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Viburnum, Snowball
Wahoo
DECIDUOUS SHRUBS: Medium (between 7 and 10 feet in height).
Barberry, Mentor
Barberry, Truehedge
Dogwood, Coral
Dogwood, Redozier
Dogwood, Silky
Dogwood, Yellowtwig
Holly, Winterberry
Jetbead, Black
Mockorange, Enchantment
Mockorange, Innocence
Mockorange, Minnesota Snowflake
Mockorange, Sweet
Ninebark
Spirea, Vanhoutte
DECIDUOUS SHRUBS: Small (between 4 and 6 feet in height).
Abelia, Glossy
Barberry, Japanese (green)
Barberry, Kobold
Honeysuckle, Winter (Fragrant)
Hydrangea, A. G.
Hydrangea, Nikko Blue
Indiancurrent Coralberry
Kerria, Japanese
Mockorange, Alberta and Glacier
Mockorange, Belle Etoile
Mockorange, Bouquet Blanc
Snowberry
DECIDUOUS SHRUBS: Dwarf (less than 4 feet in height).
Chenault Coralberry
Hydrangea, Annabelle
Mockorange, Dwarf Minnesota Snowflake
Mockorange, Silver Showers
Mockorange, Dwarf Sweet
Ninebark, Dwarf
BROADLEAF EVERGREEN SHRUBS: Tall (10 feet or more in height).
Holly, American
Holly, Yaupon
Magnolia, Southern
BROADLEAF EVERGREEN SHRUBS: Medium (between 7 and 10 feet
in height).
Euonymus, Large Leaf
Euonymus, Manhattan
Holly, Burford
Mahonia, Oregon Grape
Viburnum, Leatherleaf
BROADLEAF EVERGREEN SHRUBS: Small (between 4 and 6 feet in
height).
Euonymus, Dupont
Euonymus, Jewel
Euonymus, Medium Leaf
Euonymus, Sarcoxie
Holly, Dwarf Japanese
Holly, Heller’s
Holly, Hetz
Nandina
BROADLEAF EVERGREEN SHRUBS: Dwarf (less than 4 feet in
height).
Azalea, Kurume
Azalea, Mollis Hybrid
Boxwood, Edging
Boxwood, Wintergreen
Euonymus, Emerald Cushion
Euonymus, Emerald Gaiety
Euonymus, Small Leaf
Euonymus, Vinca Leaf
Holly, Dwarf Burford
Holly, Dwarf Chinese
Mahonia, Compact Oregon Grape
Rhododendron
SHRUBS HAVING FRUIT THAT WILL ATTRACT BIRDS
DECIDUOUS SHRUBS: Tall (10 feet or more in height).
Cotoneaster, Peking
Cranberrybush, American
Dogwood, Gray
Elder, Golden
Honeysuckle, Tatarian
Olive, Autumn
Privit, California
Privit, Common
Privit, Golden (Vicary)
Viburnum, Nannyberry
Wayfaring Tree
DECIDUOUS SHRUBS: Medium (between 7 and 10 feet in height).
Barberry, Truehedge
Cherry, Nanking
Dogwood, Coral
Honeysuckle, Morrow
Honeysuckle, Zabel
Jetbead, Black
Privit, Border
Privit, Regel
Sand Cherry, Purpleleaf
Viburnum, Arrowwood
Viburnum, Korean Spice
Viburnum, Linden
DECIDUOUS SHRUBS: Small (between 4 and 6 feet in height).
Barberry, Japanese
Beautyberry, Japanese
Cranberrybush, Dwarf American
Honeysuckle, Clavey Dwarf
Honeysuckle, Winter (Fragrant)
Viburnum, Wrights’
DECIDUOUS SHRUBS: Dwarf (less than 4 feet in height).
Chenault Coralberry
Cotoneaster, Cranberry
BROADLEAF EVERGREEN SHRUBS
Holly (female)
Pyracantha
Nandina
10
Low Maintenance for your shrubs
HEIGHT AND SPREAD
Consider low maintenance when planning your landscape. When
selecting shrubs for your yard, determine the maximum height and
spread you want from the planting, and then select only from shrubs
with those characteristics.
The shrubs listed in this bulletin have been grouped according to
their mature heights. If you are looking for a shrub that will grow
under a window that is 4 feet from the ground, select from those
listed as dwarf shrubs. You certainly would not select a Tatarian
Honeysuckle (10 to 12 feet) for this location.
