The University of Mathematics

Multivariate Calculus (Paper – XI)

FULL MARKS : 80 TIME: 3 hours

Eight question will be set out of which candidates are required to answer four questions.
Question number 1 is compulsory consist of ten short answer type questions each of two marks
covering entire syllabus uniformly.

UNIT – I
Functions of several variables, limit and continuity of functions of two variables, Partial
differentiation, total differentiability and differentiability, sufficient condition for
differentiability. Extrema of two variables, method of Lagrange multipliers. (2 questions)

UNIT – II
Double and triple integrals, change of order of integration, surface area by double integral and
Volume by triple integrals. (2 questions)

UNIT – III
The gradient, divergence and curl, Line integrals, surface integral, Green’s theorem, Stoke’s
theorem and Gauss theorem. (3 questions)

Group Theory II ( Paper – XII)

FULL MARKS : 80 TIME: 3 hours

Eight question will be set out of which candidates are required to answer four questions.
Question number 1 is compulsory consist of ten short answer type questions each of two marks
covering entire syllabus uniformly.

UNIT – I
Automorphism, inner automorphism, automorphism groups, automorphism groups of finite and
infinite cyclic groups, applications of factor groups to automorphism groups, Characteristic
subgroup, Commutator subgroup and is properties. (3 questions)

UNIT – II
Properties of external direct products, the group of units modulo n as an external direct
product, internal direct products, Fundamental Theorem of finite abelian groups. (2 questions)

1
UNIT – III
Class equation and consequences, conjugacy in Sn, p-groups, Sylow’s 1st, 2nd and 3rd theorems.
(2 questions)

DSE 1 : Linear Programming

FULL MARKS : 80 TIME: 3 hours

Eight question will be set out of which candidates are required to answer four questions.
Question number 1 is compulsory consist of ten short answer type questions each of two marks
covering entire syllabus uniformly.

UNIT – I
Introduction to liner programming problem, convex sets, and their properties, Graphical
method, Theory of simplex method, optimality and unboundedness, the simplex method,
introduction to artificial variables, two-phase method, Big-M method. (3 questions)

UNIT -II
Duality, formulation of the dual problem, primal-dual relationships. (1 questions)

Transportation problem and its mathematical formulation, northwest-corner method, lowest

cost entry method and Vogel’s approximation method for determination of staring basic
solution, optimality test, algorithm for solving transportation problem, assignment problem and
its mathematical formulation, Hungarian method for solving assignment problem.
(2 questions)

UNIT – III
Game theory: formulation of two person zero sum games, solving two person zero sum games,
games with mixed strategies, graphical procedure. (2 questions)

2
 DSE 2 : Probability and Statistics

FULL MARKS : 80 TIME: 3 hours

Eight question will be set out of which candidates are required to answer four questions.
Question number 1 is compulsory consist of ten short answer type questions each of two marks
covering entire syllabus uniformly.

UNIT – I
Simple space, probability axioms, real random variables (discrete and continuous), cumulative
distribution function, probability mass/density function, mathematical expectation, moments,
moment generating function, characteristic function, discrete distributions: uniform, binomial,
Poisson, continuous distributions: uniform, normal, exponential.
(3 questions)

UNIT – II
Joint commutative distribution function and is properties, joint probability density functions,
marginal and conditional distribution , expectation of function of two random variables,
conditional expectations, independent random variables, bivariate normal distribution,
correlation coefficient, rank correlation coefficient, covariance, liner regression for two
variables.
(2 question)

UNIT – III
Chebyshev’s inequality, statement and interpretation of (weak) law of large numbers, Central
Limit theorem for independent and identically distributed random variables with finite
variance.
(2 questions)

3
 The University of Mathematics
Session : 2015 – 2018
(Multivariate Calculus) Paper - XI

Answer four questions in which Q. No. 1 is compulsory.

1. Answer all questions : 2 × 10 = 20

a) Define limit of function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) of two variables .

b) Define repeated and simultaneous limits of a function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦).

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
c) Write expression for 𝜕𝑥 and 𝜕𝑦 where 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦).

