Unit Arithmetic — Indices, Estimation, Significant Figures, ID Standard Form (a) Express 6700 in standard form. (b) 3x 10°+ 2% 10" +4 x 10' +5 x 10° = 3024-05, where x and y are inte Write down the value of x and the value of y. (2200071715) (a) Write down, correct to the nearest integer, the value of (896 . (b) In 1998 there were 4-9 « 10” people living in England and of these 9-3 ~ 10° were under 16 years of age. Find the number of people who were 16 or over. Give your answer in standard form. €N2000/1/9) (a) Write down, correct to the nearest integer, the value of /397 . (b) Find the value of 3-6 * 10” - 6-4 « 10%. Give your answer in standard form. (int'l Exam N2000/1/9) (a) Express Rs 15471 correct to (the nearest thonsand mines (Gi) 3 significant figures. (b) The length of each side of an equilateral triangle is 8 cm, correct to the nearest centimetre. Complete the sentence in the answer space to show the smallest and largest possible values of the perimeter of the triangle. em s perimeter < em (Int Exam N2000/1/17) It is given that m= 8 x 10? and n= 4 x 10°, Expressing your answers in standard form, find (a) mxn, (bo) #. (J2001/1/7) ‘A Football Club paid $15 million for a player. A newspaper reported that the Club would have to sell 75174 tickets to cover the cost. (a) Write down 75174 correct to two significant figures. (b) Use your answer to (a) and the information above to estimate the cost, in dollars, uf a ticket. (32001/1/9) Find the value of ? x 7°. ((N2001/1/2b) Find the value of 42x 2°, (Int'l Exam N2001/1/5b) (a) Express, correct to two significant figures, (386.71, Gil) 0.02049. (b) Hence estimate, correct to one significant figure, the value of 386.71 * 0.02049. (N200171/7) (iD)1. 18, 20. (a) A pile of 1500 sheets of paper is 6 cm high. Find the thickness of one sheet of paper (i) in contimetres, giving your answer as a decimal. in mewes, giving your answer in ' standard form. 6cm (b) Each sheet of paper is 30 em long and 20 cm wide. ' Find the toral surface area of both sides of one sheet of paper, giving your answer in ‘square metres. (N2001/1/12) (a) Fxpress. correct to two significant figures, (i) 288.5 i) 0.03026. (b) Hence estimate. correct to one icant figure, the value of 288.54 0.03026. (Int'l Exam N2001/1/7) Express 0.0032 in standard form. (2002/1/4b) (a) Calculate the value of 94+ 9° (b) The reciprocal of 2° is 2". Write down the value of n. (92002/1/3) Given that m 2 and n= 4, evaluate Sm’. (12002/2/2bi) “A> =r Find the value of n. (N2002/1/6b) The population of Europe is approximately 7.0 10° ‘The population of Asia is approximately 3.5 10”. The mean mass of the population of Europe is approximately 62 ky. (a) Giving your answers in standard form, estimate (i)_ the total mass of the population of Europe, (ii) hoe many more people live in Asia than in Europe. (b) Express the population of Europe as a percentage of the population of Asia, (N2002/1/12) (a) Itis given that 5 « 5*= 1. Write down the value of k. (b) Itis given that y7= 7". Write down the value of m. (92003/1/7) Find a, b and ¢ when (a) 3°=3°=27, () 125*=5, (©) 10°=0.001 (N2003/1/12) Find a, 6 and c when (@) 3°+3'=27, (b) 64! (© 10°=0.0001 (Ine'1 Exam N2003/1/11) Evaluate (4) (N2004/1/6b) (py2 24, 20. p=3.2*10" and g=8* 10". Expressing your answers in standard form, evaluate @¢ (b) poo. (92003/1/9) ‘The thickness of a sheet of paper Is 8 » 10 ° em. Find the thickness of two sheets of paper. givi four answer in standard form. _(N2003/1/86) ‘The thickness ofa sheet of paper is 8 « 10 cm. Find the thickness of three sheets of paper, giving, your answer in standard form. (int Exam N2003/1/7b) An