Never select a shrub that will ultimately grow too high for its location
and expect to keep it shorter by constant clipping. This will only add
to your time in maintaining your landscape.
Wrong selection of shrubs can be disastrous as shown by the
planting on the right.
MAINTAINING SHRUB SIZE
Shrubs will require periodic pruning to maintain their proper shape
and size. Many shrubs will grow tall and spindly if not thinned-out
occasionally. Some shrubs will sucker severely at the ground if the
older stems or canes are not removed. This causes the shrub to
spread beyond its normal limits.
The proper method for maintaining shrub shape is to remove all
canes that are larger than one inch in diameter. These should be
removed as close to the ground line as possible. This practice will
open the center of the plant so that more light can penetrate into it.
Also, the size of the shrub will be maintained at the desirable height.
When removal of a cane has been decided upon, make the cut as
close to the ground as possible (example A). When an old cane
selected for removal has a desirable shoot at its base, make a cut as
shown in example B. Note that the cut is slanted and is
approximately ¼ inch above the shoot.
ADAPTABILITY AND HARDINESS
Which plants are best suited for your landscape? This will depend on
whether the shrubs will be planted on a farmstead or in a city lot. It
will also depend on whether your yard is exposed to direct
southwest winds, or whether you have some protection.
Plant adaptability has been considered for each shrub listed in this
bulletin. You may plant any shrub that is listed as ‘Hardy’ in an open,
fully exposed location and expect it to survive. Those shrubs that
have an ‘X’ will most likely not survive if planted where they will
receive direct exposure to the hot winds of late summer. If you live
in a town or city, you may have enough wind protection to use 11
these shrubs. This is most important for homeowners living in
the western counties of Kansas.
Protection from southwest summer winds may be provided by a
windbreak, trees in the city, by planting on the east or north side of
the house, or behind a screen fence. If you have this protection you
might be able to use plants that are not listed for your area.
However, if your yard is exposed to hot summer winds, you had
better use only the plant listed for your section of Kansas.
You will sometimes find plants growing in your area that are not
listed for your particular section of Kansas. It is possible to grow
some plants outside their recommended region, provided these
plants receive adequate protection and care. These shrubs will
usually not grow as large or as tall as they would further south or
east. If you are rather certain that your yard will provide enough
protection for these plants, you might try growing a few.
VARIETY LISTINGS OF SHRUBS
Botanical [1]
Common Name Name Height Spread Adaptability
DECIDUOUS SHRUBS: Tall (10 feet in height or more)
Cotoneaster, Cotoneaster 10-12′ 8-10′ Hardy
