USER MANUAL

Cable sheath testing and fault location

system

shirla

(supervisor)

BAUR Prüf- und Messtechnik ▪ Raiffeisenstr. 8 ▪ A-6832 Sulz, Austria

T +43 5522 4941-0 ▪ F +43 5522 4941-3 ▪ www.baur.at▪ [email protected]
© 2013
All rights reserved.
Reproduction, circulation in any form whatsoever, publishing on online services or Internet, as well as
duplication on data carriers, even in extracts or with changed format is allowed only with prior written
permission of BAUR Prüf- und Messtechnik GmbH, A-6832 Sulz / Austria.
We reserve the right in the interests of our customers to make amendments as a result of further
technical development. Illustrations, descriptions and scope of supply are therefore not binding.
The names of products and companies are the trademarks or brand names of the relevant companies.
 Table of contents

Table of contents

1 General ......................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Using this manual ................................................................................ 5
2 Use ................................................................................................................ 6
2.1 Cable and cable sheath testing ........................................................... 6
2.2 Cable and cable sheath fault prelocation ............................................ 6
2.3 Cable and cable sheath fault pin-pointing ........................................... 7
3 Features ........................................................................................................ 8
3.1 Safety features ..................................................................................... 8
3.2 Operating modes ................................................................................. 8
4 Measurement principle and accuracy ....................................................... 9
4.1 Principle of the Wheatstone circuit ...................................................... 9
4.2 Bridge measurement in accordance with Glaser ............................... 11
4.2.1 With two auxiliary lines and constant line cross-section ........ 11
4.3 Bridge measurement in accordance with Murray .............................. 13
4.3.1 With two auxiliary lines and non-constant core cross-section
or different specific resistances of the line material ............... 13
4.3.2 With one auxiliary lines and constant core cross-section ...... 15
4.3.3 With one auxiliary line and different core cross-sections ....... 15
4.4 Fault location on a cable with branch joint ......................................... 17
4.4.1 Example ................................................................................. 19
4.4.2 Unknown distance to branch joint .......................................... 20
4.5 Measuring error.................................................................................. 21
4.6 Comparison of the voltage drop method and bridge measurement .. 22
4.6.1 Plastic cable N2XSY with a copper screen ............................ 22
4.6.2 Shielded low voltage cable with a large cross-section........... 23
5 Operating controls..................................................................................... 24
5.1 Operating unit .................................................................................... 24
5.2 Connecting the ground line ................................................................ 25
5.3 Operating the menu ........................................................................... 25
5.4 Voltage and current display ............................................................... 25

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Table of contents

6 Commissioning .......................................................................................... 26
6.1 Important basic rules.......................................................................... 26
6.1.1 Discharging and earthing ....................................................... 26
6.2 Preparing the device for cable or cable sheath testing...................... 27
6.2.1 Preparing the cable ................................................................ 27
6.2.2 Connecting the protective earthing conductor ....................... 27
6.2.3 Connecting the high voltage feed cable for testing ................ 28
6.2.4 Connecting to various cable types ......................................... 28
6.3 Connections for bridge measurement................................................ 29
6.4 Using the menu .................................................................................. 31
6.5 Switching high voltage on and off ...................................................... 32
7 Cable and cable sheath testing ................................................................ 34
7.1 Settings .............................................................................................. 35
7.2 Carrying out the tests ......................................................................... 36
7.3 Ending a test early ............................................................................. 37
8 Fault prelocation / measuring bridge ...................................................... 38
8.1 Settings .............................................................................................. 38
8.2 Sections ............................................................................................. 39
8.2.1 Working with only one section ............................................... 39
8.2.2 Adding sections ...................................................................... 40
8.3 Zero balancing ................................................................................... 41
8.4 Repeating measurements .................................................................. 43
8.5 Ending measurement early ................................................................ 43
9 Fault pin-pointing ...................................................................................... 44
9.1 Connections and settings .................................................................. 44
9.2 Ending measurement early ................................................................ 46
10 Updating software ..................................................................................... 47
11 Technical data ............................................................................................ 48
12 Maintenance ............................................................................................... 50
12.1 Service personnel .............................................................................. 50
12.2 Error messages.................................................................................. 51
12.3 Error codes ........................................................................................ 51
12.4 Cleaning ............................................................................................. 53
13 Delivery includes ....................................................................................... 54
13.1 Replacement parts ............................................................................. 54
14 Index............................................................................................................ 55

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 General

1 G ENERAL

Kapitelübersicht

Using this manual ....................................................................... 5

1.1 Using this manual

This user manual contains all necessary information that is needed for the commissioning and
operation of the described product.
 Read this user manual completely before operating the product for the first time.
 Consider this user manual to be a part of the product and store it in an easily accessible
location.
 If this user manual is lost, please contact BAUR Prüf- und Messtechnik GmbH or your
nearest BAUR representative (http://www.baur.at/worldwide/).

