(An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

NAME OF THE PROGRAMME B.E. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LEVEL : UG

(Mention, if common)
YEAR/SEMESTER III/VI

REGULATIONS 2022
COURSE CODE ME2602

COURSE NAME FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

FACULTY NAME (Prepared by) Dr. J. RAJAPARTHIBAN Contact 9894031614

NAME OF SUBJECT DR R GANESAMOORTHY Contact 98944 50991
EXPERT(Verified by)

REVISED BLOOMS TAXONOMY(RBT) :

L1- Remembering L2 - Understanding L3 - Applying L4 – Analyzing L5 - Evaluating L6 - Creating

UNIT-I: BASICS OF FEA AND ONE‐DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS

Historical Background – Mathematical Modeling of field problems in Engineering – Governing Equations –
Discrete and continuous models – Boundary, Initial and Eigen Value problems– Weighted Residual Methods
– Variational Formulation of Boundary Value Problems – Ritz Technique – Basic concepts of the Finite
Element Method. One Dimensional Second Order Equations – Discretization – Element types- Linear and
Higher order Elements – Derivation of Shape functions and Stiffness matrices and force vectors- Assembly
of Matrices - Solution of problems from solid mechanics and heat transfer. Longitudinal vibration
frequencies and mode shapes. Fourth Order Beam Equation –Transverse deflections and Natural frequencies
of beams.
PART-A (2-Marks)

S.NO QUESTIONS CO RBT LEVEL

1. State the methods of engineering analysis. CO1 L1
2. What is meant by finite element? CO1 L1
3. What is meant by finite element analysis? CO1 L1
4. Give examples for the finite element. CO1 L1
5. What is meant by node or joint? CO1 L1
6. What is the basis of finite element method? CO1 L2

1
7. What are the types of boundary conditions? CO1 L2
8. State the three phases of finite element method CO1 L2
9. What is a structural and non-structural problem? CO1 L4
10. What are the methods are generally associated with the finite element
CO1 L2
analysis?
11. Explain force method and stiffness method? CO1 L3
12. Why polynomial types of interpolation functions are mostly used in
CO1 L4
FEM?
13. Name the weighted residual methods. CO1 L1
14. What is meant by post processing in FEM? CO1 L3
15. What is Rayleigh-Ritz method? CO1 L1
16. What is meant by discretization and assemblage? CO1 L1
17. Define shape function. CO1 L4
18. Why polynomials are generally used as shape function? CO1 L1
19. Write down the expression of stiffness matrix for one dimensional bar
CO1 L1
element.
20. State the principle of minimum potential energy. CO1 L3
RBT MARK
PART-B ( 13 - Marks)
Level S

21. List and briefly describe the steps of the Finite Element Method CO1 L5 13
A uniform rod subjected to a uniform axial load is illustrated in fig. The
deformation of the bar is governed by the differential equation given
below. Determine the displacement using weighted residual method.

CO1 L6 13

22.
23. The following differential equation is available for a physical CO1 L6 13

2
 phenomenon.

Find the deflection at the centre of the simply supported beam of span
length ‘l’ subjected to uniformly distributed load throughout its length as
shown in figure using (i) point collocation method (ii) sub-domain
method.
24. CO1 L6 13

A simply supported beam is subjected to uniformly distributed load over

25. entire span and it is subjected to a point load at the centre of the span. CO1 L6 13
Calculate the deflection using Rayleigh-Ritz method and compare with
exact solutions.
26. Derive the element level equation for one dimensional bar element based CO1 L6 13
on the stationary of a function.
27. Derive the shape functions for one dimensional linear element using CO1 L6 13
direct method.
A two noded truss element is shown in figure. The nodal displacements
are u1=5mm and u2=8mm. Calculate the displacement at x=l/4, l/3 and
l/2.
28. CO1 L6 13

29. Determine the shape function and element matrices for quadratic bar CO1 L5 13
element
30. Derive the stiffness matrix for 2D truss element. CO1 L5 13
For the two bar truss shown in the figure, determine the displacements of
node 1 and the stress in element 1-3.

31. CO1 L6 13

32. Derive an expression for temperature function and shape function for one CO1 L6 13
dimensional heat conduction element.