1
1
d) Find ∫ ∫0 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦.
0

1
𝑥2
e) Find ∫ ∫𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥.
0

f) Define vector point function.

g) Evaluate div curl 𝑣⃗.

h) If 𝑟⃗ = 𝛴𝑥𝑖̂ then div 𝑟⃗ = ?

i) Define an irrotational vector.

j) Find 𝛻. 𝑟 𝑚 𝑟⃗.

2. a) Find repeated and simultaneous limits as

𝑥 2 −𝑦2
𝑥 → 0, 𝑦 → 0 if 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 +𝑦2 10

b) Discuss continuity of function

𝑥𝑦(𝑥 2 −𝑦2 )
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = at the origin (0, 0). 10
(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 )

3. a) If 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑦, 𝑏𝑦 − 𝑐𝑧, 𝑐𝑧 − 𝑎𝑥) prove that

1 𝜕𝑢 1 𝜕𝑢 1 𝜕𝑢
+ +
𝑎 𝜕𝑥 𝑏 𝜕𝑦 𝑐 𝜕𝑒
=0 10

b) Use Lagrange’s method of undetermined multiplier to find minimum value of

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 subject to condition
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧 = 𝑝. 10

4
4. a) Verify that
𝑏 𝑑
𝑑 𝑏
∫ ∫𝑐 (𝑥𝑦 + ⅇ 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫𝑎 (𝑥𝑦 + ⅇ 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 10
𝑎 𝑐

b) Evaluate ∫ ∫𝑠 𝑥𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 where 𝑠 is the area bounded by the curve

𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 𝑥. 10

5. Change the order of integration in the double integral

𝑎
√𝑎𝑥
∫ ∫√𝑎𝑥−𝑥 2 𝑉 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 . 20
0

6. a) Find angle between the normals to the surface

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 2𝑥 − 7 = 0 at the point (1, 0, 2) and (1, 2, 0). 10

b) Prove that 𝛻 × (𝑟 𝑚 𝑟⃗) = 0 and 𝛻 ⋅ (𝑟 𝑚 𝑟⃗) = (𝑚 + 3)𝑟 𝑚 . 10

⃗⃗ × 𝑣⃗) = 𝑣⃗ ⋅ (𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑢
7. a) Prove that div( 𝑢 ⃗⃗) − 𝑢
⃗⃗(𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑣⃗). 10

b) 𝛻(𝑢 ⃗⃗ × (𝛻 × 𝑣⃗) + 𝑣⃗ × (𝛻 × 𝑢
⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑣⃗) = 𝑢 ⃗⃗) + (𝑢
⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝛻)𝑣⃗ + (𝑣⃗ ⋅ 𝛻)𝑢
⃗⃗ 10

8. State and prove Green’s theorem. 20

The University of Mathematics

Session : 2016 – 2019
(Multivariate Calculus) Paper - XI

Answer four questions in which Q. No. 1 is compulsory.

1. Answer all questions : 2 × 10 = 20

a) Define continuity of function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) of the variable.

b) Define partial differentiation of two variable function 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) with respect to 𝑥

and 𝑦.

c) Define Total derivative of two variable function.

d) Define stationary points and extreme point.

e) Evaluate ∬𝑆 𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 over R where 𝑅 : 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2.

f) Define the vector differential operator and the gradient of a scalar field.

5
 g) If 𝑣⃗ = 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧𝑖⃗ + 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧𝑗⃗ + 𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 𝑘⃗⃗. Find div𝑣⃗.

h) Define curl of vector field 𝐹⃗

𝑥2
i) Find the equation of tangent to the ellipse 4
+ 𝑦 = 2 at point (-2, 1).

j) Define Line integral with example.

xy
2. a) Let 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 +𝑦2 Show that the repeated limits exist at (0, 0) and are equal but the
simultaneous limit does not exist. 10

b) Show that the function given by :

𝑥 3 −𝑦3
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 +𝑦2 , (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0, 0)
=0 at (𝑥, 𝑦) = (0, 0) 10

3. a) If 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑦 − 𝑧, 𝑧 − 𝑥, 𝑥 − 𝑦), prove that :

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
+ +
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
=0 10

b) Find the volume of the largest rectangular parallelopiped inscribed in the

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
Ellipsoid : 𝑎2
+ 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 = 1 10

