Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE No. 3
IM No.: BA 01 – 2S-2024-2025

I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISION MAKING AND PLANNING

II. LESSON TITLE

1. Types of business industry fitted to your product/service.

2. Characteristics of small business.
3. Advantages and disadvantages of operating a small business.
4. Form of business according to ownership.
5. Business Planning.
6. Why the need for a business plan important?
7. Business plan format and guidelines in writing your business plan.

III. LESSON OVERVIEW

Planning is very important activity which involves “deciding what will be done, who will do it, where,
when and how it will be done, and the standards by which it will be done.” Planning is a systematic
approach to achieve certain objectives. It attempts to eliminate mistakes inherent to “on the spot”
decision.
Planning affords the decision-maker ample time to consider relevant variables before a decision
is reached. This is important because the resources required must be identified as early as possible to
preclude shortages arising from procurement difficulties.
Businesses touch our lives on a daily basis. This very important sector of our economy is of
various kinds. They may be classified according to products sold, activity or size. According to size, they
may be further classified as small, medium or large business enterprise. In choosing the type of business
enterprise to engage with as well as the type of product or service to produce demands a good plan. The
success of every business enterprise lies on sensible planning and decision making of the entrepreneur.
“There is no such thing in this world that is permanent except change”. Therefore, no such product
or service that can exist for a longer period of time as it is, it always demanded for change or innovation
for them to survive in the market place and such changes or innovations on products or services needs
a sensible planning and decision making process.
This chapter will discuss the steps and importance of good planning that will lead to a better
decision making in business activity.

IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the chapter the student is expected to:

1. Identify the best business industry fitted to a particular type of products or services.
2. Explain the characteristics of small business.
3. Conceptualize the advantages as well the disadvantages of operating a small business.
4. Differentiate the different form of business ownership.
5. Define and explain business plan.
6. Enumerate the reasons why there is a need for a business plan.
7. Apply the concept of business planning in real scenario.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE No. 3
IM No.: BA 01 – 2S-2024-2025

V. LESSON CONTENT

Introduction:

The Public Enterprises came into existence as a result of the expanding scope of public
administration. The advent of the concept of welfare state after the Second World War and the
increasing developmental initiative undertaken by Government across the world. g in big cities,
developed, managed and run by the government.
The establishment and growth of public enterprises can be traced back to several key historical
and socio-political developments, particularly in the aftermath of the Second World War.

1. The Emergence of the Welfare State:

After the Second World War, many nations, particularly in the West, began embracing the
concept of the welfare state. The welfare state is an idea where the government plays a
central role in ensuring the well-being of its citizens by providing various social services,
including healthcare, education, housing, unemployment benefits, and social security.

As part of this new role, governments took on more responsibility in the economic sphere.
They recognized that there were certain industries and services that were vital for the public
good but were either too costly, inefficient, or unable to be provided effectively by private
enterprises. This led to a broadening of the scope of public administration to encompass
not just governance and law enforcement but also economic development and the provision
of key services.

2. The Development of Public Enterprises:

To support the developmental initiatives of the welfare state, public enterprises were
established. These are businesses or organizations that are owned and operated by the
government, often in sectors that are seen as essential for national interest and public welfare.

Governments began to take a more active role in the economy to ensure the provision of
goods and services that were essential for national development, such as energy,
transportation, healthcare, education, and infrastructure. For example, many countries
established state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in industries like energy (oil, electricity),
transportation (railways, airlines), and telecommunications to ensure that these critical
services were available to all citizens, including those in rural or less economically developed
areas.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE No. 3
IM No.: BA 01 – 2S-2024-2025

3. Government Developmental Initiatives:

The increasing developmental initiatives of governments worldwide further accelerated the
need for public enterprises. Many governments adopted policies that aimed to:

• Promote industrialization and economic growth.

• Ensure self-sufficiency in key industries (e.g., energy, defense).
• Provide essential services to all citizens, including underserved communities.
• Create employment opportunities and contribute to poverty alleviation.

In many developing countries, public enterprises became instrumental in building the

infrastructure required for modernization, such as roads, bridges, airports, and energy grids.
These initiatives were particularly important in countries where private enterprises were either
unwilling to invest or lacked the resources to do so.