3
33. Derive a finite element equation for one dimensional heat conduction CO1 L6 13
with free end convection.
Consider a uniform cross section bar as shown in fig, of length L made
up of material whose young’s modulus and density is given by E and ρ.
Estimate the natural frequencies of axial vibration of the bar using both
consistent and lumped mass matrices.
34. CO1 L5 13

Determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of transverse

vibration for a beam fixed at both ends. The beam may be modeled by
two elements, each of length L and cross-sectional area
35. CO1 L5 13

A simply supported beam is subjected to uniformly distributed load over

36. Entire span. Determine the bending moment and deflection at the mid CO1 L5 13
span using Rayleigh –Ritz method and compare with exact solution. Use
a two term Trial function y=a1sin (πx/l) +a2sin (3πx/l).
The following differential equation is available for a physical
phenomenon (d2y/ dx2)+50 = 0,0 ≤ x ≤10. Trial function is y =a1 x(10-
x). Boundary conditions are y(0) = 0; y(10)=0. Find the value of the
37. parameter a1 by the following methods: 1) Point Collocation 2) Sub CO1 L6 13
Domain 3) Least Square 4) Galerkin method.

List out the advantages, disadvantages and applications of FEA.

38. CO1 L6 13

39. Solve the following differential equation using Ritz method.d2y/dx2 = - CO1 L6 13
sin (πx) boundary conditions u(0) = 0 and u(1) = 0.
For the bar shown in fig, evaluate the nodal displacement, stress in each
Material and reaction forces. L1 = 300mm and L2 = 400mm.
A1=2400mm2,A2=600mm2,P=200kN,E1=70GPa,E2=200GPa
40. CO1 L5 13

RBT
PART-C (15-Marks) CO Marks
Level
4
 The following differential equation is available for a physical
phenomenon (d2y / dx2) +500x2 = 0, 0 ≤x≤1. Trial function is y = a1 (x-
x4). Boundary conditions are y(0) = 0; y(1)=0. Find the value of the
41. parameter a1 by the following methods 1) Point Collocation 2) Sub CO1 L6 15
Domain 3) Least Square 4) Galerkin method.

A simply supported beam subjected to uniformly distributed load over

42. entire span. Determine the bending moment and deflection at mid span by CO1 L4 15
using Rayleigh-Ritz method and compare with exact solution.
A beam AB of span ‘l’ simply supported at ends and carrying a
concentrated load W at the centre ‘C’ as shown in fig. Determine the
deflection at mid span by using Rayleigh-Ritz method and compare with
exact solution.
43. CO1 L1 15

A bar of uniform cross section is clamped at one end left free at the
other end and it is subjected to a uniform axial load P as shown in fig.
Calculate the displacement and stress in a bar by using two terms
polynomial and three terms polynomial. Compare with exact solutions.
44. CO1 L6 15

The differential equation of a physical phenomenon given by

(d2y/dx2)+ y = 4x; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. The boundary conditions are: y (0) = 0
45. CO1 L4 15
and y (1) = 1. Obtain one term approximation solution by using
Galerkin’s method of weighed residuals.
UNIT-2: TWO-DIMENSIONAL SCALAR AND VECTOR VARIABLE PROBLEMS
Second Order 2D Equations involving Scalar Variable Functions – Variational formulation –Finite Element
formulation – Triangular elements – Shape functions and element matrices and vectors - Application to Field
Problems - Thermal problems – Torsion of Non circular shafts –Quadrilateral elements – Higher Order
Elements - Equations of elasticity – Plane stress, plane strain and axisymmetric problems – Body forces and
temperature effects – Stress calculations - Plate and shell elements
PART-A (2-Marks)

5
 RBT
S.NO QUESTIONS CO
LEVEL
What is CST element? CO2 L1
1
What is LST element? CO2 L1
2
What is QST element? CO2 L2
3
What is meant by plane stress analysis? CO2 L2
4
Define plane strain analysis. CO2 L1
5
Write a displacement function equation for CST element. CO2 L1
6
Write a strain-displacement matrix for CST element. CO2 L2
7
Write down the stress-strain relationship matrix for plane stress condition. CO2 L1
8
Write down the stress-strain relationship matrix for plane strain condition. CO2 L2
9
Write down the finite element equation for one dimensional heat
CO2 L2
10 conduction with free end convection.
Differentiate CST and LST elements. CO2 L1
11
12 What are the conditions for a problem to be axisymmetric? CO2 L1

13 Write down the shape functions for an axisymmetric triangular element. CO2 L1
Give the Strain-Displacement matrix equation for an axisymmetric
14 CO2 L1
triangular element.
Write down the Stress-Strain relationship matrix for an axisymmetric
15 CO2 L2
triangular element.
16 What are the assumptions used in thin plate element? CO2 L2

17 What are the assumptions for thin shell theory? CO2 L2

18 Give four applications where axisymmetric elements can be used. CO2 L2

19 What are the two forms to express interpolation functions? CO2 L1

What is meant by steady state heat transfer? Write down its governing
20 CO2 L1
differential equation.
RBT
PART-B (13- Marks) CO Marks
Level
1 Determine the stiffness for the axisymmetric element shown in fig. Take E as 2.1 CO2 L6 13
x 105 N/mm2 and Poisson’s ratio as 0.3.