𝑎
√𝑎 2 −𝑦 2
4. a) Evaluate ∫ ∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦. 10
0
0

b) Find the volume of the sphere with radius a. 10

5. Change the order of integration in the double integral

𝑎/2
𝑥2
𝑥−
𝑎
∫ ∫𝑥2 𝑉 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 , where 𝑉 is the function of 𝑥 and 𝑦. 20
𝑎
0

6. a) Find the equation of tangent plane and the normal line of the surface :
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 − 9 at the point 𝑝(1, 0, 2). 10

b) Show that : 10

𝑟⃗ 2
(i) 𝛻 ⋅ (𝑟) = 𝑟
𝑟⃗ 2
(ii) Grad div (𝑟) = − 𝑎3 𝑟⃗

6
7. Prove that : 10

a) div (𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗) = 𝑏⃗⃗ ⋅ (𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑎⃗) − 𝑎⃗ ⋅ (𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑏⃗⃗)

b) Prove that : 10

div (𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑣⃗) = 0

8. State and prove Stoke’s theorem. 20

The University of Mathematics

Session : 2017 – 2020
(Multivariate Calculus) Paper - XI

Answer four questions in which Q. No. 1 is compulsory.

1. Answer all questions : 2 × 10 = 20

2𝑥𝑦
a) Show that lim [ ] does not exist.
𝑥→0 2 +𝑦 2
𝑥
𝑦→0

𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑟
b) If 𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃 show that ( ) ( ) = cos 2 𝜃.
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑥

c) If 𝑢 be a composit function of 𝑡 given by the relation 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦), 𝑥 = 𝜙(𝑡), 𝑦 = 𝜓(𝑡)

𝑑𝑢
then write the value of 𝑑𝑡
and 𝑑𝑢.

d) State sufficient condition of maxima-minima of a function of two variables.

e) Evaluate ∬𝑅 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 over 𝑅 where 𝑅: { 0≤𝑥≤1, 0≤𝑦≤2}.

𝜕(𝑥,𝑦)
f) Find Jacobian 𝜕(𝑟,𝜃) when 𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃.

g) Define a vector field.

h) Define directional derivative of a function.

i) Define curl of a vector function.

j) Find grad grad 𝜙 if 𝜙 = log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ).

7
 𝑥 3 −𝑦 3
(𝑥,𝑦)≠(0,0)
2. a) Shaw that the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = {𝑥 2 −𝑦2 : (𝑥,𝑦)=(0,0) is continuous at (0, 0). 10
0
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2 𝜕𝑢 2 𝜕𝑢 2 𝜕𝑢 2
b) If 𝑎2 +𝑢 + 𝑏2 +𝑢 + 𝑐 2 +𝑢 = 1, prove that (𝜕𝑥 ) + (𝜕𝑦) + ( 𝜕𝑧 ) =
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
2(𝑥 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑦 𝜕𝑦 + 𝑧 𝜕𝑧 ). 10

3. a) State and prove sufficient condition for differentiability of a function

of two variables. 10

b) Find all the maximum and minimum values of the function designed

by 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 − 63(𝑥 + 𝑦) + 12𝑥𝑦. 10

4. a) Integrate ∭ 𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 over the domain 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ≤ 1 . 10

𝑎 √𝑎2 −𝑦 2
b) Evaluate ∫0 ∫0 √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦. 10

5. a) Find the volume of the sphere 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ≤ 𝑎2

where 𝑎 > 0 by using triple integral 10
1
𝑎(2−𝑥)
b) Change the order of integration in ∫ ∫0 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥. 10
0

6. a) Find the tangent plane and normal line of the surface

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 − 9 = 0 at the point 𝑝(1, 2, 3). 10

b) Prove that 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 (𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗) = (𝑏⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝛻)𝑎⃗ − (𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝛻)𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑎⃗ div 𝑏⃗⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ div 𝑎⃗. 10

𝑟⃗ 2
7. a) Show that 𝛻 ⋅ (𝑟) = 𝑟. 10

b) Integrate the function 𝐹⃗ ⋅ 𝑑𝑟⃗, where 𝐹⃗ = 𝑥 2 𝑖̂ − 𝑥𝑦𝑗̂ from O(0, 0) to P(1, 1) in

each of the following cases: 10

(i) Along the straight line OP

(ii) Along the parabola 𝑦 2 = 𝑥

8. a) If 𝐹⃗ = 2𝑥 2 𝑖̂ − 4𝑥𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑥𝑘̂ , evaluate ∬𝑆 𝐹⃗ ⋅ 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑠 where 𝑠 is the surface

of the cube bounded by planes 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 1. 15

b) Give the statement of Stoke’s theorem. 5

8
 The University of Mathematics
Session : 2015 - 2018
(Group Theory II) Paper – XII

Answer four questions in which Q. No. 1 is compulsory.