4. Strategic Importance of Public Enterprises:

5. Public enterprises were seen as vital for achieving national goals and strategic interests,
especially in industries critical to national security and economic independence. This includes:

• Defense and military: Government ownership in defense production (e.g., weapons

manufacturing).
• Energy: Governments often control energy resources (oil, gas, electricity) to ensure
national security and economic stability.
• Natural resources: Governments sometimes manage industries involving natural
resources like mining, water, or agriculture to avoid exploitation by foreign or private
interests.

5. Benefits and Challenges of Public Enterprises:

• Benefits:
o Universal access to key services, even in remote areas.
o Job creation and contribution to the national economy.
o Control over essential industries, which can be crucial for economic sovereignty
and national security.
o Promotion of economic development, especially in sectors such as infrastructure,
energy, and transportation.
• Challenges:
o Inefficiency and bureaucracy: Public enterprises, sometimes, may not operate as
efficiently as private enterprises due to a lack of competition, mismanagement, and
political interference.
o Financial burden: They can become a drain on government finances if not managed
well, leading to public debt or subsidies.
o Limited innovation: Public enterprises may not innovate as quickly or be as
responsive to market changes compared to private enterprises due to less competitive
pressure.

6. Conclusion:
In summary, public enterprises were developed as part of the expanding role of the
government in the economy, especially after the concept of the welfare state gained
prominence following the Second World War. The state sought to ensure that essential
services and industries were available for the public good, promoting national
development, stability, and well-being. Public enterprises played a crucial role in these
developmental objectives, though they also brought along challenges related to efficiency
and governance.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE No. 3
IM No.: BA 01 – 2S-2024-2025

A Private Enterprise - is an entity that operates under the ownership and management of
individuals that freely decided to develop a given business idea.

These entities are the corner stone of free markets, since they allow individuals to possess
ideas, concepts and assets that work together to produce positive financial results through wealth
creation. Under a market economy, private enterprise should be enforced to promote the system’s
development and growth. Individuals are empowered and motivated to pursue their self-interest
through business enterprises, with the incentive of wealth creation that can be amassed to
themselves through full ownership. They are also entirely managed by private individuals,
therefore excluding governments from having a vote in the company’s decisions and courses of
action.

• Micro-Business - are those with less than 10 employees.

• Small businesses - have 10 to 49 employees.
• Medium-sized businesses - have 50 to 249 employees
• Large Businesses – employ 250 people or more.
• Cottage Industry - is a small manufacturing operation, often run out of a person's home.
- The first cottage industries were light manufacturing operations in England and the
United States engaged in subcontracted garment-making, textiles or sewing, as well as
shoemaking and small metal machine parts. They may have been made up of family
members engaged in producing finished goods by utilizing raw materials supplied by a
business manager

1. Types of Business Industry for your Product/Service Line

a. Small Manufacturing Business

- A manufacturing business is one involved in converting raw materials into products needed
by society.

Examples of small business engaged in manufacturing are: printing press, garments

manufacturing, furniture shops, car assembly shop, vinegar and patis manufacturers, etc.

b. Small Service Business

- Service businesses are those that provide services in one way or another.

➢ Business services – those that provide service to other business. Examples are
accounting firms, janitorial services, security services, collection agencies, etc.

➢ Personal services – those who provide services to the person. Examples are tutoring
services, massage parlors, voice lesson, etc.

➢ Repair services-those that provide repair services to owners of various machinery and
appliances. Examples are auto repair shops, watch repair, plumbing services, etc.

➢ Entertainment and recreation– include movie houses, resorts, billiard pool centers, etc

➢ .Hotels and motels - hotel is an establishment that provides accommodation, meals, and
other services for a short-time basis. The services provided by a hotel depending on the
size and type of the hotel. For example, a small hotel may provide facilities such as basic
bed and storage (for clothing), but luxury hotels usually provide facilities such as en-suite
bathroom, swimming pool, childcare, room service, etc

A motel is considered a type of hotel which is designed primarily for motorists. The rooms
in motels are typically arranged in low blocks with parking directly outside.
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NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE No. 3
IM No.: BA 01 – 2S-2024-2025

