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The document outlines the history of atomic theory, starting from early philosophers Leucippus and Democritus to John Dalton's atomic theory, which posits that matter is made of indivisible atoms. It discusses subsequent discoveries by J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, and Niels Bohr, leading to the modern understanding of atomic structure, including protons, neutrons, and electrons. The document also introduces the Electron Cloud Model proposed by Erwin Schrödinger, which describes the probable locations of electrons around the nucleus.

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2 views

quiz.atoms (1)

The document outlines the history of atomic theory, starting from early philosophers Leucippus and Democritus to John Dalton's atomic theory, which posits that matter is made of indivisible atoms. It discusses subsequent discoveries by J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, and Niels Bohr, leading to the modern understanding of atomic structure, including protons, neutrons, and electrons. The document also introduces the Electron Cloud Model proposed by Erwin Schrödinger, which describes the probable locations of electrons around the nucleus.

Uploaded by

phototoy2021
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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────୨ৎ──── SCIENCE 9 | UAN ────୨ৎ────

I. HISTORY OF ATOMS DALTON’S SOLID SPHERE


• Dalton also theorized about how atoms
LEUCIPPUS AND DEMOCRITUS combine to make compounds and was
LEUCIPPUS OF MILETUS (CIRCA 480-420 the
B.C.E) originated the concept of the atom.

DEMOCRITUS OF ABDERA (CIRCA 460-371


B.C.E) was a pupil of Leucippus.

ATOMIC THEORY
• Matter is made up of invisible particles
called atoms.
o Atom comes from the Greak
word
“atomos” meaning uncuttable.
• Atoms are completely solid with no
internal structure.
• Atoms differ in size, shape, and weight,

ATOMS
• The smallest particle of matter which
will exhibit the properties of that
element.
• Building blocks

ATOMIC THEORY OF JOHN DALTON


• In 1803, John Dalton proposed the
atomic theory of matter which was
based on the work of early scientists.
The theory is a result of his careful
studies and experiments on air and
other gases. Due to this, he was
regarded as the Father of Chemical
Theory.

LEUCIPPUS AND DEMOCRITUS


1. All matter is composed of tiny,
indestructible particles called atoms.
For example, the element oxygen is
composed of atoms.

DALTON STATES THE FOLLOWING ON HIS


THEORY
2. A given element has atoms which are
identical. It also means that each
element has unique atoms compared
to other elements.
3. Atoms can be combined to other
atoms to form a compound. Example:
Water is a combination of one atom of
oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen.
4. In case of a chemical reaction, atoms
can be rearranged to form new
compounds. Atoms are not created,
destroyed, nor changed

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────୨ৎ──── SCIENCE 9 | UAN ────୨ৎ────

first scientist to attribute symbols to that an atom consists of a dense


each of the known elements. positive center called a nucleus and
• Dalton’s theories were somewhat electrons are orbiting around it. The
limited in that they still didn’t explain experiment also proves that most of
much about the nature of atoms the mass of an atom is in the nucleus
themselves, or their appearance.

J.J. THOMSON
• In the year 1897, Sir Joseph John
Thomson discovered a negatively
charged particle which is later known
as the electron.
• This discovery led to the belief that
atoms cannot be divided but were
made up of subatomic particles.

PLUM-PUDDING MODEL
• which suggests that an atom is
composed of a positively charged
sphere wherein electrons are
distributed

ERNEST RUTHERFORD
• Ernest Rutherford designed an
experiment to test Thomson’s model.
He used alpha particles which are
considered as positively charged
particles.
• He used the particles to strike a gold
foil and observed what will happen.
It is regarded as the gold-foil
experiment.
• He found out from the experiment
that most of the particles go directly
through the foil. There are also
particles which were deflected and to
his surprised some just bounced
back

GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT

NUCLEAR MODEL
• The experiment served as the basis
for the nuclear model which shows
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────୨ৎ──── SCIENCE 9 | UAN ────୨ৎ────

THE SUBATOMIC PARTICLES


• As studies and discoveries about
atoms
continue over the years, it led to a
new model of an atom which has three
main particles – the electron, proton and
neutron.
• Atoms do have a very small mass. The
protons and neutrons are heavier than
electrons since they can be found on
the nucleus of an atom

JAMES CHADWICK
• Discovery of neutron
• Proving Rutherford’s atomic theory,
revolutionized the understanding of
the atomic structure.

NEUTRON
• No charge
• Part of nucleus

PROTON
• Positively charged
• Part of the nucleus

ELECTRON
NIELS BOHR • Negatively charged
• In 1912, a Danish physicist named • Surround the nucleus
Niels Bohr which happened to be the
student of Rutherford improved the PROPERTIES OF PROTON, NEUTRON, AND
nuclear model through what he called ELECTRON
as the Bohr’s Model. Particle Symbol Charge Mass
Proton p or p +1 1 amu
• He visualized that the electrons are +
like the planets rotating around the Neutro n or n0 0 1 amu
nucleus which serves as the Sun. n
• He also added that the electrons had Electro e or e- -1 .00054
n amu
several orbits, and it can jump from
one energy level to another. ARNOLD SOMMERFELD
GROUND STATE • Found the electrons move in elliptical
• The orbit which is closest to the orbits as well as circular ones, which
nucleus led him to postulate the azimuthal
quantum number.
EXCITED STATE.
• As electrons jump, they are under this
state

BOHR’S MODEL

ERWIN SCHRODINGER
• “Electron Cloud Model”
• The cloud represents the probable
location of an electron.
ELECTRON CLOUD MODEL

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