1. Answer all questions : 2 × 10 = 20

a) Define automorphism of a group.

b) Define inner automorphism of a group.

c) Define Commutator subgroup.

d) Define internal direct product of groups.

e) Define external direct product of groups.

f) Define action of group.

g) Define abelian group and give an example.

h) Define homomorphism of a group.

i) Define p-sylow subgroup.

j) Define cyclic group and give an example.

2. a) If 𝑓 is an automorphism of a group G and H is a subgroup of G. P. T. f(H)

is a subgroup of G. 10

b) P. T. for an abelian group, the only inner automorphism is the identity mapping
where as for non-abelian groups there exists non-trivial inner automorphism. 10

3. The set of all automorphisms of a group forms a group with respect to composite of
function an the composition. 20

4. If 𝐺1 and 𝐺2 are group then prove that :

a) 𝐺1 × {ⅇ2 } ∩ {ⅇ1 } × 𝐺2 = {(ⅇ1 , ⅇ2 )}

b) Every element of 𝐺1 × {ⅇ2 } commutes with every element of {ⅇ1 } × 𝐺2 .
c) Every element of 𝐺1 × 𝐺2 can be uniquely expressed as the product of an element in
𝐺1 × {ⅇ2 } by an element in {ⅇ1 } × 𝐺2 . 20

9
5. If G is an internal direct product of its subgroup H & K then :
a) H & K have only the identity un common. 10
b) G is isomorphic to the external direct product of H by K. 10

6. Every finite group G is isomorphic to a permutation group (Caley’s theorem). 20

7. If G is a finite group and O(G) = p, a prime number and if 𝑝𝑚 /O(G) and 𝑝(𝑚+1) is not a
divisor of O(G) then G has a subgroup of order 𝑝𝑚 . 20

8. a) Define conjugacy relation and prove that the conjugacy relation on a group G is an
equivalence relation on G. 10
b) Define conjugate class and prove that two elements of a group G are conjugate iff
they can be put in the form of ab and ba for a, b ∈ G. 10

The University of Mathematics

Session : 2016 - 2019
(Group Theory II) Paper – XII

Answer four questions in which Q. No. 1 is compulsory.

1. Answer all questions : 2 × 10 = 20

a) Define Normal Subgroup.

b) Define conjugate elements.

c) Define centre of a group.

d) Write the class Equation of finite group.

e) Define factor group.

f) Define Inner Automorphism of group.

g) Define commutator subgroup of a group.

h) Define Group actions.

i) Define stabilizers.

j) Define Left Identify in External direct product.

10
2. Prove that the set 𝐼(𝐺) of all inner automorphism of a group 𝐺 is a normal subgroup of
the group of its automorphism is isomorphic to the quotient group 𝐺/𝑍 of 𝐺 where 𝑍 is
centre of 𝐺. 20

3. a) If 𝐺 be a group and 𝐺 ′ be the commutator subgroup of 𝐺 then show that : 10

(i) 𝐺 ′ is normal is 𝐺
(ii) 𝐺/𝐺 ′ is abelian

b) If 𝐺 ′ be the commutator subgroup of a group 𝐺. Then prove that 𝐺 is abelian if and

only if 𝐺 ′ = {ⅇ} where ⅇ in the identity element of 𝐺. 10

OR
State and prove Fundamental theorem on finite abelian group. 20

4. a) If 𝐺1 and 𝐺2 are two groups then subsets 𝐺1 × {ⅇ2 } and {ⅇ1 } × 𝐺2 of 𝐺1 × 𝐺2 are
normal subgroup of group 𝐺1 × 𝐺2 and are isomorphic to 𝐺1 and 𝐺2
respectively. 10

b) If a group 𝐺 be the internal direct product of its normal subgroup 𝑁1 , 𝑁2 .