➢ Education services – comprises establishments that provide instruction and training in a

wide variety of subjects. This instruction and training is provided by specialized
establishments, such as schools, colleges, universities, and training centers

c. Wholesaling
- refers to the activities of those persons or establishments which sell to retailers and other
merchants, and/or to industrial, institutional, and commercial users, but who do not sell in
large amount to final consumers. Examples of wholesalers are the soft drinks wholesaler in
local areas, dealers of suppliers and office equipment, grains wholesalers, etc. A big number
of these wholesale businesses are owned by small business operators.

d. Retailing
- covers all of the activities involved in the sale of goods and/or services to the final consumers.
The bulk of retailing activities are performed by small businesses. Examples are the retail
drugstore, the fast food shop, the appliance store etc.

e. General Construction Firms

- are those engaged in the construction of buildings whether private or for the government.
Many of them perform subcontracting jobs for the bigger contractors such as installing
electrical facilities and sewerage.

2. Characteristics of Small Business

Small businesses have their own distinctive characteristics. They are the following:
1. Independent management - The owner is also the manager
2. Small capital requirements - Small businesses require only small capital and this can be
supplied by a single or a few individuals.
3. Mostly local operation - Small business usually operates in a certain locality although there
are cases when the market is not confined to a local area.

3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Operating a Small Business

✓ Advantages of Operating a Small Business –
A small business operator keeps long working hours and absorbs whatever damages that happen
as a result of faulty decision-making. However, he likewise afforded the following benefits:

1. The opportunity to gain control over his own destiny,

2. The opportunity to reach his full potential,
3. The opportunity to reap unlimited profits, and
4. The opportunity to make contribution to society and receive recognition for his efforts.

✓ Disadvantages of Operating a Small Business –

Although certain advantages accrue to the small business operator, there are certain
disadvantages that must be considered. Zimmerer and Scarborough listed the following potential
drawbacks for small business:

1. Uncertainty of income,
2. Risk of losing your entire invested capital,
3. Lower quality of life until the business gets established, and
4. Complete responsibility.
5. Having to serve undesirable customers,
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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE No. 3
IM No.: BA 01 – 2S-2024-2025

6. Paper works and other chores, and

7. Long hours and demanding work conditions.

4. Form of Business According to Ownership

There are different types of business organization that an entrepreneur can choose from
depending on their capital and objectives. The choice of business organization affects the
business operation based from the different characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of each
business organization.
The following are the strengths and weaknesses of each business organization (Lorenzana:
2003):

a) Single/Sole Proprietorship

A sole proprietorship is the simplest form of business ownership. A sole proprietorship is that
type of business entity owned and operated by a single person. That sole owner may engage in
any form of legal business activity anytime and anywhere. The owner is responsible for securing
and investing the funds for the business. These funds may come from the owner's existing or
borrowed financial resources.

• Advantages of Sole Proprietorship

1. Easy to start and to terminate
2. Control or management lies entirely in the hands of the owner
3. Only a small amount of capital is required in starting
4. Profit belongs entirely to the owner
5. High credit standing

• Disadvantages of Sole Proprietorship

1. Limited judgment and wisdom
2. Limited amount of capital
3. Unlimited Liability
4. Difficulties of Management

b) Partnership
-Is a legal association of two or more person who binds themselves to contribute money, property,
or industry to a common fund with the intention of dividing the profit among themselves.

In civil law systems, a partnership is a nominate contract between individuals who, in a spirit of
cooperation, agree to carry on an enterprise; contribute to it by combining property, knowledge or
activities; and share its profit. Partners may have a partnership agreement, or declaration of
partnership and in some jurisdictions such agreements may be registered and available for public
inspection. In many countries, a partnership is also considered to be a legal entity, although
different legal systems reach different conclusions on this point.

• Advantages of Partnership
1 It could be as easily formed as the single proprietorship
2 There are more persons to conduct the business and to handle its problems
3 A partnership has access to greater or better credit facilities
4 The combined ability and resources of partners are a source of strength
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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE No. 3
IM No.: BA 01 – 2S-2024-2025

5 Retention of valuable employees.

• Disadvantages of Partnership
1. Unlimited liability of partners
2. Disagreement between partners often lead to delay and difficulties which could endanger
the enterprise
3. Easy dissolution
4. Frozen investment

c) Corporation
-A form of business operation that declares the business as a separate, legal entity guided by a
group of officers known as the board of directors.

