due to loss of water
through forms, absorption by surfaces of forms, etc
7. Shrinkage of cement concrete occurs as it hardens
8. Has a tendency to be porous due to the presence of
voids which are formed during and after its placing.
9. It has a hard surface, capable of resisting abrasion
and requires careful attention in manufacturing,
placing and curing
10. Final strength and quality depend entirely on
local conditions and persons handling it
11. Concrete members like beams and columns
are bigger and heavier than steel members .
12. To avoid porosity tendency there should be
proper grading and compaction of the aggregates

 TYPES OF CONCRETE:
A. Classification according to design of concrete:
1) Plain Cement concrete : The cement concrete in which no
reinforcement is provided is called plain cement concrete or mass
cement concrete. This type of concrete is strong in taking
compressive stresses but weak in taking tensile stresses. It is used
in for foundation work and flooring of buildings.
2) Reinforced Cement concrete: The cement concrete in which
reinforcement is embedded for taking tensile stress is called
reinforced cement concrete. In this type of concrete the steel
reinforcement is to be used generally in the form of round bars.
This concrete is equally strong in taking tensile, compressive and
shear stresses. Usual proportions of ingredients in a reinforced
concrete are 1part of cement: 1-2parts of sand: 2-4parts of
crushed stones or gravel. It is used in construction of slabs,
beams, columns, foundation, precast concrete.
3) Pre stressed Cement concrete : The cement concrete in
which high compressive stresses are artificially induced before
their actual use is called pre-stresses cement concrete. In this
type of cement concrete, the high compressive stresses are
induced by pre-tensioning the reinforcement before placing the
concrete, and the reinforcement is released when final setting of
the concrete take place. This concrete can take up high tensile
and compressive stresses without development of cracks. The
quantity of reinforcement can be considerably reduced by using
this concrete.
B. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO BINDING MATERIAL
1) Lime Concrete
Lime concrete uses Lime as the binding material. Lime is usually mixed with
surki and khoa or stones in the proportion 1:2:5 unless otherwise specified.
The khoa or stones are soaked in water before mixing. Lime concrete is
used mainly in foundation and terrace roofing.
2) Cement Concrete
Most engineering construction uses cement concrete composites as the
main building material. It consists of cement, sand, brick chips or stone chips
of the required size. The usual proportion is 1:2:4 or 1:3:6. After mixing the
required amounts of materials, the concrete mix is cured with water for 28
days for proper strength building.

 WATER - CEMENT RATIO: In the preparation of


concrete the water cement ratio is very important .For
normal construction the water cement ratio is usually 0.5.
Adding to much water will reduce the strength of concrete
and can cause seggregation. For different ratio of concrete ,
the amount of water for 50kg of cement is Concrete ratio
1:3:6 with water quantity 30litre , Concrete ratio of 1:2:4 with
water quantity 27litre.
 PROS AND CONS OF CONCRETE:
Advantages-
1. Concrete is economical.
2. Concrete hardens at ambient temperature.
3. Ability to be cast into shape.
4. Energy efficiency in production.
5. Excellent water resistant characteristics.
6. High-temperature resistance.
7. Ability to consume and recycle waste.
8. Application in reinforced concrete.
9. Low or zero maintenance required.
Disadvantages-
1. Concrete possess low tensile strength. Therefore
concrete is required to be reinforced to avoid cracks.
2. In long structures, expansion joints are required to be
provided if there is large temperature variance in the
area.
3. Due to drying shrinkage and moisture expansion concrete
may crack. Therefore construction joints are provided to
avoid these types of cracks.
4. If soluble salt is present in concrete then it may lead to
efflorescence when comes in contact with moisture.
5. Concrete made with ordinary Portland cement, gets
integrated in the presence of alkalies, sulphates etc.
6. Sustained loads develop creep in structures.

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