Show that : 10

(i) 𝑁1 ∩ 𝑁2 = {ⅇ}
(ii) 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑏𝑎 for 𝑎 ∈ 𝑁1 , 𝑏 ∈ 𝑁2

5. Prove that Every group is isomorphic to a group of one-one and onto function. 20

6. State and prove Cauchy’s theorem. 20

7. a) If 𝐻 is a p-sylow subgroup of 𝐺 and 𝑥 ∈ 𝐺 then 𝑥 −1 𝐻𝑥 is also a p-Sylow

subgroup of 𝐺. 10
b) If a group 𝐺 has only one p-Sylow subgroup 𝐻, then 𝐻 is normal in 𝐺. 10

8. State and prove Sylow’s theorem. 20

11
 The University of Mathematics
Session : 2017 - 2020
(Group Theory II) Paper – XII

Answer four questions in which Q. No. 1 is compulsory.

1. Answer all questions : 2 × 10 = 20

a) Define automorphism of a group.

b) Define commutator subgroup.

c) State Fundamental theorem on homomorphism.

d) Define external direct product.

e) Define homomorphism of a group.

f) Define finite abelian group.

g) Define action of group.

h) Define class equation of a group.

i) State First Sylow theorem.

j) State Cauchy’s theorem for finite abelian group.

2. a) Show that the mapping 𝑓: 𝑍 → 𝑍. Such that 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍 is an 10

automorphism of the additive group of integers 𝑍.

b) Show that 𝑎 → 𝑎−1 is an automorphism of a group G iff G is abelian. 10

3. The set of all automorphisms of a group forms a group with respect to composite of
function an the composition. 20

4. Suppose 𝐺1 and 𝐺2 are two subgroups of a group 𝐺, then the Cartesian product 𝐺1 × 𝐺2
is a group with respect to the operation defined as (𝑥⊥, 𝑥2 )(𝑦1 , 𝑦2 ) =
(𝑥⊥ 𝑦⊥ , 𝑥2 𝑦2 ) ∀ (𝑥⊥ , 𝑦⊥ ), (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) ∈ 𝐺1 × 𝐺2 . 20

5. If H and K are two subgroup of a group 𝐺 such that 𝐺 = 𝐻 × 𝐾 then 𝐻 and 𝐾 are normal
subgroup of 𝐺 and 𝐺/𝐻 ≅ 𝐾 and 𝐺/𝐾 ≅ 𝐻. 20

6. State and prove Generalized Cayley’s theorem. 20

12
7. Define conjugate class and prove that two elements of a group 𝐺 are conjugate if they
can put in the form of ab and ba : 20

∀ 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐺
𝑂(𝐻) 𝑂(𝐾)
8. Suppose 𝐻 and 𝐾 are finite subgroups of a group 𝐺 then 𝑂(𝐻𝐾) = . 20
𝑂(𝐻∩𝐾)

The University of Mathematics

Session : 2015 - 2018
(Linear Programming) DSE 1

Answer four questions in which Q. No. 1 is compulsory.

1. Answer all questions : 2 × 10 = 20

a) Draw the set of points (𝑥, 𝑦) satisfying the inequalities 2𝑥 − 5𝑦 ≤ 0 where 𝑥 ≥ 0 and
𝑦 ≥ 0.

b) Use artificial and surplus variables to change the inequation 𝑥1 − 4𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 ≥ 7 into
an equation.

c) Define a convex set in 𝑅 𝑛 .

d) State the fundamental theorem of an LPP.

e) Define an assignment problem.

f) Write a short note on the duality of an LPP.

g) Formulate a transportation problem as an LPP.

h) Define a non-degenerate basic feasible solation of a transportation problem.

i) Define strategy and its type in the context of game theory.

j) Define value of a game and saddle point.