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Use

2 U SE

Kapitelübersicht

Cable and cable sheath testing .................................................. 6

Cable and cable sheath fault prelocation ................................... 6
Cable and cable sheath fault pin-pointing .................................. 7
BAUR Cable sheath testing and fault location system shirla is used for cable and cable sheath
testing and for prelocating and pin-pointing cable faults. The intactness of insulation can be
tested up to a DC test voltage of -10 kV.
In addition shirla provides the ideal solution for prelocating faults in unshielded cables and
cable sheaths. The system uses the measuring bridge principle in accordance with Murray
and Glaser.
To provide precise fault location shirla is used as a voltage source with a DC pulse pattern.
The high voltage pulse is discharged into the ground at the location of the fault. The voltage
funnel on the surface caused by this can be picked up using the step voltage method, enabling
the location of the fault to be accurately determined.

2.1 Cable and cable sheath testing

shirla allows the user to carry out voltage tests at a test voltage of up to 10 kV on low voltage
cables and cable sheaths. The measurements taken include current, voltage and fault
resistance.
Cable sheath testing is carried out in order to detect damage to cable sheaths. To do this a DC
test is carried out in accordance with the applicable standard. The duration of the test should
comply with local regulations and can be preset in the device.

German standard DIN VDE 0276-620 makes test recommendations based on the cable
length.

2.2 Cable and cable sheath fault prelocation

shirla has an integrated measuring bridge, which allows it to prelocate insulation faults in
plastic insulated cable sheaths and earth faults (even high resistive) in unshielded plastic low
voltage cables with the highest precision.
The integrated measuring bridge was designed with this particularly in mind. The distance to
the fault can be read directly in metres or as a percentage of the total cable length. For cables
in a number of different sections, all the sections can be allowed for in terms of cross section
and material. Different cross sections and materials have proportional effects on the distance
to the fault and therefore can be taken into account.
In contrast to the voltage drop method, bridge measurement offers the advantage of a higher
accuracy of measurement. With the aid of the internal high voltage source (up to 10 kV), the
device can also measure very high-resistance faults. Bridge measurements are carried out in
accordance with Murray and Glaser (see Measurement principle and accuracy (on page 9)).

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 Use

2.3 Cable and cable sheath fault pin-pointing

Cable and cable sheath fault pin-pointing is based on the principle of the step voltage method.
To do this a cyclical voltage is applied to the cable or cable sheath in accordance with the
diagram below. The pulsed voltage can be set at values up to 10 kV. With the step voltage
meter (UL or KMF1), the device can locate damage to the cable sheath with the voltage funnel
created.
Various patterns can be used to ensure reliable identification of cable or cable sheath faults.
The following pulse patterns are available: (see Fault pin-pointing (on page 44)).

1.

2.

3.

4.

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Features

3 F EATURES

Kapitelübersicht

Safety features ........................................................................... 8

Operating modes ........................................................................ 8
An important advantage of the device is its portability, especially when used on site. The
compact design and integrated rechargeable battery mean that the device is also very suitable
for use on site. Working in bad weather is not a problem as the equipment is completely
protected against splash water. A graphics display with a menu for all control functions
ensures ease and simplicity of operation. The results of the tests and fault prelocation can be
simply read from the USB stick.

3.1 Safety features

 Constructed in accordance with VDE DIN 0104, EN 50191
 Switch-on interlock for high voltage
 Emergency-off switch
 Status display of all important safety functions

3.2 Operating modes

 DC testing up to 10 kV
 Fault prelocation in accordance with Murray and Glaser
 Fault pin-pointing in accordance with step voltage method

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 Measurement principle and accuracy

4 M EASUREMENT PRINCIPLE AND ACCURACY

Kapitelübersicht

Principle of the Wheatstone circuit ............................................. 9

Bridge measurement in accordance with Glaser ..................... 11
Bridge measurement in accordance with Murray ..................... 13
Fault location on a cable with branch joint ............................... 16
Measuring error ........................................................................ 21
Comparison of the voltage drop method and bridge measurement
.................................................................................................. 22
All bridge measurement methods that work with direct current for locating faults in cables in
principle are based on modified Wheatstone circuits.

4.1 Principle of the Wheatstone circuit

The bridge is balanced when points a and b are subject to the same potential. In this situation,
the galvanometer shows zero.
Points a and b are at the same potential when the following condition is fulfilled:

resp.
If R4 is the resistance Rx being sought, Rx can be defined as:

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Measurement principle and accuracy

When carrying out bridge measurement in accordance with Murray, the cable loop RS forms
the resistances R3 and R4.

The degree of precision of the bridge depends on these factors:

 the bridge current I
 the loop resistance RS of the cable loop
 the power adjustment of the internal impedance of the galvanometer to the bridge
resistances
 the sensitivity of the galvanometer
 linearity of measuring potentiometer
The measurement precision of the measuring bridge can be determined by means of the
following formula if the resistance of the cable fault is much greater than the bridge
resistances.

Where:
IG Galvanometer current

RG Internal impedance of galvanometer (20 kΩ)

I Bridge current = U / RF

R Resistance of the measuring potentiometer (100 Ω)

RS Cable loop resistance

0.15 Linearity error of measuring potentiometer in %

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 Measurement principle and accuracy

The shirla measurement error is shown in a graph in Figure 20 as a function of RS and I.