atom of helium has a mass of 6.8 * 10 kilograms. (a) Express this mass in grams. Give your answer in standard form. (b) Aroom contains 9 « 10” atoms of helium, Find the mass of helium in the room. Give your answer in grams as a normal decimal number. (0N2004/1/12) (a) The number 222.222 is written as shown. Circle the digit wt 2x1. represents the value 222.222 (b) Write 5 107 as a fraction in its simplest form. (©) Evaluate 8? (12005/1/16) The population of a country is 32x 10°. ‘There are 8x 10° children. (a) What fraction of the whole population are children? Give your answer in its simplest form. (b) Find the number of adults. Give your answer in standard form. (¢N2005/1/5) Complete the statements, (a) 4872 corect to 1 significant figure 8 oon (b) 4872 correct tO nun Significant figures is 4870. (02006/1/4) The thickness of an oil film is 0.000 004 cm. (a) Express 0.000 004 in standard form. (b) The oil covers an area of 20m’, Calculate the volume of the oil in cubic centimetres. (32006/1/9) (a) Evaluate 3*+3° (b) Simplify iy? o (4). (x) (1D)330. 3 32. 33, 34. 35. 36. ‘The distance from the Earth to the Sun is e kilometres, where ‘The distance from the Sun to Mercury is m kilometres, where m (a) Express e:m as the ratio of two integers in its simplest form. 6x10" (b) Earth Sun Mercury ° e . 1.5% 108m 6% 107km—= The diagram shows when the Earth, the Sun and Mercury are in a straight line, with the Sun between the Earth and Merc Find the distance from the Earth to Mercury. Give your answer in standard form. (N2006/1/10) Evaluate @ I”, 5 ©) 43, (© (0.2)? (a) It is given that p=4x10° and g=8x10% Expressing your answers in standard form, find of @ %. (08200711178) 2 (@) Estimate the value, correct to one significant figure, of 403-%29.88 (b) Sam ran 100 metres in 12 seconds. Calculate his average speed in kilometres per hour, ¢N2007/1/19) By writing each number correct to 1 significant figure, estimate the value of 8.622.047 0.285 (2081/4) Evaluate @* m7, © %. (1200811/8) ‘The Earth is 1.5 * 10° kilometres from the Sun. (@ Mercury is 5.81 * 10? kilometres from the Sun, How much nearer is the Sun to Mercury than to the Earth? Give your answer in standard form. (b) A terametre is 10" metres. Find the distance of the Earth from the Sun in terametres. (20081118) (p)431. 38. 39. AL 2. 43. By writing cach number correct to | significant figure, estimate the value of A basketball stadium has 13492 seats During a season a basketball team played 26 matches and every seat was sold for cach match, ‘At each match a seat costs $18.80. By writing each value correct to 1 paid to watch these matches during the season It is given that m=2.1x10" and n=3x10*, Expressing your answers in standard form, find @ (b) +m. (@) Factorise x -y?. (b) Evaluate 1027-98". (a) Convert 0.8 kilometres into millimetres. (b) Evaluate (6.3 x 10°) + (9 * 10°), giving your answer in standard form. ‘Tom estimated the population af five countries in 2020. ‘The table below shows these estimates. 2.35x10" 1.95x10° Lax? Japan 1.3610" United Kingdom 6.910" fcant figure, estimate the total amount of money (N200811/4) (N2008/177) (2009/1/4) (22009/1/8) (a) Which country did he estimate would have a population about 20 times that of the United Kingdom? (b) How many more people did he estimate would be in Japan than in Australia? Give your answer in Standard form, 48.90.2077 3h (1D)s ((N2009/1/7) (2010/14) @2010/1/5)44, The mass and diameter of the planets in the inner solar system Planet Diaineter (km) Mercury 480 ‘Vems 12100 Earth 12800 Mas =| 642107 6790 are shown in the table. (a) Lise the planets in order of mass, starting with the lowest. (&) Find the radius, in kilometres, of Mars, giving your answer correct to 1 significant figure. (©) Giving your answer in standard form, find the total mass, in kilograms, of Venus and Mars. (@) IThevolumeotaspherets 4a? Giving your answer in standard form, find the volume, in cubic kilometres, of the Earth. 