Historically, corporations were created by a charter granted by government. Today, corporations

are usually registered with the state, province, or national government and regulated by the laws
enacted by that government. Registration is the main prerequisite to the corporation's assumption
of limited liability. The law sometimes requires the corporation to designate its principal address,
as well as a registered agent (a person or company designated to receive legal service of
process). It may also be required to designate an agent or other legal representative of the
corporation.

• Advantages of Corporation

1. Ease of acquiring large amount of capital

2. Flexible ownership
3. Limited liability of stockholders
4. More or less permanent existence
5. Legal entity

• Disadvantages of Corporation

1. Organizational expense
2. Government restrictions and reports
3. Lack of personal interest
4. Lack of secrecy

d) Cooperatives
Cooperatives are an organization wherein the owner is also a consumer. Cooperative is a
business organization owned and operated by a group of individuals for their mutual benefit.

Cooperatives are defined by the International Co-operative Alliance's Statement on the Co-
operative Identity as autonomous associations of persons united voluntarily to meet their common
economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through jointly-owned and democratically-
controlled enterprises. A cooperative may also be defined as a business owned and controlled
equally by the people who use its services or by the people who work there. Cooperative
enterprises are the focus of study in the field of cooperative economics.

5. Business Planning
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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE No. 3
IM No.: BA 01 – 2S-2024-2025

Planning - is a management process concerned with defining goals for a company's future
direction and determining the resources required to achieve those goals. Managers may develop
a variety of plans (business plan, marketing plan, etc.) during the planning process.

What is a Business Plan?

➢ Medina (2002) defines business plan as a document containing “a written summary of the
proposed venture, its operational and financial details, and its manager’s skills and abilities.”
➢ is a written outline that you present to others, such as investors, whom you want to recruit into
your venture. It’s your pitch to your investors, sharing with them what the goals of your startup
are and how you expect to be profitable.

➢ Authors Hisrich and Peters defined or described the business plan as a written document
prepared by the entrepreneur that describes all the relevant external and internal elements
involved in starting a new venture.

➢ David E. Gumpert
-A business plan is a document that convincingly demonstrates the ability of a business to sell
its products or services to make satisfactory profit and be attractive to potential backers.
A business plan is a selling document that conveys the excitement and promise of your
business to any potential backers or stakeholders.

6. Importance of a Business Plan.

A written business plan is necessary or needed for the following reasons:

1. To project the picture of the business project.
2. To serve as a guide in implementing the business or project.
3. To serve as a major input to investment decisions or major expenditures.
4. To serve as a guide or reference to policy formulation and development.
5. To serve as a guide for operational matters.
6. To serve as a reference for bank loans or financing purposes.
7. To determine or estimate the detailed technical and financial requirements.
8. To serve as an overall guide for the proponent or entrepreneur.

▪ Some Rules to Observed in Writing your Business Plan

Although there is no prescribed format for writing the business plan, Blechman and Levinson
recommend the following rules or guide that can be used in writing the business plan.
1. Make it neat. Appearance is important and it can reflect the personality of the maker. Make
it simple and avail of latest technology available in the market.
2. Make it grammatically correct. Be sure to have the final version of the write up corrected
or edited by professional or qualified editors.
3. Make it honest. Do not exaggerate or lie. Tell or write exactly as it is. Financial sources are
looking for integrity and honesty. Be sure to support your assumptions.
4. Write in layman’s language. Communicate in simple language and not in technical jargon,
unless it is really called for. Take note that finance people are more concerned with financial
viability and technical soundness of your business plan.
5. Don’t overemphasize your product or business. Product or service is just part of the
business and the business itself requires a lot of other resources that is dependent from one
another. However, no financial sources want a full course on your product line but these
organizations are interested on how the business will be run – and how it will make money.
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NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE No. 3
IM No.: BA 01 – 2S-2024-2025

Hence, do not sell the product or service (to the financier) but sell the company or the business
venture.

7. Business Plan Format and Guidelines in writing business plan

Outline format of a business plan (from Hisrich and Peters)
I. Introductory Page
i. Name and address of business
ii. Name and address of principals
iii. Nature of business - is a written outline that you present to others, such as investors,
whom you want to recruit into your venture. It’s your pitch to your investors, sharing with
them what the goals of your startup are and how you expect to be profitable.
iv. Statement of financing needed
v. Statement of confidentiality of report

II. Executive Summary

-This section outlines the company and includes the mission statement along with any
information about the company's leadership, employees, operations, and location.

