ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (A.
P)
CLASS X WINTER COACHING
SIR DEVEN’S FORMULA SHEET
ST. ANTHONY’S SCHOOL GIRLS
Numbers are in A.P if :
2nd no −¿ 1st no = 3rd no −¿ 2nd no
Example:
If a, b , c are in A.P then,
b −¿a = c −¿ b
or, 2b = c +¿ a
Here,
a 1st no
d (common difference) = 2nd no −¿ 1st no
first term (1st term) = a
second term (2nd term)… a2 = a +¿ d
third term (3rd term) …a3 = a +¿ 2d
fourth term (4th term) ….a4 = a +¿ 3d
.
nth term ….an = a +¿ (n −¿ 1)d
Note:
If the question says find the A.P then, you
always have to find the first 4 terms, i.e.
a, a +¿ d, a +¿ 2d , a +¿ 3d
Also note,
nth term is also the last term i.e. “l”
l = a +¿ (n −¿ 1) d
Whenever it says SUM of 3 numbers of an A.P then it is
an EXCEPTION:
Normal Exception
(1st term) = a (1st term) = a −¿ d
a2 = a +¿ d a2 = a
a3 = a +¿ 2d a3 = a +¿ d
SUM
Sn = n [ 2a +¿ (n – 1) d] Sn = n ( a +¿ l)
2 2
Note:
When Sum of 2 terms are given and if we have
to find the “ nth “ term then,
an = Sn −¿ Sn – 1
Note:
nth term from the last:
= l −¿ (n −¿ 1) d
CLASS X
MATHEMATICS
WINTER COACHING
G.P FORMULAS
Numbers are in G.P if :
2nd term
1 st term = 3 rd term
2nd term
Example:
If a, b , c are in G.P then,
b
a = c
b
or,
b2 = ac
common ratio = 2nd term
1 st term
If the first term and the common ratio is given,
Example:
a first term, r common ratio
then,
G.P is a , ar , ar2 , ar3
first term (1st term) = a
second term (2nd term)… a2 = ar
third term (3rd term) …a3 = ar2
fourth term (4th term) ….a4 = ar3
nth term ….an = a r n-1
Also note,
nth term is also the last term i.e. “l”
l = a r n-1
Whenever it says PRODUCT of 3 numbers
of a G.P then it is an EXCEPTION:
Normal Exception
a
(1st term) = a (1st term) = r
a2 = ar a2 = a
a3 = ar2 a3 = ar
nth term from the end = l ( 1r )n – 1
SUM
1. Whenever “ r ¿ 1”[ i.e between 0.1 to 0.9 ]
(within range)
then,
Sum = a ( 1 −¿ rn)
1 −¿ r
2.Whenever “ r “ is not within range then,
Sum = a (r n −¿ 1 )
r −¿ 1
3. Whenever “ r “ = 1 then,
Sum = na
4.Whenever “ l “ or last term is given then,
Sum = a −¿ lr
1 −¿ r
Note:
If the question says find the G.P then,
you always have to find the first 4 terms, i.e.
a, ar , ar2, ar3
3 similar types of sums in A. P
1.Difference:
Whenever you have difference in the
question then, it’s always:
Bigger term −¿ Smaller term
Example:
The sixth term is 18 and the difference between the 12th
term and the 15th term is 18. Find the 20th term.
Solution: a15 - a12 = 18
( a + 14d) −¿ ( a + 11d ) = 18
a + 14d −¿ a −¿ 11d = 18
3d = 18
d = 6
2. Less than:
Whenever you have less than in the
question, it is always,
2nd term −¿ 1st term
Example:
(i) x less than 5 means,
5 −¿ x
(ii) 6th term is 8 less than the 9th term
a6 = 8 less than a9
a6 = a9 −¿ 8
8 = a9 −¿ a6
3. Exceeds:
Whenever you have exceeds in the sum
it means,
1st term −¿ 2nd term = 3rd term
Example:
(i) 7 exceeds 3 by 4 means,
7 −¿ 3 = 4
(ii ) 9th term exceeds the 7th term by 14
a9 −¿ a7 = 14