According to the table at I = 100 μA you get an error of 0.5%.

Example
RS = 100 Ω

4.2 Bridge measurement in accordance with Glaser

4.2.1 With two auxiliary lines and constant line cross-section
Bridge measurement in accordance with Glaser can be used for cable sheath fault location in
defective plastic cable sheaths and in unshielded plastic low voltage cables.
The distance to the fault can be determined in relation to the total cable length.

The distance between the start of the cable and the fault is:

The distance to the fault can be read directly in metres or as a percentage of the total cable
length.
Crocodile clips do not provide an ideal electrical contact! Always clip G1 and G2 in front of the
HV terminal K1 or K2 (see Connections for bridge measurement (on page 29)).
This is particularly important for cables with low core cross-sections.

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Measurement principle and accuracy

Resistance values for various cross-sections and lengths

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 Measurement principle and accuracy

4.3 Bridge measurement in accordance with Murray

4.3.1 With two auxiliary lines and non-constant core cross-section or different
specific resistances of the line material

1 Joint

The multiple section function can take into account different section parameters.

Example

The display shows 79.5 %.

Resistance of the left section (1) (aluminium core Ø 150 mm2, l = 500 m):

Resistance of the right section (1) (copper core Ø 50 mm2, l = 300 m):

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Measurement principle and accuracy

Fictitious line length l'2:

Fictitious overall length l':

Fictitious distance to fault l'x:

The fault therefore lies in the right section (2).

The true distance between the joint and the fault:

Then:

As the fault is located in the right section (2), lx can be calculated as follows:

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 Measurement principle and accuracy

4.3.2 With one auxiliary lines and constant core cross-section

With only one good auxiliary wire available, bridge measurement as described in With two
auxiliary lines and non-constant core cross-section or different specific resistances of the line
material (on page 13) is not possible.

The resistance of the short-circuit bridge is incorporated in the measurement result. Attention
must be paid to ensure that the link line has an adequate cross-section, and that the terminal
connections have small contact resistances.
The distance between the start of the cable and the fault is:

4.3.3 With one auxiliary line and different core cross-sections

For different core cross-sections or core materials with different specific resistances, the
bridge measurement as described in With one auxiliary lines and constant core cross-section
(on page 15) is not possible.

Example
A cable has a fault between two cores and the cable sheath.

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Measurement principle and accuracy

The fault F1 can be located with the echo or the bridging process. L1 is used as auxiliary line. If
the cable sheath and the auxiliary line L1 have different cross-sections, a resistance invariant
conversion to fictitious lengths must be carried out.

L Specific resistance
A Cross-section of the auxiliary line
L

S Specific resistance of the cable sheath

A Cross-section of the cable sheath
S

Fictitious loop length (conversion based on the cross-section and the cable sheath material):

The distance from the start of the cable to the location of the fault in the cable sheath:

Example
Cable sheath 25 mm2 Aluminium
Conductor 50 mm2 copper
Cable length 3,200 m
 25 %

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 Measurement principle and accuracy

4.4 Fault location on a cable with branch joint

A measurement at point (A) shows an insulation fault between L3 and the shield.
A good conductive connection is established at end B between L1, L2 and L3. If the fault does
not lie between the branch joint and end (B), then a bridge measurement is used to determine
the distance between the start of the cable (A) and the branch joint.

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Measurement principle and accuracy

For a second measurement, the short-circuiting bridge between the cores at the end is
removed and fitted at the end C.

The equation gives the distance between the start of the cable (A) and the cable sheath fault.
The distance is given in percentage of the distance between (A) and (C).

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 Measurement principle and accuracy

4.4.1 Example
First measurement
A cable with a branch joint at 500 m with a fault between the core L3 and the cable sheath. A
short-circuiting bridge is placed between the lines cores L1, L2 and L3 at each of the ends (B)
and (C).

Bridge balancing gives the value 50 %.

The distance between the start of the cable (A) and the branch joint was measured. Therefore
it can be concluded that the cable sheath fault lies between the branch joint and end (C).

Second measurement
The short-circuiting bridge is removed between the cores at end B and mounted at end C.

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Measurement principle and accuracy

The second bridge balancing gives the value 70.6 %.

4.4.2 Unknown distance to branch joint

The distance between the start of the cable (A) and the branch joint can be determined by a
further measurement. The measurement is done in accordance with Murray (see Bridge
measurement in accordance with Murray (on page 13)), where only the healthy cores are
connected and a fault (F) is simulated at end (C) .

Bridge balancing produces:

From which:

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 Measurement principle and accuracy

4.5 Measuring error

Due to impermissibly high contact resistances at terminal connections, stray DC currents,

non-constant core cross-sections and other fault influences, the error may however be even
higher.
The figure provides good information on how to adjust the current and voltage limitation. In
principle, shirla sets the bridge voltage in such a way that the current required for high
accuracy is able to flow.
If only a very low residual current is achieved, the measurement accuracy can be improved
through linear interpolation.