2. Define a convex combination of vectors form 𝑅 𝑛 and prove that the set of all convex set
of all convex combinations of any finite set of vectors form 𝑅 𝑛 is a convex set. 20

13
3. Use Simplex Method to solve : 20

Maximize 𝑍 = 15𝑥1 + 6𝑥2

Subject to
9𝑥1 + 10𝑥2 ≤ 90
15𝑥1 + 4𝑥2 ≤ 60
and 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ≥ 0

4. Find the dual of the following LLP : 20

Maximize 𝑍 = 2𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 𝑥3

Subject to
4𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 𝑥3 ≤ 6
𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 5𝑥3 ≤ 4
and 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 ≥ 0

5. Solve the following assignment problem : 20

Man → I II III IV V

Task ↓ A 1 3 2 3 6

B 2 4 3 1 5

C 5 6 3 4 6

D 3 1 4 2 2

E 1 5 6 5 4

14
6. Solve the transportation problem : 20

To

1 2 3 Available
I 2 7 4 5
From II 3 3 7 8
III 5 4 1 7
IV 1 6 2 14
Requirement 7 9 18

7. Discuss the maximin and minimax principles of game theory. Also prove that

maximin 𝐶𝑖𝑗 ≤ 𝑣 ≤ minimax 𝐶𝑖𝑗 where 𝑣 is the value of the game and [𝐶𝑖𝑗 ] is the pay-
𝑚×𝑛
off matrix of a two person zero-sum game. 20

8. Solve graphically the game whose pay-off matrix is : 20

Player B
𝐵1 𝐵2 𝐵3 𝐵4
Player A 𝐴1 6 1 4 -1
𝐴2 4 3 2 5

15
 The University of Mathematics
Session : 2016 - 2019
(Linear Programming) DSE 1

Answer four questions in which Q. No. 1 is compulsory.

1. Answer all questions : 2 × 10 = 20

a) Define basic feasible solution of a LPP.

b) Define Hypersphere in 𝑅 𝑛 .

c) Define convex polyhedron.

d) Define slack and surplus variables.

e) Write the given LPP in standard primal form :

Min 𝑍 = 2𝑥2 + 5𝑥3

Subject to 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ≥ 2
2𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 6𝑥3 ≤ 6
and 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 ≥ 0

f) Formulate an assignment problem mathematically.

g) State necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a feasible solution to a
transportation problem.

h) Define two person zero sun game.

i) Find the value of the following game for plyer B :

B
I II III
A I 6 8 6
II 4 12 2

j) State maximin and minimax criterion of optimality in game theory.

2. a) Prove that the sphere is a convex set. 10

b) Prove that the intersection of any finite number of convex sets is also a
convex set. 10

16
 3. Use Simplex Method to solve : 20

Minimize 𝑍 = 𝑥1 − 3𝑥2 + 2𝑥3

Subject to 3𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 ≤ 7

−2𝑥1 + 4𝑥2 ≤ 12
−4𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 8𝑥3 ≤ 10
and 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ≥ 0

4. a) If X is any feasible solution of the primal Max 𝑧𝑃 = 𝐶𝑥 s. t. 𝐴𝑋 ≤ 𝑏, 𝑥 ≥ 0 and 𝑤 is any

feasible solution to its dual problem Min 𝑧𝐷 = 𝑏 ′ 𝑤 s. t. 𝐴′ 𝑤 ≥ 𝐶 ′ , 𝑤 ≥ 0then prove
that 𝐶𝑋 ≤ 𝑏 ′ 𝑤 i. e., 𝑧𝑃 ≤ 𝑧𝐷 . 10
b) Write the dual of the following LPP. 10

Max 𝑍 = 𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 − 𝑥3

Subject to 3𝑥1 − 3𝑥2 + 4𝑥3 ≤ 5

2𝑥1 − 42𝑥2 ≤ 5
3𝑥1 + 𝑥3 ≤ 4
and 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 ≥ 0 0

5. Solve the following assignment problem : 20

Machine

1 2 3 4 5

A 8 4 2 6 1

B 0 9 5 5 4

Job C 3 8 9 2 6

D 4 3 1 0 3

E 9 5 8 9 5

17
6. a) Explain a transportation problem and formulate it mathematically. 10
b) Find initial BFS of the following transportation problem by Vogel Approximation
method : 10

Warehouses

𝑊1 𝑊2 𝑊3 𝑊4 Supply

𝐹1 19 30 50 10 7
Factories 𝐹2 70 30 40 60 9
𝐹3 40 8 70 20 18
Demand 5 8 7 14 34

7. a) Explain the rules of dominance used in solving games with mixed strategies. 10
b) Solve the game : 10

B
I II III
I 1 7 2
A II 6 2 7
III 0 1 6

8. Solve the following game graphically : 20

B
I II
I 2 7
A II 3 5
III 11 2

18
 The University of Mathematics
Session : 2017 - 2020
(Linear Programming) DSE 1

Answer four questions in which Q. No. 1 is compulsory.