Peking acutifolia
Cranberrybush, Viburnum 12′ 10-12′ Hardy
American trilobum
Cranberrybush, Viburnum opulus 8-12′ 10-12′ Hardy
European
Crapemyrtle Lagerstroemia 10-12′ 5′ SE
indica
Dogwood, Gray Cornus 8-12′ 8-12′ Hardy
racemosa
Elder, Golden Sambucus 12′ 10-12′ Hardy
canadensis
′Aurea’
Fringe Tree, Red Cotonis 10′ 10-12′ X, P
coggygria
′rubrifolia’
Honeysuckle, Lonicera tatarica 10-12′ 8-10′ Hardy
Tatarian
Hydrangea, P. G. Hydrangea 10-15′ 10-15′ X, P
paniculata
′grandiflora’
Lilac, Chinese Syringa 10-15′ 10-15′ Hardy
(Rothamagensis) chinensis
Lilac, Common Syringa vulgaris 12-15′ 12-15′ Hardy
Lilac, Manchurian Syringa 12-15′ 12-15′ Hardy
amurensis
Lilac, Peking Syringa 10-15′ 10-15′ Hardy
pekinensis
Maple, Amur Acer ginneis 15-20′ 10-12′ X, P
Mockorange, Big Philadelphus 9-12′ 5-8′ Hardy
Scentless grandiflorus
Olive, Autumn Eleagnus 14-16′ 15-17′ Hardy
umbellatus
Pea Shrub Caragana 15-18′ 12-15′ Hardy
arborescens
Pearlbush Exochorda 10-15′ 10-15′ SC
racemosa
Plum, Flowering Prunus triloba 12′ 10-12′ X
′plena’
Privit, Amur River Ligustrum 10-12′ 5-7′ Hardy
North amurense
Privit, California Ligustrum 10-12′ 6-8′ X, P
ovalifolium
Privit, Common Ligustrum 10-12′ 6-8′ Hardy
vulgare
Privit, Golden Ligustrum X 12′ 6-8′ X, P
(Vicary) vicari
Redbud, Chinese Cercis chinensis 10-12′ 10-12′ X, P
Rose-of-Sharon Hibiscus syriacus 8-12′ 6-10′ Hardy
(Althea)
Smoke Tree Cotinus 15′ 8′ X, P
(Purple Fringe) coggygria
Snowball Viburnum opulus 8-12′ 10-12′ Hardy
′sterilis’
Sumac, Smooth Rhus giabra 10-12′ 12′ Hardy
Sumac, Staghorn Rhus typhina 20′ 15-20′ Hardy
Tamarisk, Tamarix hispida 10-12′ 8-10′ Hardy
Common
Tamarisk, African Tamarix africana 10-12 10′ SE
Viburnum, Viburnum 8-10′ 10-12′ NC, P
Arrowwood dentatum
Viburnum, Viburnum 8-12′ 10-12′ Hardy
Nannyberry lentago
Viburnum, Viburnum 12-15′ 10-12′ NC
Siebold sieboldi
Viburnum, Tea Viburnum 10′ 8-10′ NC
setigerum
Wahoo Euonymus 10-15′ 15-18′ Hardy
atropurpureus
Wayfaring Tree Viburnum 10-12′ 12′ NC
lantana
Willow, Corkscrew Salix matsudana 12-15′ 12′ X, P
‘tortuosa’
Willow, Pussy Salix discolor 10-12′ 12′ X, P
DECIDUOUS SHRUBS: Medium (between 7 and 10 feet in
height)
Barberry, Mentor Berberis 6-8′ 5-7′ Hardy
mentorensis
Barberry, Berberis 6-8′ 4-6′ X, P
Truehedge thunbergi
‘erecta’
Bayberry, Myrica 6-8′ 4-6′ Hardy
Northern pennsylvanica
Beautybush Kolkwitzia 7-10′ 8-10′ Hardy
amabilis
Burning Bush, Euonymus 8-10′ 8-10′ X, P
Winged alatus
Butterfly Bush Buddleia davidi 6-8′ 6′ NC
Cherry, Nanking Prunus 9′ 10-12′ Hardy
tomentosa
‘Orient’
Cotoneaster, Cotoneaster 8′ 8-12′ Hardy
Large Flowering multiflora
Crabapple, Malus sargentii 6-8′ 8-10′ Hardy
Sargent
Deutzia, Lemoine Deutzia X 5-7′ 5-7′ NC, P
lemoinei
Deutzia, ‘Pride of Deutzia scabra 6-8′ 4-6′ NC, P
Rochester’
Dogwood, Coral Cornus alba 9′ 8-10′ NC
‘Siberica’
Dogwood, Cornus 8′ 8-10′ X, P
Redosier stolonifera
Dogwood, Silky Cornus 8-10′ 8-10′ X, P
ammomum
Dogwood, Cornus 8′ 8-10′ X, P
Yellowtwig stolonifera
‘flaviramea’
Forsythia, Beatrix Forsythia x 6-8′ 6-8′ X, P