Interference voltages
Induced voltages in the measuring circuit through adjacent cables can affect the measurement
results. In case of interference signals below 75 mV (at 16 Hz) or 250 mV (at 50 Hz), the
accuracy of the measuring results is not affected.

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Measurement principle and accuracy

If the interference signals exceed 75 mV (at 16 Hz) or 250 mV (at 50 Hz), a greater tolerance of
the measuring result must be considered. The indicator displays the bigger deviation of the
measuring result with a warning signal:

4.6 Comparison of the voltage drop method and bridge

measurement
4.6.1 Plastic cable N2XSY with a copper screen
A plastic cable N2XSY with a copper screen (25 mm² cross-section) has an insulation fault in
the outer plastic sheath at 50% of the total length. The total length is 1000 m.

Measurement with the voltage drop method

To measure U, a 60 mV moving-coil measuring instrument of Class 1.5 is used. To achieve a

pointer deflection of 50 % requires a measuring current of

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 Measurement principle and accuracy

With a supply voltage of max. 6 kV, the fault resistance RF may not be greater than 70 kΩ. The
measuring error in this case can be e.g. 3 %:

The voltage source must provide 516 W of power.

Measurement with the measuring bridge

For a measurement reliability of 1 % Figure 20 gives a minimum measuring current of I = 500

µA for Rs = 0.7 Ω.
Accordingly, the fault resistance can be maximum 12 MΩ . The required power for the voltage
source is: 3 W.

4.6.2 Shielded low voltage cable with a large cross-section

The advantage of the bridge measuring principle becomes even clearer when locating earth
faults on unshielded low-voltage cables with large cross-sections.
The cable sheath is replaced by a defective single wire made of copper, with a cross-section of
150 mm2.

Measurement with the voltage drop method

For the voltage drop method, a measuring current of I = 0.515 A is required for a voltage drop
of 30 mV. At 6 kV RF max. = 11.6 kΩ
The voltage source must provide

of power.

Measurement with the measuring bridge

For a measuring precision of 1%, a minimum measuring current of I = 2 mA can be taken for Rs
= 0.117 Ω.
Accordingly, the fault resistance can be maximum 3 MΩ . The required power for the
voltage source is 12 W.

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Operating controls

5 O PERATING CONTROLS

Kapitelübersicht

Operating unit ........................................................................... 24

Connecting the ground line ...................................................... 25
Operating the menu .................................................................. 25
Voltage and current display ...................................................... 25

5.1 Operating unit

1 USB socket
2 Main switch
3 HV keys
4 Display
5 Selector knob
6 Status indicator high voltage
7 Connection panel
8 Emergency-off switch

24 / 58 822-127-4
 Operating controls

5.2 Connecting the ground line

5.3 Operating the menu

Selecting the fields in the display
Turn the selector knob to move the selection highlighting over the fields. To select press the
knob.

5.4 Voltage and current display

Different values are used for display and input depending on the selected voltage shape.

DC test Sheath fault location

Voltage / current limits Maximum Maximum

Voltage / current display Actual value Actual value

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Commissioning

6 C OMMISSIONING

Kapitelübersicht

Important basic rules ................................................................ 26

Preparing the device for cable or cable sheath testing ............ 27
Connections for bridge measurement ...................................... 29
Using the menu ........................................................................ 31
Switching high voltage on and off............................................. 32

6.1 Important basic rules

shirla is used for testing disconnected cable lengths. Before connecting the device to the cable
length to be tested you must ensure that the cable is disconnected and deenergised. Observe
the statutory and operational safety regulations!

Never operate the device in a potentially explosive atmosphere!

The object under test is discharged by the integrated discharging device after completion of a
test. Before any contact with the object under test it must be earthed. Voltage may still exist at
the object under test after a breakdown in the cable or after an interruption in measurement
(e.g. by pressing the emergency-off button) and therefore it must first be completely
discharged and then earthed before any contact is made.
For proper discharge and/or earthing, the protective earthing conductor of the rod used must
be solidly connected to the station ground or protective ground. Touch the rod only by its
handle when discharging and/or earthing the rod. The minimum discharge time stipulated on
the discharge rod must be observed when discharging it.

6.1.1 Discharging and earthing

Voltage may still exist at the object under test after a breakdown in the cable or after an
interruption in measurement (e.g. by pressing the emergency-off button) and therefore it must
first be completely discharged at shirla and then earthed before any contact is made.
For proper discharge and/or earthing, the protective earthing conductor of the rod must be
solidly connected to the protective ground. Touch the rod only by its handle when discharging
and/or earthing the rod.

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 Commissioning

Discharging

The protective earthing conductor of the discharge and earth rod must be connected to the
station ground. The object under test is touched by the tip of the rod.
The minimum discharge time stipulated on the discharge rod must be observed when
discharging it.

Earthing

The discharge resistance of the combined discharge and earth rod can be short-circuited to
the earth of the object under test.