45, (a) Evalugte 5-5" () Simpify (52°). (©) Simplify (sy 46. (a) Express, correct to two significant figures, (@ 15823.769, (ii) 0.0030489. (2010723) (x2010/1/10) (b) Use your answers to part (a) to estimate, correct to one significant figure, the value of 47. (a) The mass of one grain of rice is 0.000 02 kg. Write 0.000 02 in standard 15823.769 » 0.030489. form. (n210/122) (b) The table shows the amoynt of rice grown in some countries in 2002. | hina () Write these amounts in order, smallest first. ‘Amount Gonnes) | 1.2 «10° (i) Calculate the difference in the amount of rice grown in Brazil and Vietnam. Give your answer in standard form. (1D) 6 (Q2011/1/13)49, 50. SI. 32 33. (a) Express 0.047 852 correct to two decimal places. (b) Estimate the value of V200. giving your answer correct to two significant figures. (©) By writing each number correct to one significant figure, estimate the value of 212x197? 0.763 (J2011/1/19) 2 (@) Evaluate (3) (b) Evahuate 64 (©) Simplify (22F. (201i *y (a) Express the number 0.000 042 in standard form. (b) Calculate (7x10")x(3%10"), giving your answer in standard form. (N2011/1/5) (@) Evaluate 4°-47, (b) Simplify (2x7) (N2011/1/7) By writing each number correct to two significant figures, estimate, correct to one significant figure, the value of Vi1094—02034%368.62. xo The table below shows the populations of some countries in 2010. Indonesia Mexico Russia 14x 108 Senegal 14x 107 South Korea 48x10" (a) The population of Mexico was 111210000. In the table above, complete the row for Mexico. Give your answer in standard form, correct to two significant figures. (b) Complete the following sentences. ‘The population uf Russia is ten times the population of .. The population of is one fifth of the population of Indonesia. (©) Calculate the difference in population between South Korea and Senegal. Give your answer in standard form. 2012/1720) (1D)755, 37. 58, 59, (a) Find the value of @ when 3? =+3* = 37 (b) Find the value of 6 when 8*=2 (x20124/n1) (2) Write the number 0.040 589 correct to 3 significant figures. (b) Giving your answer in standard form, evaluate 6x10 +8x107 (©) Estimate, correct to the nearest whole number, the value of /97 — 35. Show clearly the approximate values you use. n2012 (a) Write 0,0040751 correct to two significant figures. (&) VI3T ties between two consecutive integers. Complete the inequality below with these integers. (©) Add brackets t0 the statement below to make it correct, “ 3x2+1?=49 (2013/19) (a) Evaluate 47, sy (&) Simplify (2) 92013/1/16) y The table shows information about the annual coffee production of some countries in 2010. Br Vietnam 1.85 * 107 Colombia 9.2 108 Indonesia 8.5 x 10° (@) In 2010, Brazil produced 48 million bags of coffee. Complete the table with the coffee production for Brazil, using standard form, (b) How many more bags of coffee were produced in Vietnam than in Colombia? (©) The mass of a hag of coffee is 60 kg. Work out the number of kilograms of goffee produced in Indonesia. Give your answer in standard form. (2013/1/18) (a) Write the number 35000000 in standard form. , ; 4.2x107 (©) Giving your answer in standard form, evaluate “3 Oe~ (N2013/177) (1D)861. o. @) (b) © (a) ) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) @ b) By @ (b) vate (8) Simplify 3} fi gy 22 Y 3 Simplify 2, (N2013/1/12) 6xy" Express 0.000 085 2 in standard form. Calculate (3x10*)+(6x10"), giving your answer in standard form. (s2014/1/5) Write 405917628 correct to three significant figures. By writing each number correct to one significant figure, estimate the value of 413 9.79 x 0.765 (22014/1/10) Evaluate @ 9216, 4 (i) 16? -16°, 3a)” Simpli . 