III. Industry Analysis

A. Future outlook and trends – (ex. Strengthen Social Media Visibility. There is no
doubt that social media is one of the best marketing/advertising tools for small
businesses.
B. Analysis of competitors - competitor analysis should include your competitors'
features, market share, pricing, marketing, differentiators, strengths, weaknesses,
geography, culture and customer reviews. This article is for new and established small
business owners who want to analyze their competition to improve their products or
services.
C. Market segmentation -refers to aggregating prospective buyers into groups or
segments with common needs and who respond similarly to a marketing action.
D. Industry forecasts - help you assess the size and dynamics of key markets, and plan
your business strategies.

IV. Description of Venture

A. Product/Service
B. Size of business
C. Office equipment and personnel
D. Background of entrepreneur

V. Production Plan
A. Manufacturing process
B. Physical plant
C. Machinery and equipment
D. Names of suppliers of raw materials

VI. Marketing Plan

A. Pricing
B. Distribution
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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE No. 3
IM No.: BA 01 – 2S-2024-2025

C. Promotion
D. Product Forecast
E. Controls

VII. Organizational Plan

A. Form of ownership
B. Nature of business
C. Organizational structure
D. Job description and specifications

VIII. Assessment of Risk

A. Evaluate weaknesses of business
B. New technologies
C. Contingency plan (SWOT Analysis)

IX. Financial Plan

A. Income Statement
B. Balance Sheet
C. Cash Flow projection
D. Break-even analysis
E. Sources of funds

X. Appendix (contains backup materials)

A. Letters
B. Market research data
C. Leases or contracts
D. Price list from suppliers

➢ Guidelines in Writing your Business Plan

1. State your Objectives. This section comes first in a business plan. You tell your reader who you
are, what your business goals are and when you expect these goals to be accomplished. If you
are submitting your plan to a bank, you may indicate how much you want to borrow and what you
plan to do with the funds.
Example of Stating Your Objectives

“Signature” is an enterprise involved in the manufacturing and retailing of ready-to-wear

men’s’ clothes. Its goals are:
1. To start manufacturing and retailing by January 2020.
2. To achieve profitability by January 2021
3. To seek adequate financing for the first 18 months of operation.

2. Describe the Business. This section gives background information on your business and how it
is currently doing:
For a new business. Instead of brief history, explain what the business will be, how the idea for
your business was conceived, and how the business is expected to develop.
For an existing business. Provide the following information: business name, date and place of
registration, when actual operation began, a brief history of your business, and names of owners,
partners, or major investors.
3. Describe Your Products or Services. Give a detailed description of your products or services
so the reader gets a clear idea of what you are selling. Also give applications or uses of your
products that may not be apparent. In this portion of your plan, you should note the competitive

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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE No. 3
IM No.: BA 01 – 2S-2024-2025

advantages your product has over other similar products, as well as identify the products you will
be competing with. You should be able to state your product’s advantages and disadvantages.
4. Identify Your Potential Market. Determine who are your present or projected customers and
how many. Be as specific as possible. Are you selling to bookstores? A grocery store? A small
ladies’ boutique? If you are selling to the general public, you may need to group potential
customers according to age, gender, income, education, and other demographic factors. You
then ask yourself how you can make use of the information. If, for example, you know that your
potential customers will likely be children aged between three to ten, what does this tell you about
your location? Your advertising? Your prices?
5. Identify your Competitors. Rather than pose as threats to you, your competition should drive
you to do your best. Learn as much as you can about them. Include the following information in
your plan:
a. Description of Competitors – Identify businesses likely to become your competitors. Name
them.
b. Size of Competitors – Determine your competitors’ assets and sales volume.
c. Profitability of Competitors - Which of your competitors are making money? Which are losing,
and by how much?
d. Operating Methods – Determine the operating methods of each of your major competitors in
terms of pricing strategy; quality of products and services; servicing; warranties; and
packaging; methods of selling and distribution channels; credit terms; location; advertising
and promotion; reputation; and inventory levels. Discuss only the items relevant to your
business.

6. Consider your Pricing Policy. In pricing your goods and services, all relevant factors should be
considered, like cost of production and distribution as well as the degree of acceptance by the
market. Another factor to consider is the pricing structure of your competitors. Of course, the aim
of your pricing policy should be to set the price at a level that maximizes profit in the long run.