6.2 Preparing the device for cable or cable sheath testing

6.2.1 Preparing the cable
Disconnect the object under test on all contacts, secure it against being switched on again and
check that it is deenergised. Isolate adjacent live parts. It must be ensured that when high
voltage is applied there can be no arcing or breakdown to the adjacent parts of the station or
the cabling. In the case of multi-wire objects under test, all wires, except the ones being tested,
must be connected to the station ground. Clean the terminals if necessary.

6.2.2 Connecting the protective earthing conductor

Connect shirla with the supplied protective earthing conductor (yellow-green) at the protective
ground connector (connection panel) to the station protective ground. A screw terminal is
provided on the protective earthing conductor for this.

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Commissioning

6.2.3 Connecting the high voltage feed cable for testing

Connect the shielding connector of the high voltage feed cable to the earthed sheath of the
cable being tested. Connect the high voltage connector with the corresponding conductor of
the cable under test. To do this attach the supplied clips to the high voltage feed cable.

Observe the advice about discharging and earthing and the general safety regulations!

6.2.4 Connecting to various cable types

Cable sheath fault pin-pointing on 3-phase shielded cable

Cable sheath test on 3-phase shielded cable

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 Commissioning

Cable sheath test on 1-phase shielded cable

Cable test on 3-phase unshielded cable

6.3 Connections for bridge measurement

The terminals K1 and G1 are connected to the defective wire.

Bridge measurement in accordance with Glaser

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Commissioning

Bridge measurement in accordance with Murray

Attention must be paid to ensure that the potential terminals for the galvanometer G1 and G2
are located behind the terminals of the measuring potentiometer K1 and K2, as seen from the
bridge. This enables the contact transition resistances of the terminals K1 and K2 and the
resistances of the measuring lines L1 and L2 to be added to the relatively high-resistance part
resistances of the measuring potentiometer (1), and not to the resistances of the cable loop
(2), which would otherwise be very low-ohmic.

RK: Contact transition resistances of terminals

RL: Measuring line resistance

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 Commissioning

6.4 Using the menu

The main menu appears after the mains connection and commissioning. All applications can
be selected from the main menu.

The main menu allows the user to select from a range of uses.
 Cable and cable sheath testing
 Fault location / measuring bridge
 Fault pin-pointing
Turning the selector knob allows you to choose between the various menu points.
See also:
 Cable and cable sheath testing (on page 34)
 Fault prelocation / measuring bridge (on page 38)
 Fault pin-pointing (on page 44)
 Turn the selector knob clockwise

The selection highlight moves downwards.

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Commissioning

 Press the selector knob

The current selection is confirmed.

6.5 Switching high voltage on and off

High voltage may be switched on and off on the shirla testing device using the three keys to
the left of the display.
The yellow illuminating indicator light integrated into the key indicates which key needs to be
pressed for the next step.
The test is started with the activation of the high voltage. When carrying out bridge
measurement (see Fault prelocation / measuring bridge (on page 38)) the activation of the
high voltage must take place after zero point compensation. High voltage is not necessary for
making the system settings or for entering test procedures.
The green and the red indicator lights show the status of the system.

Switching on the main switch places the device in the Ready for operation state. This state is
indicated by the illumination of the green light.

 Press the key with the illuminated indicator light for at least 1 second
Displayed by a red flashing warning light (6 seconds)

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 Commissioning

To set the device in operation the key must be pressed when the light is flashing. If the key is
not pressed within this time the device reverts to the Ready for operation state.
 Press the key with the illuminated indicator light for at least 1 second

The In operation state is indicated by the red illuminated warning light.

Danger: Risk of injury due to high-voltage!

Solution: Protect the test object.Pressing the key switches the device off.

This key activates the discharge device, which discharges the cable through resistances. The
device switches to the Ready for operation state again.
For safety reasons the high voltage connection must be earthed before making any contact.
After activating the emergency-off switch shirla returns to the Ready for operation state. The
emergency-off message must be confirmed.

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Cable and cable sheath testing

7 C ABLE AND CABLE SHEATH TESTING

Kapitelübersicht

Settings..................................................................................... 35
Carrying out the tests ............................................................... 36
Ending a test early .................................................................... 36
Connect the single pole HV connection cable for the high voltage test. The connection may be
made using the G-clips or the crocodile clips.
The four-pin connection cable remains galvanically isolated and can be stored in the cable
compartment.

Cable and cable sheath testing mode is preselected.

 Press the selector knob

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 Cable and cable sheath testing

The current selection is confirmed.

You can access the "Test" menu from the main menu. Here you can adjust the test voltage,
duration and the current limit.
By selecting the U, I or time value with the selector knob and by pressing the selector knob you
can set the value for the subsequent measurement.

7.1 Settings
By selecting the settings button you can access the menu for setting the limit parameters and
the date and time.

Setting the date and time

Setting the maximum value for the adjustable voltage and the maximum test current

Back to the selected menu

Log function

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Cable and cable sheath testing

The test report or the results of the test are written to the USB stick. The USB stick must be
inserted.
Any number of measurement points can be used during the test by selecting and confirming
the reporting field. The measurement points appear in the test report with a record of the time,
leakage current and voltage.

7.2 Carrying out the tests

 Activate high voltage

 Apply high voltage

Danger: Risk of injury due to high-voltage!