02014/1/19) iy (eh) iS » Write the value of 1234.567, correct to 2 significant figures. Write down an estimate for the value of /28 (N2014/1/5) Write the number 0.000567 in standard form. js js 3x10 GGving your answer in standard form, evaluate “IT 2014/1712) writing each number correct to one significant figure, estimate the value of 29.3” 2004x0874" (02015/1/6) Write 0.000 005 21 in standard form, Giving your answer in standard form, evaluate (6«10")x (5x10), (2015/19) (D98 a. (a) Evaluate (i) 2° +2’ © GF (b) Simplify (4x77 (2015/1/16) (@) Write the number 9.050 462 correct 10 3 significant figures, (0) By writing cach number correct to 1 significant figws. eximate the value of 8.940.201 288 (N2015/1/5) (@) Express the number 0.000045. in standard form. (b) p=6xl0® gq =4x10" Expressing each answer in standard form, find @ pxa (i p-4. (N2015/1/10) (@) Evaluate (3} 3)" (&) Evaluate ( 3) (© Simplify xy. (nzois/inyy (aD) 101 ta) 6700 10" () FL 2 «a 30 bo soTee ) 2s a) 20 be 296-10" 3oc10 (2) Gi) RSTS0O Gir RSHSSO0 is 2-10 (0) 2Somspermar 285 e mod 5. @) 321 a 210 1b) 30kmh 6. (a) 75000 aby S200 1 3. 120 sl a) 1b) ee) 27 9. ta) W) 390 Gi) 0.020 8 36. (a) Suns 9.1910" km nearer to Mercury 10. @) Wi) 0008 iy tea than to Earth ©) Olam (b) distance = 0.15 terametres 11. @) 290 Gi) 0030 mo ” 37. Total amount paid = (10000 x 20)(30) 12, 32-00 S4ane ana 13. a) 4 3 38. (a) men=ToI 14, 40 (b) nm? +m =9.21x 10° ts. 34 39. ta) xt yMs—y) (bY BOO 16. (a) Gi) 434» 10"Ke es Oo ewe 40, (a) 800000 millimetre (b) 20% A. (a) 204(6.94107)=1.3810" 17, @) &=2 0) om 14x10" ie China 18. @ a=8 ro) ARE " . 19. @ 0-7) 5-4) (D) (1.36108) ~(2.35%107)=1.125 10 uO 1.125%10" more people would be in 21 @) 64*107 (by 4108 Japan, 22. 16+ 10%em AO ®t 23. 2410" 3 2A (a) 68> 102) 062g 3, s89x02072 _ 50x02? S05 25, (a) 22 2.222 394 . a oe 44. (a) Mercury. Mars. Venus, Earth. 4 F Radivs of Mars = £20 26.) 5 2 () 2410 o>) 395 = 3000 km. (©) Total mass of Venus and Mars 27, (a) 4872 corteotw I significant Figure is $000, es is 4870, = 4.8710" + 6.4210" 110 ke (b) 4872 correct to 3 significant fi 28, (a) 410" (b) 08cm’ (1D)! Answers45, 46, 47. 48, 49. 50, 31 2 33 54, (0) Youme ot eat = 4x 5 { ee) 3 2 = 1.09821<10" =1.10%10" km? 56 ws wast 4 0 + oF 37 (@) (i) 15823.769 = 16000 8 (ii) 0.0030489 = 0.0030 () 500s (@) 2x10" so () (i) 16x10%, 2.110", 80x10", 12x10 6. (ii) 2.110" =7.6 10° = 1.34510" tonnes (@ 00s 61. (b) J200 = J196 = 14 62. 212e1,97* _ 2002" O76 08 500 fa (@) 16 () 16 oe % 64 () 42«10% () 210 1s ‘ @ i (b) 8 6s, ViT0=020%370 =Vil=74 = 46 66. (2) Population of Mexico = 1.110" (b) The population of Russia is ten times 67. the population of .......S@nezal.. The population of ...Sauth. Korea... is one fifth of the population of Indonesia. 68 (© 34x10" (a) a6 (1D)2 55, Answers (a) 0.040589 = 0.0406 (©) 68x10" (©) 97-35 = J100 - 36 =4 (a) 0.0041 (©) x2+N? =49 eo © % 48x10" (by 93x10" Coffee produced in Indonesia = 60% (85x10°) = 5.110" ke @ © 35x10" 9 3 nom by > a &) ? es ay @) (be) L4x10* @ © (a) 852x104 (a) (b) (b) 5.010% ~ 406 000 000 (3 sig.fig.) 413 40 T9075” TOx 0 @ o 6 w Gi) 3 (a) 1200 » (b) 6.010"? (a) 0,00000521 = 5.21 x10* (b) 3.010" @ @ 9 © Be70. @ voses 8940201 _ 902 () TEs 30 = 006 (a) 4.5x10° (b) (i) PXq= 24x10" (i) pP~q= 56x10" @ (b) (©) 8ix® (1D)3 Answers