7. Determine your Marketing Methods. Having a good product at a reasonable price is not enough.
Your business plan must answer the following questions:

a. How will you promote or advertise your business?

b. How will you sell your product? Will you employ salespeople?
c. What channels of distribution will you use to reach your customers?
d. What do your customers think of your product? How can you improve your image as an
enterprise?

8. Determine your Key Personnel. Identify the key people in your business including you as the
owner and manager. If your business is a corporation, list the names and address of all directors.
If your business is a partnership, list the names and addresses of all the partners.

9. Identify your Material Requirements and Sources of Supply. List down what materials you
will need and where you will get them. Include only direct materials; office supplies and other
indirect materials should not be included in the list.

You should prepare a table for the materials. For each of them, state how many suppliers is, and
why. Your readers will see that you have carefully thought out who your best suppliers will be.

10. Determine the Process and Equipment you Will Use to manufacture your Product. Give a
detailed explanation of your production process. For each step, explain the work done, as well
as the equipment and materials used. If you are presenting a complex process, include a diagram
showing your work-flow. Assign positions for the jobs that need to be done and estimate how
many people you need to employ for each position. Set salary rates, too.

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IM No.: BA 01 – 2S-2024-2025

11. Prepare a Sales Forecast. Include a sales forecast that covers at least two years of operation.
For the first year, present your sales on a monthly basis, and explain how you arrived at the figures
and at the assumptions on which they are based.

12. Prepare a Budget. Prepare a budget showing a detailed projected source of income and
expenditures. Projections should be prepared every month during the first year of operation and
every quarter for the second and third years.

13. Set your Plan to Work. You are ready to set your plan to work. It is time to raise funds, obtain
a license, purchase facilities and supplies, hire and train people, and start operating. Remember
that if you are to succeed, you must be prepared to work long hours and must be totally committed
to your business.

VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES:

Activity No. 1. Modified TRUE OR FALSE
Quiz (Answer key)
Activity No. 2. Business Plan Application
Accomplish the following parts of business plan application
a. Business plan proposed title
b. Description of your business proposal
c. Description of your competitors
d. Description of the proposed location

Rubrics
Criteria Excellent Fair Poor
(4) (3) (2/1)
Content Interesting content Some interesting Gives the impression of
and presentation; content; points not writing just to complete
ideas well-conceived sustainable or not for compliance.
and developed with fully developed.
sufficient examples.
Organization Logical progression Logical progression Disorganized
of ideas with well but lacks transitions. presentation of id eas.
executed transition of
ideas.
Grammar and Essay is free of Essay has few Most spelling,
mechanics distracting spelling, spelling, punctuation, punctuation and
punctuation and and grammatical grammar create reading
grammatical errors. errors. difficult to understand the
concept.
Examples Cited example is very Cited example is not Cited example is not
cited visible so visible visible

“In accordance with Section 185. Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this materi al may be reproduced
for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution ”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 12 of 11
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE No. 3
IM No.: BA 01 – 2S-2024-2025

VIII. ASSIGNMENT: To be announced/given.

VII. EVALUATION (Note: Not to be included in the student’s copy of the IM)
VIII. REFERENCES

A. Books
-Drummond, H. (2009), How to be a Successful Entrepreneur, Spot the Opportunity, Take a Risk
and Build a Brilliant Business, Kogan Page, London and Philadelphia.
-Fajardo, F.R.(2002), Entrepreneurship: Mandaluyong City, Philippines: National Bookstore.
-Hisrich, R. D. et.al, (2008), Entrepreneurship 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill International Edition.
Orcullo, N.A. Jr., 2000, Contemporary Entrepreneurship: Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Academic
Publishing Corporation.
B. Online Sources
Department of trade and Industry website: (accessed 2002)
http://www.dti.govph/ncr/register_bn.htmlbsmbd/howtostart_abusiness.html
http://www.dtl.gov.ph/bsmbd/register_business.html
DOLE website: http://www.dole.gov.ph/html/knowrights.html
http://www.dti.gov.ph/

By: JANE B. SIERRA

“In accordance with Section 185. Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this materi al may be reproduced
for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution ”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 13 of 11