Solution: Protect the test object.As soon as the high voltage is switched on the red warning
light illuminates and the test begins automatically.
After the test period has expired shirla automatically switches off and produces the test report.

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 Cable and cable sheath testing

7.3 Ending a test early

A test can be ended manually at any time.
The outlet is discharged by the discharge unit but must be earthed before it is touched.
 To end the test, switch off shirla

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Fault prelocation / measuring bridge

8 F AULT PRELOCATION / MEASURING BRIDGE

Kapitelübersicht

Settings..................................................................................... 38
Sections .................................................................................... 39
Zero balancing .......................................................................... 41
Repeating measurements ........................................................ 42
Ending measurement early ...................................................... 43

8.1 Settings
 Connect the 4-pin pole measuring bridge cable
 Connect terminals G1, G2, K1 and K2 according to the measuring method (Murray or Glaser)
and ensure that the supplied G-terminals are used.
Crocodile clips do not provide an ideal electrical contact! Always clip G1 and G2 in front of the
HV terminal K1 or K2 (see Connections for bridge measurement (on page 29)).

The fault prelocation is selected automatically when inserting both test cable plugs.

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 Fault prelocation / measuring bridge

Selection menu for bridge measurement

 Select Glaser or Murray method

 Back to selection menu

8.2 Sections
shirla allows the user to define up to 50 different cable sections. Different core cross sections
and materials affect the magnitude of the specific wire resistances. As the measurement is
defined as the average of the total length, this can lead to results that deviate from the actual
fault distance.
In these circumstances you can define further sections. As soon as more than one section is
defined the device prompts you to define the section cross-section and material (Al or Cu).

8.2.1 Working with only one section

 Define the length
 Turn quickly = coarse adjustment
 Turn slowly = fine adjustment

822-127-4 39 / 58
Fault prelocation / measuring bridge

8.2.2 Adding sections

1. Select division into multiple sections

The device prompts you to define the cross-section and material for the 1st section. To
change values:
2. Select by pressing the knob
3. Turn the selector knob to set the value
4. Confirm by pressing the knob
5. Select the material by turning the selector knob
Al = aluminium, Cu = Copper
6. Confirm by pressing the knob
Pressing the button adds the next section. The length, cross-section and material must
then be defined.
7. Select the next continuous number
8. Further sections can be added or deleted as required.

Confirm the input and go back to the selection menu

By selecting the settings button you can access the menu for setting the limit parameters and
the date and time.

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 Fault prelocation / measuring bridge

8.3 Zero balancing

Display of the actual value during measurement

 Bridge balancing

After the zero balance symbol disappears the bridge is balanced.

 Activate high voltage

 Apply high voltage

The measurement begins immediately after high voltage is applied.

Danger: Risk of injury due to high-voltage!

Solution: Protect the test object.
During the balancing phase the zero balance symbol appears and goes out as soon as the
balance has been successfully carried out.

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Fault prelocation / measuring bridge

The measurement results are shown in metres (with the different section characteristics taken
into account) and given as a percentage of the total length.

In case the zero balance is affected by voltage disturbances, after a certain time shirla
calculates the arithmetic mean from the fluctuating values.
If the interference signals exceed 75 mV (at 16 Hz) or 250 mV (at 50 Hz), a greater tolerance of
the measuring result must be considered. The indicator displays the bigger deviation of the
measuring result with a warning signal:

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 Fault prelocation / measuring bridge

8.4 Repeating measurements

Restart
 Select restart field

The measuring bridge is compensated again and then the measurement starts automatically.
shirla does not need to be switched off before repeating measurements.

Log function
The measurement report or the results of the measurement are written via the USB interface.
The USB stick must be inserted.

Ending measurement
 To end the measurement switch off shirla

8.5 Ending measurement early

A measurement can be ended manually at any time.
The outlet is discharged by the discharge unit but must be earthed before it is touched.

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Fault pin-pointing

9 F AULT PIN - POINTING

Kapitelübersicht

Connections and settings ......................................................... 44

Ending measurement early ...................................................... 46

9.1 Connections and settings

Connect the single pole HV connection cable for the high voltage test. The connection may be
made using the G-clips or the crocodile clips.
The four-pin connection cable remains galvanically isolated and can be stored in the cable
compartment.

1. Select fault pin-pointing

44 / 58 822-127-4
 Fault pin-pointing

By selecting the settings button you can access the menu for setting the limit parameters
and the date and time.

2. Make settings
 Pulse voltage (U:) select

 Select pulse pattern ( ) (see Cable and cable sheath fault pin-pointing (on
page 7))

 Set pulse duration ( ) in minutes

 Set delay time ( ) until start of pulse operation

3. ► Activate high voltage

4. Apply high voltage

Pulse operation begins immediately after switching on or the expiry of the set waiting time.

Danger: Risk of injury due to high-voltage!

Solution: Protect the test object.The initiated sequence of impulses is shown by the flashing
high voltage arrow and the pulse symbol. shirla shuts off automatically after the defined pulse
time lapses.