Farrand intermedia
Forsythia, Golden Forsythia 6-8′ 5-6′ X, P
Bell viridissima
Forsythia, ‘Karl Forsythia X 6-8′ 6-8′ X, P
Sax’ intermedia
Forsythia, Forsythia X 8-10′ 8′ X, P
‘Lynwood Gold’ intermedia
Forsythia, ‘Showy Forsythia X 7-8′ 6-8′ X, P
Border’ intermedia
Forsythia, Forsythia 8-10′ 10-15′ Hardy
‘Siebold’ suspensa
‘Sieboldii’
Forsythia, ‘Spring Forsythia X 7-8′ 6-8′ X, P
Glory’ intermedia
Holly, Winterberry Ilex verticillata 6-8′ 3-5′ NC, P
Honeysuckle, Lonicera 6-8′ 8-10′ Hardy
Morrow morrowi
Honeysuckle, Lonicera tatarica 7-10′ 7-10′ Hardy
Zabel ‘Zabelii’
Jetbead, Black Rhodotypos 5-7′ 6-8′ NC, P
scandens
Lilac, Late Syringa villosa 8-10′ 8-10′ Hardy
Lilac, Persian Syringa X 6-8′ 7-9′ NC
persica
Magnolia, Star Magnolia stellata 8-12′ 10-12′ SC, P
Mockorange, Philadelphus X 8′ 6-8′ Hardy
‘Enchantment’ lemoine
Mockorange, Philadelphus X 8′ 6-8′ Hardy
‘Innocence’ lemoine
Mockorange, Philadelphus X 8′ 6-8′ Hardy
‘Minnesota virginalis
Snowflake’
Mockorange, Philadelphus 8-10′ 6-7′ Hardy
Sweet coronarius
Ninebark, Physocarpus 7-9′ 8-10′ Hardy
Common opulifolius
Ninebark, Physocarpus 8-10′ 8-10′ Hardy
‘Goldleaf’ opulifolius
‘luteus’
Privit, Border Ligustrum 8-10′ 9′ X, P
obtusifolium
Privit, Regel Ligustrum 5-7′ 6′ Hardy
obtusifolium
‘regelium’
Sand Cherry, Prunus X cistena 7-9′ 8-10′ Hardy
Purpleleaf
Scotch Broom Cytisus 6-8′ 6-8′ SC
scoparius
Spirea, Spirea prunifolia 7-9′ 8-10′ NC, P
Bridalwreath ‘plena’
Spirea, Vanhoutte Spirea X 6-8′ 8-10′ Hardy
vanhouttei
Tamarisk, Tamarix hispida 8′ 10-12′ Hardy
‘Summer Glow’
Viburnum, Viburnum 8-10′ 8-10′ NC, P
Doublefile plicatum
‘tomentosum’
Viburnum, Korean Viburnum 6-8′ 6-8′ Hardy
Spice carlesii
Viburnum, Linden Viburnum 8-10′ 8-12′ NC, P
dilatatum
Weigela, Old Weigela florida 6-8′ 8-10′ X, P
Fashioned
DECIDUOUS SHRUBS: Small (between 4 and 6 feet in
height)
Abelia, Glossy Abelia X 3-5′ 3-5′ SC, P
grandiflora
Almond, Prunus 4-5′ 3-4′ Hardy
Flowering glandulosa
(Cherry)
Barberry, Berberis 4-6′ 3-5′ X, P
Japanese (Green) thunbergii
Barberry, Redleaf Berberis 4-5′ 3-5′ X, P
thunbergii
‘atropurpurea’
Barberry, Kobold Berberis 4-6′ 5-6′ X, P
thunbergii
‘Kobold’
Beautyberry, Callicarpa 4-5′ 4-5′ NC, P
Japanese japonica
Burning Bush, Euonymus 4-5′ 4-5′ X, P
Dwarf Winged alatus
‘compacta’
Cotoneaster, Cotoneaster 5-6′ 6-8′ X, P
Spreading divaricata
Cranberry, Viburnum opulus 4-6′ 4-6′ Hardy
Compact ‘compactum’
European
Honeysuckle, Lonicera 4-6′ 4-6′ Hardy
Clavey’s Dwarf xylosteum
Honeysuckle, Lonicera 5-7′ 6′ Hardy
Winter (Fragrant) fragrantissima
Hydrangea, A. G. Hydrangea 3-5′ 5-7′ NC, P
arborescens
‘grandiflora’
Hydrangea, ‘Nikko Hydrangea 4-5′ 5-6′ X, P
Blue’ macrophylla
Indian-current Symphoricarpos 3-5′ 4-5′ Hardy
Coralberry orbiculatus
Kerria Kerria japonica 4-6′ 5-7′ X, P
Lilac, Dwarf Syringa oblata 4-6′ 6-8′ NC, P
Korean ‘palibiniana’
Mockorange, Philadelphus X 4-6′ 4-6′ Hardy
‘Albatre’ virginalis
Mockorange, Philadelphus X 6′ 6′ Hardy
‘Belle Etoille’ lemoine
Mockorange, Philadelphus X 6′ 6′ Hardy