6
 Derive the stiffness matrix for the constant strain triangular element
(CST) element, the coordinates are given in units of millimeters. Assume
plane stress conditions. Take E=210 GPa, υ=0.25, t= 10mm.
CO2 L6 13
Point A( 50,120)
Point B (20, 30)
2 Point C (80, 30)
The nodal co-ordinates for an axisymmetric triangular element are given
in figure. Evaluate strain-Displacement matrix for that element.
CO2 L6 13

3
Determine the stiffness matrix for the axisymmetric element shown in
figure. Take E = 2.1 x 105 N/mm2, ν = 0.25, the coordinates are in mm.

4 CO2 L6 13

Calculate the element stiffness matrix for the axisymmetric triangular

element shown in figure. The element experiences a 15°C increase in
temperature. The coordinates are in mm.

Take α=10*10-6 /°C, E=2×105 N/mm2, ν=0.25

5 CO2 L6 13

Determine the stiffness matrix for Triangular Plate Bending Element with 9
Degrees of Freedom as shown in figure.

6 CO2 L6 13

7
7 Derive the strain-displacement matrix for CST element. CO2 L6 13

8 Derive the expression for stress-strain relationship matrix for 2D element. CO2 L6 13

9 Derive shape functions and stiffness matrix for a 2Drectangular element. CO2 L6 13

Derive the shape functions for element shown in fig. Shape functions
should be specified in natural coordinate system.
10 CO2 L6 13

Determine the shape functions for a constant strain triangular (CST)

11 CO2 L5 13
element in terms of natural co-ordinate system.
Determine the shape functions N1, N2 and N3 at the interior point P for the
triangular element shown in the figure

12 CO2 L5 13

Determine the stiffness matrix for the CST Element shown in Figure. The
coordinates are given in mm. Assume plane strain condition. E = 210 GPa,
13 v = 0.25 and t = 10 mm CO2 L6 13

14 Determine the expression of shape function for heat transfer in 2D element. CO2 L6 13

Compute the element matrix and vectors for the element shown in the
figure when the edges 2-3 and 3-1 experience heat loss.

15 CO2 L6 13

Derive the shape functions for 4-noded rectangular element by using

16 CO2 L6 13
natural coordinate system.
17 Determine the stiffness matrix for Rectangular Plate Bending Element with CO2 L6 13
12 Degrees of Freedom as shown in figure.

8
 The nodal coordinates for an axisymmetric triangular element are given
below: (r1, r2, r3) as (20, 40, 30) and (z1, z2, z3) are (40,40, 60) mm
respectively. Evaluate strain displacement [B]matrix for that element.

18 CO2 L6 13

Explain in detail about the ways in which a three dimensional problem can
19 CO2 L6 13
be reduced to a two dimensional approach?
State whether plane stress or plane strain elements can be used to model the
following structures. Justify your answer.

20 a) a wall subjected to wind load CO2 L6 13

b) a wrench subjected to a force in the plane of the wrench.

RBT
PART-C (15-Marks) CO Marks
Level
Determine the Cartesian coordinate of the point P (ξ=0.8,η=0.9)as shown in
figure.

1 CO2 L6 15

Why higher order elements are needed? Determine the shape functions of
2 CO2 L5 15
an eight noded rectangular element.

9
 Derive the shape functions for two dimensional Lagrange and serendipity
3 CO2 L6 15
elements with examples?
Discuss the generation of stiffness matrix and load vector for a beam
4 CO2 L4 15
element.
Explain in detail about the element capacitance matrix for unsteady state
5 CO2 L5 15
heat transfer problems.