822-127-4 45 / 58
Fault pin-pointing

9.2 Ending measurement early

Fault pin-pointing can be ended manually at any time.
The outlet is discharged by the discharge unit but must be earthed before it is touched.
 To end the fault pin-pointing, switch off shirla

46 / 58 822-127-4
 Updating software

10 U PDATING SOFTWARE

BAUR software is continuously updated. The software can be updated to enable the latest
developments to be incorporated in your device.
In case of queries, please contact BAUR Prüf- und Messtechnik GmbH or the BAUR
representative (http://www.baur.at/worldwide/).

822-127-4 47 / 58
Technical data

11 T ECHNICAL DATA

General

Input voltage 110 VAC … 240 VAC, 50 Hz / 60 Hz

Power consumption 200 VA

Illuminated digital LCD display, automatic brightness

Display
adjustment, 320 x 240 dots

Operating temperature -20 … +50 °C

Storage temperature -40 … +60 °C

Relative humidity Non condensing

Dimensions (W x H x D) 440 x 490 x 220 mm

Weight < 20 kg

Testing

Output voltage 0 … 10 kV

Output current 10 mA @ 5 kV, 5 mA @ 10 kV

Current indicator resolution 1 A

Current indicator accuracy ± 10 A

Resistance measurement Yes

Resistance measurement range 0,01 M ... > 1 G

Voltage and current limitation adjustable

Fault prelocation

Measuring method Measuring bridge in accordance with Murray and Glaser

Measuring voltage / bridge voltage 100 V ...10 kV, adjustable

Measuring current up to 50 mA, adjustable

Measuring circuit accuracy ± 0.1 %

Measuring sequence fully automatic

Definable cable sections 50

Voltage and current limitation Yes

48 / 58 822-127-4
 Technical data

Fault pin-pointing

Pulse voltage 100 V … 10 kV

Pulse current max. 700 mA

Pulse pattern 4 Pulse pattern selectable

822-127-4 49 / 58
Maintenance

12 M AINTENANCE

Kapitelübersicht

Service personnel ..................................................................... 50

Error messages ........................................................................ 51
Error codes ............................................................................... 51
Cleaning ................................................................................... 53

12.1 Service personnel

BAUR Service personnel
 have the appropriate qualification, experience and training,
 have knowledge about the applicable standards, provisions, accident prevention
regulations and operating conditions,
 are in the position to carry out the required activities and thereby, to detect possible
hazards and to avoid accidents,
 undertake to immediately report any modifications to the device that might affect the
safety,
 are familiar with the device, its function and possible sources of danger,
 have knowledge about the maintenance and repair of the device and
 have been expressly authorised by BAUR to open the device and carry out modifications
to it.

50 / 58 822-127-4
 Maintenance

12.2 Error messages

When an error message appears, proceed as follows:
1. Check the power voltage and connecting and earthing cables.
2. Write down the error text and the procedure that caused the error to occur.
3. Contact your nearest BAUR representative (http://www.baur.at/worldwide/).