‘Bouquet Blanc’ virginalis
Mockorange, Philadelphus X 4-6′ 4-6′ Hardy
‘Glacier’ virginalis
Quince, Japanese Chaenomeles 5-7′ 6-8′ X, P
Flowering lagenaria
(speciosa)
Snowberry Symphoricarpos 4-6′ 4-6′ Hardy
albus
Spirea, Garland Spirea X arguta 5-6′ 5-6′ X, P
Spirea, Thunberg Spirea thunbergi 4-5′ 4-5′ Hardy
Viburnum, Viburnum 3-5′ 4-6′ X, P
Wright’s wrighti ‘hessei’
Weigela, ‘Bristol Weigela X florida 4-6′ 4-6′ X, P
Ruby’
Weigela, ‘Eva Weigela X 4-6′ 6-8′ X, P
Rathke’ floribunda
Weigela, ‘Java Weigela 5-7′ 6-8′ X, P
Red’ purpurea
DECIDUOUS SHRUBS: Dwarf (less than 4 feet in height)
Barberry, Crimson Berberis 1½-2′ 2-3′ X, P
Pygmy thunbergi ‘nana’
Chenauit Symphoricarpos 3-4′ 3-4′ Hardy
Coralberry X chenauiti
Cinquefoil Potentilla 2-4′ 2-4′ Hardy
fruticosa
Cotoneaster, Cotoneaster 2-3′ 3-4′ X, P
Cranberry apiculata
Deutzia, Deutzia X rosea 3-4′ 4-5′ NC
Rosepanicle ‘eximia’
Deutzia, Slender Deutzia gracilis 2-3′ 3-4′ NC
Forsythia, ‘Bronx’ Forsythia 1½-2′ 3′ X, P
viridissima
‘Bronxensis’
Hydrangea, Hydrangea X 3-4′ 4-5′ X, P
‘Annabelle’ arborescens
Mockorange, Philadelphus X 3-4′ 3-4′ Hardy
Silver Showers lemoine
Mockorange, Philadelphus X 2-3′ 2-3′ Hardy
‘Dwarf Minnesota virginalis ‘nana’
Snowflake’
Mockorange, Philadelphus 3-4′ 3-4′ Hardy
Dwarf Sweet coronarius
‘nana’
Ninebark, Dwarf Physocarpus 3-4′ 3-4′ Hardy
opulitolius
‘nanus’
Pea Shrub, Pygmy Caragana 1½-2′ 1½-2′ Hardy
arborescens
Quince, Dwarf Chaenomeles 2-3′ 2-3′ X, P
Flowering meulei
Quince, Japanese Chaenomeles 3-4′ 4-5′ Hardy
Flowering japonica
Quince, Red Chaenomeles 3-4′ 4-5′ Hardy
Japanese japonica ‘rubra’
St. Johnswort, Hypericum 1½-2′ 1½-2′ X
Hidcote patulum
‘Hidcote’
St. Johnswort, Hypericum 3-4′ 3-4′ Hardy
Kalm kalmianum
St. Johnswort, Hypericum 1½-2′ 1½-2′ Hardy
Sungold patulum
‘Sungold’
Spirea, Anthony Spirea X 2-3′ 2-3′ X, P
Waterer bumalda
‘Anthony
Waterer’
Spirea, Froebel Spirea X 3-4′ 3-4′ X, P
bumalda
‘Froebeli’
Spirea, Spirea japonica 3-4′ 3-4′ X, P
Redflowering ‘coccinea’
Spirea, Spirea nipponica 3-4′ 3-4′ Hardy
Snowmound ‘Snowmound’
Willow, Dwarf Salix purpurea 3-4′ 3-4′ NC
Arctic Blue ‘nana’
15
Common [1]
Name Botanical Name Height Spread Adaptability
BROADLEAF EVERGREEN SHRUBS: Tall (10 feet or more in
height)
Holly, American Ilex opaca 12-15′ 8-10′ SC, P
Holly, Yaupon Ilex vomitoria 10-15′ 8-10′ SC, P
Magnolia, Magnolia 15-20′ 10-12′ SC, P
Southern grandiflora
BROADLEAF EVERGREEN SHRUBS: Medium (between 7 and
10 feet in height)
Euonymus, Euonymus 6-8′ 8-10′ Hardy
Large-Leaf kiautschovicus
(Patens)
Euonymus, Euonymus 8-10′ 8-12′ Hardy
‘Manhattan’ kiautschovicus
(Patens)
Mahonia, Mahonia 5-7′ 4-5′ Hardy
Oregon Grape aquifolium
Pyracantha, Pyracantha 6-8′ 6-8′ X, P
‘Kasan’ coccinea ‘Kasan’
Pyracantha, Pyracantha 5-10′ 8-10′ X, P
‘Lalandii’ coccinea ‘Lalandii’
Pyracantha, Pyracantha 6-8′ 6-8′ X, P
‘Wyatti’ coccinea ‘Wyatti’
Viburnum, Viburnum 8-12′ 8-12′ NC, P
Leatherleaf rhytidophylium
BROADLEAF EVERGREEN SHRUBS: Small (between 4 and 6
feet in height)
