MURANG’A HIGH SCHOOL

CHEMISTRY FORM 4
APRIL HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT - 2025

SET 1. PAPER 1
1. Name the process which takes place when:-
(i) Iodine changes directly from gas to solid. (1mk)

(ii) Fe 2+ (aq) changes to Fe 3+ (aq) (1mk)

(iii) White sugar changes to black solid when mixed with excess concentrated sulphuric (IV) acid.
(1mk)

2. The apparatus below was set up for the reaction of catalytic oxidation of ammonia. Study it and
answer the questions that follow.

(i) Write an equation for the reaction that take place in the gas jar. (1mk)

(ii) What is the role of hot nichrome wire. (1mk)

(iii) Write the formula of the complex ion formed when excess ammonia gas is passed through a
solution containing Zn2+ ions. (1mk)

3. 9.12g of a gaseous compound contains 8g of silicon while the rest is hydrogen.

Determine expirical formula of the compound. (Si = 28, H = 1) (3mks)
4. The set-up below was used to study some properties of air.

a) Draw a well labeled diagram showing the observation made after five days. (3mks)

5. 16g of ethanol (C2H5OH) were completely burnt in air. The heat evolved caused the temperature of
600cm3 of water to change from 200C to 850C. Calculate the molar enthalpy of combustion of
ethanol. (H = 1, C= 12, O = 16, S.H.C = 4.2Kj/Kg/k) (3mks)

6. Calculate the volume of oxygen produced when 10g of silver nitrate was completely decomposed by
heating at s.t.p. (Ag= 108, N = 14, O = 16, M.G.V. at s.t.p = 22.4dm3) (3mks)

7. A radioactive substance underwent decay as shown below.

230 230 z
X P  2 S
92 94
 (i) Identify particle S (1mk)

(ii) List two properties of particle S (2mks)

8. a) What is fractional crystallization? (1mk)

b) The table below gives the solubility of X and Y at 00C and at 450C.
Salt Solubility in g/100g of water
00C 450C
X 53 73
Y 10 11

A solution containing 57g of X and 8g of Y in 100g of water at 700C was cooled to 00C. Some crystals were
observed.
i) Identify the crystals formed. (1mk)

ii) Calculate the mass of the crystals formed. (1mk)

9. Complete the table below.

Metal Aluminium Lead Sodium

Chief Ore Bauxite i) Rock Salt
Chemical formula ii) iii) iv)
Method of extraction v) Reduction vi)

i) (1/2mk) ii) (1/2mk) iii) (1/2mk)

iv) (1/2mk) v) (1/2mk) vi) (1/2mk)

10. The molecular formula of a hydrocarbon is C6H14. It can be converted into two smaller hydrocarbons
as shown below.

C6H14 X + C3H8
a) Name the process through which C6H14 is converted to X and C3H8. (1mk)

b) Name X and draw the structural formula. (1mk)

 c) Write the chemical equation for the complete combustion of C3H8. (1mk)

11. Use the information below to answer the equations that follow.
Al 3+ + 3e- Al(s) E0 = -1.66V
Fe2+ + 2e- Fe(s) E0 = -0.44V
a) Calculate the e.m.f. of the cell formed by combining the two half cells. (1mk)

b) Why is it not advisable to keep a solution of iron (II) nitrate in a container made of Aluminium?

(2mks)

12. Study the diagram below which shows energy level diagram.

Na+ (g) + Cl- (g)

ΔH2 = -690kJ/Mol
ΔH1
Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
Energy

ΔH3 = +20kJ/Mol
NaCl(s)

Reaction path
(i) Name enthalpy (2mks)
ΔH1

ΔH2

(ii) Calculate the ΔH1 from the energy level diagram. (1mk)
13. Starting with copper powder describe how pure copper (II) carbonate can be prepared. (3mks)

14. The graph below is a plot of concentration against time for a given reaction.

i) What is represented by curve X? Explain. (1mk)

ii) Explain why curve Y drops fast initially. (1mk)

iii) What does point Z represent on the curve? (1mk)

15. The table below gives some of properties of the three elements in Group (VII) in the periodic table.
The letters do not represent the actual symbols of elements. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.