12.3 Error codes

Code Type of error Solution

1001 High voltage error Restart device

1001 High voltage error Restart device

1005 Internal USB error Restart device

1005 Internal USB error Restart device

1006 Internal EEPROM error Restart device

1006 Internal EEPROM error Restart device

1007 Real-time clock error Set date/time and restart device

1007 Real-time clock error Set date/time and restart device

1008 Memory error Restart device

1008 Memory error Restart device

1009 Emergency-Stop active Deactivate emergency-stop

1009 Emergency-Stop active Deactivate emergency-stop

1010 Memory error Restart device

1011 Digital-Analogue conversion error Restart device

1011 Memory error Restart device

1012 Internal EEPROM error Restart device

1012 Internal EEPROM error Restart device

1013 No calibration data Prepare calibration data

1014 Invalid calibration data Prepare valid calibration data

1015 Overvoltage Restart device

2001 Communication errors in digital measuring bridge Restart device

2001 Communication errors in digital measuring bridge Restart device

2002 Timeout of digital measuring bridge Restart device

2002 Timeout of digital measuring bridge Restart device

2003 Command error in digital measuring bridge Restart device

2003 Command error in digital measuring bridge Restart device

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Maintenance

2004 Digital measuring bridge not ready Restart device

2004 Digital measuring bridge not ready Restart device

2005 Self-test error in digital measuring bridge Restart device

2005 Self-test error in digital measuring bridge Restart device

2006 Zero balance error in digital measuring bridge Check test lead connections

2006 Zero balance error in digital measuring bridge Check test lead connections

2007 Communication errors in digital measuring bridge Restart device

2008 Communication errors in digital measuring bridge Restart device

2009 Communication errors in digital measuring bridge Restart device

2010 Communication errors in digital measuring bridge Restart device

2011 Communication errors in digital measuring bridge Restart device

2012 Communication errors in digital measuring bridge Restart device

2013 Communication errors in digital measuring bridge Restart device

Check test lead connections and

3002 Balance potentiometer at lower end
restart measurement

Check test lead connections and

3003 Balance potentiometer at upper end
restart measurement

Check test lead connections and

3004 Timeout during balancing
restart measurement

Check test lead connections and

3005 Polarity change
restart measurement

Check test lead connections and

3006 No fine balance possible
restart measurement

4001 Power-Module-Fault Restart device

4002 Power-Module-Fault Restart device

4003 Power-Module-Fault Restart device

4004 Power-Module-Fault Restart device

4005 Power-Module-Fault Restart device

4006 Digital-Analogue converter error Restart device

4007 Power-Module-Communication error Restart device

4008 Power-Module-Communication error Restart device

4009 Power-Module-Communication error Restart device

4010 Power-Module-Communication error Restart device

4012 Power-Module-Communication error Restart device

4014 Power-Module-Excess temperature Allow device to cool and restart

52 / 58 822-127-4
 Maintenance

4021 Power-Module-Communication error Restart device

Power-Module-Error, error when setting the

4022 Restart device
digital-analogue converter

Power-Module-Error, error when reading the

4023 Restart device
analogue-digital converter

9002 Balance potentiometer at lower end Check test lead connections

9003 Balance potentiometer at upper end Check test lead connections

9004 Timeout during balancing Check test lead connections

9005 Polarity change Check test lead connections

9006 No fine balance possible Check test lead connections

On repeated occurrence of an error message, please contact BAUR Prüf- und Messtechnik
GmbH or the BAUR representative (http://www.baur.at/worldwide/).

12.4 Cleaning
 Clean displays only with a dry and slightly damp cloth.
 Use gentle cleaning agents for the housing.
 Protect the operating parts during storage.

Danger: Damaged devices can be dangerous for the user!

Handling: Do not use abrasive cleaning agents, chemicals, petroleum ether or other similar
mild solvent. Do not allow liquids to go into the device!

822-127-4 53 / 58
Delivery includes

13 D ELIVERY INCLUDES

Kapitelübersicht

Replacement parts ................................................................... 54

Delivery includes
 High voltage connection cable
 4-wire bridge connection cable
 Connection clamps
 Short-circuit cable sets for bridge connection
 Earthing
 Mains cable
 USB stick
 Carrying sling
 User manual

Options
Necessary for cable sheath fault pin-pointing with step voltage method:
 Search receiver KMF 1 inclusive of earth rod and connection cables
or
 Accessory set for cable sheath fault pin-pointing including earth rod and connection cables
(if UL 30 available)

Other options
 Discharge and earth rod GDR 20-125

13.1 Replacement parts

 Earth line (460-741)
 Mains cable
 Connection terminals (551-133)
 USB stick (310-078)
 Carrying sling (670-071)
 Short-circuit cable with clips (460-745)

54 / 58 822-127-4
 Index

14 I NDEX

A F
Adding sections - 40 Fault location on a cable with branch joint - 17
Fault pin-pointing - 44
B
Fault prelocation / measuring bridge - 38
Bridge measurement in accordance with Glaser
- 11 Features - 8
Bridge measurement in accordance with
G
Murray - 13
General - 5
C
I
Cable and cable sheath fault pin-pointing - 7
Important basic rules - 26
Cable and cable sheath fault prelocation - 6
Cable and cable sheath testing - 6, 34 M
Carrying out the tests - 36 Maintenance - 50
Cleaning - 53 Measurement principle and accuracy - 9
Commissioning - 26 Measuring error - 21
Comparison of the voltage drop method and
bridge measurement - 22 O
Operating controls - 24
Connecting the ground line - 25
Connecting the high voltage feed cable for Operating modes - 8
testing - 28 Operating the menu - 25
Connecting the protective earthing conductor - Operating unit - 24
27
Connecting to various cable types - 28 P

Connections and settings - 44 Plastic cable N2XSY with a copper screen - 22

Connections for bridge measurement - 29 Preparing the cable - 27

Preparing the device for cable or cable sheath
D testing - 27
Delivery includes - 54 Principle of the Wheatstone circuit - 9
Discharging and earthing - 26
R
E Repeating measurements - 43
Ending a test early - 37 Replacement parts - 54
Ending measurement early - 43, 46
S
Error codes - 51
Safety features - 8
Error messages - 51
Sections - 39
Example - 19
Service personnel - 50

822-127-4 55 / 58
Index

Settings - 35, 38
Shielded low voltage cable with a large
cross-section - 23
Switching high voltage on and off - 32

T
Technical data - 48

U
Unknown distance to branch joint - 20
Updating software - 47
Use - 6
Using the menu - 31
Using this manual - 5

V
Voltage and current display - 25

W
With one auxiliary line and different core
cross-sections - 15
With one auxiliary lines and constant core
cross-section - 15
With two auxiliary lines and constant line
cross-section - 11
With two auxiliary lines and non-constant core
cross-section or different specific resistances of
the line material - 13
Working with only one section - 39

Z
Zero balancing - 41

56 / 58 822-127-4
822-127-4

BAUR Prüf- und Messtechnik GmbH

Raiffeisenstraße 8
A-6832 Sulz / Austria
[email protected]
www.baur.at

822-127-4-(supervisor)-28.03.2013

FW 0.7.0