Barberry, Berbaris juliana 4-6′ 3-5′ NC, P
Wintergreen
Euonymus, Euonymus 5-6′ 4-6′ Hardy
Dupont kiautschovicus
(Patens)
Euonymus, Euonymus 4-5′ 4′ X, P
‘Emerald ’n’ fortunei ‘vegetus’
Gold’
Euonymus, Euonymus 5-6′ 4-6′ Hardy
‘Jewel’ kiautschovicus
(Patens)
Euonymus, Euonymus 5-6′ 4-6′ Hardy
Medium Leaf kiautschovicus
(Patens)
Euonymus, Euonymus 4-5′ 4′ X, P
‘Sarcoxie’ fortunei ‘vegetus’
Holly, Dwarf Ilex crenata 4-5′ 4-5′ SC, P
Japanese ‘compacta’
Holly, ‘Hellers’ Ilex crenata 4′ 5′ SC, P
Japanese ‘Helleri’
Holly, Hetz Ilex crenata 4′ 5′ SC, P
Japanese ‘Hetzii’
Holly, Dwarf Ilex vomitoria 4′ 5′ SC, P
Yaupon ‘nana’
Nandina Nandina 4-5′ 4′ SC, P
domestica
Pyracantha, Pyracantha 4-5′ 4-5′ X, P
‘Low Boy’ coccinea ‘Low
Boy’
BROADLEAF EVERGREEN SHRUBS: Dwarf (less than 4 feet
in height)
Azalea, Kurume Rhododendron 3′ 2-3′ SC, P
obtusum
Azalea, Mollis Rhododendron X 3-4′ 3-4′ SC, P
Hybrid kosterianum
Boxwood, Buxus 2-3′ 2-3′ NC, P
Edging sempervirens
Boxwood, Buxus 4′ 5′ NC, P
Wintergreen microphylus
Euonymus, Euonymus 3-4′ 3-4′ X, P
‘Emerald fortunei ‘vegetus’
Cushion’
Euonymus, Euonymus 3-4′ 2-3′ X, P
‘Emerald Gaiety’ fortunei ‘vegetus’
Euonymus, Euonymus 2-3′ 2-3′ Hardy
Small Leaf kiautschovicus
(Patens)
Euonymus, Euonymus 3-4′ 3-4′ X, P
Vinca Leaf kiautschovicus
‘vincafolia’
Holly, Dwarf Ilex cornuta 3-4′ 2-3′ Hardy
Burford ‘Burfordi nana’
Rhododendron Rhododendron 4′ 4′ SC, P
catawbiense
[1]
Adaptability:
SE—hardy in southeastern Kansas only;
SC—hardy in south central and eastern Kansas;
NC—hardy in central and eastern Kansas only;
P—protect from south west winds;
X—hardiness is doubtful in hotter, drier locations of Kansas;
Hardy—fully hardy in exposed areas of Kansas.
16
PROBLEMS TO EXPECT
Every shrub species grown in Kansas can be expected to be afflicted
with some problem during its lifetime. The most common problems
are insect and disease attacks. These usually can be controlled by
routine spraying. Knowledge of the problems make it easier to
diagnose and correct before they become severe.
Soil alkalinity or high pH may also limit the use of some plants. Iron
chlorosis is a common problem with some shrubs grown in the
western half of Kansas. This is easily corrected by applying iron
sulfate or iron chelate to the plant or soil.
Your local County Extension Agent can assist you with the diagnosis
of any disease, insect, or cultural problem.
All Kansas Extension educational programs and materials are
available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race,
color, national origin, sex, or religion.
Cooperative Extension Service, Kansas State University,
Manhattan
C-469 February 1973
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, acts of May 8
and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with U. S. Department of
Agriculture. Robert A. Bohannon, Director of Extension, Kansas State
University of Agriculture and Applied Science.
34-6672 2-73—20M
KANSAS STATE PRINTING PLANT
Transcriber’s Notes
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