UNIT-3: ISOPARAMETRIC FORMULATION

Natural co-ordinate systems – Isoparametric elements – Shape functions for iso parametric elements – One
and two dimensions – Serendipity elements – Numerical integration and application to plane stress problems
- Matrix solution techniques – Solutions Techniques to Dynamic problems – Introduction to Analysis
Software.
PART-A (2-Marks)
RBT
S.NO QUESTIONS CO
LEVEL
Define Jacobian isoparametric formulation. CO3 L1
1
Sketch two 3D elements exhibiting linear Strain behavior. CO3 L2
2
What is the purpose of Isoparametric elements. CO3 L1
3
Write down the shape functions for 4 noded rectangular element using
CO3 L1
4 natural coordinate system.
Write down the Jacobian matrix for four Noded quadrilateral element. CO3 L1
5
Write down the stiffness matrix equation for four noded isoparametric
CO3 L1
6 quadrilateral element.
Write down the element force vector equation for four noded quadrilateral
CO3 L2
7 element.
Write down the Gaussian quadrature expression for numerical integration. CO3 L1
8
Define super parametric element. CO3 L1
9
What is meant by sub parametric element? CO3 L1
10
What is meant by Isoparametric element? CO3 L1
11
What is the difference between natural co-ordinate and simple natural co-
12 CO3 L2
ordinate?
13 What are the types of non-linearity? CO3 L2

14 What are the types of Eigen value problems? CO3 L2

15 State the principle of superposition. CO3 L3

10
16 Define resonance. CO3 L4

17 Define Dynamic Analysis. CO3 L1

18 Differentiate global and local coordinates CO3 L3

State the two differences between direct and iterative methods for solving
19 CO3 L4
system of equations.
20 What is the purpose of Isoparametric elements? CO3 L2
RBT
PART-B (13- Marks) CO Marks
Level

Evaluate the Cartesian coordinate of the point P which has local

coordinates ε=0.6 and η=0.8 as shown in figure.

CO3 L6 13

1
For the isoparametric quadrilateral element shown in figure. Determine the
local co-ordinates of the point 'P' which has cartesian co-ordinates (7,4).

CO3 L6 13

2
Evaluate the Jacobian matrix for the isoparametric quadrilateral element shown in
the figure

CO3 L6 13

3
Develop the shape function for 4 noded iso-parametric quadrilateral
4 element CO3 L5 13

5 Evaluate the Jacobian matrix at the local coordinates ε=η=0.5for the CO3 L6 13
linear quadrilateral element with its global coordinates as shown in fig.

11
 Also evaluate the strain-displacement matrix

For the four noded quadrilateral element shown in fig analysis the
Jacobian and evaluate its value at the point (1/2, 1/2)

6 CO3 L6 13

Calculate the Cartesian coordinates of the point P which has local

coordinates ε = 0.8 and η = 0.6 as shown in figure

7 CO3 L6 13

8 Evaluate x4x2dx by applying 3 point Gaussian quadrature. CO3 L5 13

9 Evaluate  e  x dx by applying 3 point Gaussian quadrature. CO3 L6 13

Evaluate -1 1cosdx by applying 3point Gaussian quadrature and

10 CO3 L6 13
compare with 12exact solution.
For a four noded rectangular element shown in fig. Estimate the following
a.Jacobian matrix b. Strain-Displacement matrix c. Element strain and d.
Element stress

11 CO3 L6 13

12
 For the element shown in the figure. Calculate the Jacobian matrix.

12 CO3 L6 13

Consider the isoparametric quadrilateral elemet with nodes 1 to 4 at

(5,5), (11,7), (12,15), and (4,10) respectively. Estimate the jacobian matrix
13 CO3 L6 13
and its determinant at the element centroid.

14 Tabulate the element characteristics of a four node quadrilateral element CO3 L5 13

Develop the shape function for 3 noded iso-parametric quadrilateral element

15 CO3 L6 13
and state its importance
16 Evaluate x6x3dx by applying 3 point Gaussian quadrature CO3 L4 13

Evaluate -1 1sinxdx by applying 3point Gaussian quadrature and

17 CO3 L6 13
compare with exact solution.
Evaluate the Jacobian matrix for the isoparametric quadrilateral element with its
18 CO3 L6 13
derivatives.
Explain briefly about Jacobian matrix at the local coordinates ε=η, for a
19 CO3 L5 13
lateral coordinate element.
Derivate two point Gaussian Quadrature method in detail.
20 CO3 L4 13

RBT
PART-C (15-Marks) CO Marks
Level
Explain the steps involved in isoparametric formulation for a quadrilateral
1 CO3 L3 15
element.
Derive the shape functions for all the corner nodes of a nine noded
2 CO3 L3 15
quadrilateral element.
Evaluate the Gauss integral formulation for a four noded quadrilateral
3 CO3 L3 15
element.
4 Explain in detail about Serendipity elements for the quadrilateral element. CO3 L3 15

Explain in detail about natural coordinate and Local coordinate on the basis
5 CO3 L3 15
of quadrilateral elements.

13