Element Melting point 0C Boiling point 0C

W -101 -34.7
P -7 58.8
S 114 184

a) Which element is a gas at room temperature? Give a reason. (1mk)

 b) Explain why the boiling point of P is higher than that of W? (1mk)

c) In which chemical family do W, P, S belong to? (1mk)

16. (a) State the product of electrolysis of molten copper (II) chloride at the cathode. (1mk)

b) Explain why the solid copper (II) chloride does not conduct electric current but does it
in molten form. (1mk)

c) Explain why mercury is not an electrolyte? (1mk)

17. Describe how to prepare crystals of potassium sulphate starting with 50cm3 of 1M potassium
hydroxide. (3mks)

18. In an experiment dry hydrogen gas was passed over heated lead (II) oxide as shown in the diagram
below.

a) Name liquid Q (1mk)

b) State the observation made at the jet. (1mk)

 c) Write an equation for the reaction that takes place in the combustion tube. (1mk)

19. State two differences between non-luminous and luminous flames. (2mks)

Non-luminous Luminous
i) i)
ii) ii)

20. Study the scheme below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Identify solution M and solid D.

i) Solution M (1mk)

ii) Solid D (1mk)

b) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between solution M and excess of ammonia
NH4OH(aq)
(1mk)

21. Carbon (II) oxide gas can be prepared in the laboratory by the process shown below.
Conc. H2SO4
(COOH)2 (aq) CO 2(g) + CO(g) + H2O(l)

a) State the function of con. H2SO4 in the equation above. (1mk)

b) How would you remove carbon (IV) oxide from the mixture of carbon (IV) oxide and carbon (II)
oxide. (1mk)

c) State one industrial use of carbon (II) oxide. (1mk)

22. State observation made when sulphur (IV) oxide is bubbled through.
a) acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution. (1mk)

b) acidified potassium chromate (VI) solution. (1mk)

c) Which property of sulphur (IV) oxide is demonstrated by (a) and (b) above. (1mk)

23. Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow.
Hydrocarbon Number of carbon atoms Relative molecular mass of the hydrocarbon
A 2 28
B 3 42
C 4 56
i) What is a hydrocarbon? (1mk)

ii) Predict the relative molecular mass of the hydrocarbon with 5 carbon atoms and draw its structural
formula.
RMM = (1mk)

Structural formula (1mk)

24. Define the following terms

i) Isomerism (1mk)

ii) Vulcanisation (1mk)

25. The diagram below shows a chromatogram obtained when flower extracts of a given plant were
subjected to chromatography.

N
Flower extract Substance Substance Substance
Y Z
X
 a) Name the parts labeled
M (1mk)
N (1mk)
b) Which substances make up the flower extract? (1mk)

26. Use the information in the table below to answer the questions that follow. The
letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.

Element I II III IV V
Atomic 18 5 3 5 20
number
Mass 40 10 7 11 40
number
a) Which two elements represent isotopes?
Give a reason. (2mks)

b) Calculate the number of neutrons in an atom of element I. (1mk)

27. a) State the Charles’s law. (1mk)

b) The volume of a sample of hydrogen gas at a temperature of 180C and 2.0 x 105 pascals was
4.5 x 10-2 M3. Calculate the temperature at which the volume of the gas would be 2.8 x 10-2M3 at
2.0 x 105 pascals.
(2mks)

28. What is an atom? (1mk)

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SET 2. PAPER 2

1. (a) The Grid below represents part of the periodic table. Study it and
answer the questions that follow. The letters do not represent the actual
symbols of the elements.

X L
Q
Y W

(i) State and explain which element is the most reactive metal.

(2 marks)
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(ii) Element Q forms a compound with X and another with carbon. Write
down the formulae of the two compounds. (2 marks)

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(b) Explain the difference in atomic size of elements Y and W. (2 marks)

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(c) Give a reason why the relative atomic masses of some elements such
as chlorine are not whole numbers,. (1 mark)

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(d) The table below gives elements represented by letters T, U, V, W, X and

Y. The atomic numbers of the elements are also given.

Element T U V W X Y
Atomic number 12 13 14 15 16 17
Electronic arrangement of the ion

Complete the above table by giving the electronic arrangement of the

ion of each of the elements. (6 marks)

2. (a) During the test for nitrates, a brown ring is observed.

Write a chemical formula of the brown ring. (1 mark)

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(b) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.

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 (i) Name element M ______________________________________ (1 mark)

(ii) Why is it necessary to use excess air in step 4.

(1 mark)
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(iii) Identify gas Q ______________________________________ (1 mark)

(iv) Write an equation for reaction in step 7. (1 mark)

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(v) Give one use of ammonium nitrate. (1 mark)

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(vi) State the conditions required in step 4. (1 mark)

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(c ) State and explain the observations that would be made if a sample of

Sulphur is heated with concentrated nitric acid. (2 marks)

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(d) Bleaching by Sulphur (IV) oxide is temporary but bleaching by chlorine is

permanent. Explain. (2 marks)

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3. The diagram below represents the energy change in a reaction between Sulphur
(IV) Oxide and oxygen gases without a catalyst.

(a) Indicate on the diagram the reaction path when a catalyst is used. Give
reasons for your answer. (2 marks)

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(b) State with reason whether the profile represents an exothermic or
endothermic reaction process. (2 marks)

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(c) Study the following exothermic reactions.

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) Nacl(aq) + H2O(l) ; ∆H1

Hcl(g) + NaOH(aq) Nacl(aq) + H2O(l) ; ∆H2
NaOH(s) + (aq) NaOH(aq) ; ∆H3
(i) Which of the ∆H values above is the highest? Give a reason for your
answer. (2 marks)

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(ii) Draw an energy cycle diagram involving ∆H1 ∆H2 and ∆H3

(d) Use the enthalpies of hydration and lattice below to answer the
questions that follow.

Ions / compound kJ/mol

K+ ∆HHyd = -322
Li+ ∆HHyd = -519

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 I- ∆HHyd = -293

Cl- ∆HHyd = -364

KI ∆HLatt = +632

LiCl ∆HLatt = + 846

(i) Calculate the enthalpy of solution of potassium iodide. (3 marks)

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(ii) Represent on an energy level diagram, the enthalpy of solution of

lithium chloride, including its enthalpy of hydration and the reverse of
its lattice energy. (2 marks)

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4. Sodium hydroxide was at one time manufactured by the Gossage Process in

which sodium carbonate and calcium hydroxide were reacted together in solution.

(a) (i) Write the equation for the reaction of sodium carbonate with
calcium hydroxide. (1 mark)

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(ii) Give the name of the process you would use to separate sodium
hydroxide from the other product of the reaction. (1 mark)

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(b) Sodium hydroxide solution reacts with many cations in solution to give
precipitates. Write the ionic equation for the reaction and give the
colour of the precipitate formed, when sodium hydroxide solution reacts
with;

(i) Ion (III) Chloride solution (2 marks)

Equation_______________________________________________________

Colour of precipitate____________________________________________

(ii) Copper (II) Sulphate solution. (2 marks)

Equation_______________________________________________________

Colour of precipitate____________________________________________

(c) Today, sodium hydroxide is manufactured by electrolysis.

(i) Name the raw materials in this process. (1 mark)

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 (ii) State one by-product of the industrial manufacture of sodium
hydroxide. (1 mark)

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5. The rate of radioactive decay (in counts per minute) of an isotope was measured
at intervals over a number of days, the results were as shown in the table below.

Time (days) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Decay rate 1000 820 660 520 420 340 260 170

(a) On the grid provided below, draw a graph of decay rate against time.
(3 marks)

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 (b) From the graph determine the half-life of the radioactive isotope.
(2 marks)
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(c) 12g of the radioactive isotope decayed for a period of 9 days. How
many grams of it remained. (3 marks)

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(d) State one use of radioactive isotope. (1 mark)

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6. Study the oxidation potential of the elements below and answer the
questions that follow. The elements are in their actual symbols.

Half cell E(volts)

Fe(s) / Fe(aq)2+ +0.44

Sn(s) / Sn(aq)2+ +0.14

Ag(s) / Ag(aq)+ -0.80

Fe(s) / Pt / Fe(aq)3+ -0.77

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(a) Identify the strongest reducing agent and the strongest oxidizing agent.

 Strongest reducing agent _________________________(1 mark)

 Strongest Oxidizing agent_________________________(1 mark)

(b) (i) Draw a cell diagram for Fe(s) /Feaq2+ half-cell and Ag(s) / Ag(ag)+ half-
cell. (3 marks)

(ii) Determine the e.m.f of the cell drawn in b(i) above. (2 marks)

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(c) (i) Explain whether or not it is possible to stir a solution of silver ions
with iron spoon. (1 mark)

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(ii) Write the cell notation for Sn(s) / Sn(aq)2+ half-cell and Ag(s)/Ag(aq)+
half-cell

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 (d) State two functions of salt bridge in an electrochemical cell.
(2 marks)
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7. (a) With the help of equations explain how;

(i) Sodium metal reacts with pure ethanol. (1 mark)

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(ii) Ethanol and ethanoic acid reacts when equal volumes of the two
substances are mixed together and warmed with a few drops of
concentrated Sulphuric Acid. (1 mark)

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(b) Explain the meaning of each of the following terms used in the soapy
detergent manufacture.

(i) Saponification (1 mark)

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(ii) Salting out (1 mark)

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(c ) (i) Write the general chemical formula of a soapless detergent.

(1 mark)
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(ii) Explain briefly how soapless detergent removes grease particles

during washing process. (2 marks)

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(iii) State one advantage and one disadvantage of soapless detergent.

 Advantage (1 mark)

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 Disadvantage (1 mark)

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(d) Below is the structure of a polymer Nylon 6,6.

(i) Draw the structure of the monomer of Nylon 6,6. (2 marks)

(ii) Given the molecular mass of Nylon 6,6 is 544. Determine the
number of monomer in Nylon 6,6 (N=14, H=1, C=12, O=16)
(3 marks)

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