1. Answer all questions : 2 × 10 = 20

a) Write a general LPP.

b) Define Slack and Surplus Variables,

c) Define feasible solution of a LPP.

d) Define Line Segment of two vector in 𝑅 4.

e) Define Hyperplane in 𝑅 4.

f) Define Balanced T.P.

g) Write the difference between a T.P. and an assignment problem.

h) Define two persons zero-sum games.

i) Define pure strategy and mixed strategy.

j) Write rule Dominance.

2. a) Prove that intersection of two convex sets is also a convex set. 10

b) Show that set of all feasible solution of a LPP is a convex set. 10

3. Solve by Simplex Method : 20

Max. 𝑍 = 7𝑥1 + 5𝑥2

Subject to :

𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 ≤ 6
4𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 ≤ 12
𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ≥ 0

19
4. Solve the give T. P. by Vogel’s approximation method : 20

I II III IV Supply
A 21 16 25 13 11

B 17 18 14 23 13

C 32 27 18 41 19
Demand 6 10 12 15
Also find the Initial Transportation Cost.

5. Solve the following assignment problem : 20

Man → I II III IV V

Job ↓ A 11 17 8 16 20

B 9 7 12 6 15

C 13 16 15 12 16

D 21 24 17 28 26

E 14 10 12 11 15

6. Define dual problem. Proved that the dual of the dual of a given
primal is the primal. 20

7. Define (i) Pay-off matrix and (ii) Saddle point. Find the solution of the following game
whose pay-off matrix is : 20

Player-B

I II III IV
I -2 0 0 3
Player-A II 3 2 1 3
III -4 -3 0 5
IV 5 3 -4 -6

20
8. For any 2 × 2 two persons zero-sum game without any saddle point having pay-off
matrix foe player – A is : 20

B
𝐵1 (𝑞1 ) 𝐵2 (𝑞2 )
A 𝐴1 (𝑃1 ) 𝑎11 𝑎12
𝐴2 (𝑝2 ) 𝑎21 𝑎22

Then find optimal strategies (𝑝1 , 𝑝2 ), (𝑞1 , 𝑞2 ) and value of the game to A.

The University of Mathematics

Session : 2015 - 2018
(Probability and Statistics) DSE 2

Answer four questions in which Q. No. 1 is compulsory.

1. Fill in the blanks by choosing appropriate word : 2 ×10 = 20

a) The chance that a leap year selected at random will contain 53 Sundays is
_______________________

(i) 1/7 (ii) 2/7

(iii) 3/7 (iv) 4/7

21
b) If 𝐵1 , 𝐵2 ,……… 𝐵𝑛 are mutually disjoint events with 𝐵𝑖 ≠ 0, then for any arbitrary
𝑛
event A which is subset of ⋃1=1 𝐵𝑖 such that 𝑃(𝐴) ≠ 0 then
𝐵
𝑃 ( 𝐴𝑖 ) = ______________________

𝐴
𝑃(𝐴)𝑃( )
𝐵𝑖
(i) 𝐵
∑𝑃(𝐵𝑖 )𝑃( 𝑖)
𝐴

𝐴
𝑃(𝐵𝑖 )𝑃( )
𝐵𝑖
(ii) 𝐵
∑𝑃(𝐴)𝑃( 𝑖)
𝐴

𝐵
𝑃(𝐵𝑖 )𝑃( 𝑖)
𝐴
(iii) 𝐵
∑𝑃(𝐵𝑖 )𝑃( 𝑖)
𝐴

𝐴
𝑃(𝐵𝑖 )𝑃( )
𝐵𝑖
(iv) 𝐴
∑𝑃(𝐵𝑖 )𝑃( )
𝐵𝑖

c) F(𝑋) is cumulative distribution function of 𝑋 and 𝑏 ≥ 𝑎 then 𝐹(𝑏) − 𝐹(𝑎) =

_________________

(𝑖) 𝑃(𝑎 < 𝑋 ≤ 𝑏) (𝑖𝑖)𝑃(𝑎 ≤ 𝑋 < 𝑏)

(𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑃(𝑎 < 𝑋 < 𝑏) (𝑖𝑣) 𝑃(𝑎 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 𝑏)

d) The bivariate function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is called joint probability density function if

__________________
(𝑖) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) ≤ 0 (𝑖𝑖) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) < 0

(𝑖𝑖𝑖)𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) ≥ 0 (𝑖𝑣) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) > 0

𝑥
e) The conditional distribution of 𝑋 given 𝑌 = 𝑦 is 𝑓 (𝑦) = __________________

𝑓(𝑥,𝑦) 𝑓(𝑥,𝑦)
(𝑖) (𝑖𝑖)
ℎ(𝑦) ℎ(𝑥)

𝑓(𝑥,𝑦)
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) (𝑖𝑣) None of these
ℎ(𝑥)𝑔(𝑦)

22
f) The variance 𝜎𝑥2 of random variable 𝑥 is given by ___________________

(i) 𝐸(𝑥) − 𝐸(𝑥 2 )

(ii) 𝐸(𝑥 2 ) − 𝐸(𝑥)

(iii) [𝐸(𝑥)]2 − 𝐸(𝑥 2 )

(iv) 𝐸(𝑥 2 ) − [𝐸(𝑥)]2

g) The moment generating function about any point is Ma(t) = ____________________

(i) 𝐸[ⅇ (𝑥𝑖−𝑎) ]

(ii) 𝐸[ⅇ 𝑡(𝑥𝑖−𝑎) ]

(iii) 𝐸[ⅇ 𝑡(𝑎−𝑥𝑖) ]

(iv) None of these

𝑥
h) The linear regression equation of Y on X is 𝐸 ( ) − 𝐸(𝑥) = ______________________
𝑦

𝜇11
(i) [𝑌 − 𝐸(𝑌)]
𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑌

𝜇11
(ii) 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑋
[𝑋 − 𝐸(𝑋)]

𝜇11
(iii) [𝑌 − 𝐸(𝑋)]
𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑌

𝜇11
(iv) 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑋
[𝑋 − 𝐸(𝑌)]

i) A random variable X has a binomial distribution if its probability distribution is

given by 𝑏(𝑥 ; 𝑛, 𝑝) = ____________________

(i) 𝑛𝐶𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 𝑞 𝑥−𝑛

(ii) 𝑛𝐶𝑥 𝑝𝑛 𝑞𝑛−𝑥

(iii) 𝑛𝐶𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 𝑞𝑛−𝑥

(iv) None of these

23
 j) A random variable X is said to ________________ distribution if its probability mass
function is given by 𝑓(𝑥 ; 𝑘, 𝑝) = 𝑥 + 𝑘 − 1𝐶𝑘−1 𝑝𝑘 𝑞 𝑥 .

(i) Uniform

(ii) Exponential

(iii) Geometric

(iv) Negative Binomial

2. Answer any two of the following : 10×2 = 20

(a) State and prove Theorem of Total Probability.

(b) Prove theorem of Compound Probability.
(c) Prove that for any two events A and B

𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ≤ 𝑃(𝐴) ≤ 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ≤ 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵).

3. a) A random variable 𝑋 has the following Probability function : 10

X P (X=x)

-2 0.1
-1 k
0 0.2
1 3k
2 2k
3 0.3

(i) Find k.
(ii) Obtain 𝑃(𝑋 < 2), 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2), 𝑃(−2 < 𝑋 < 2)
(iii) Find the minimum value of k such that 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 1) > 0.32

b) What is the Expectation of the number of failures preceding the first success in an
infinite series of independent trials with constant probability ‘P’ of success in each
trial? 10

4. a) Prove that the Poisson distribution is a limiting form of the

bionomial distribution. 10

b) Define normal distribution. Hence fund variance of normal distribution. 10

24
5. Define marginal distribution. Also find : 20

(a) Marginal distribution of 𝑋 and 𝑌.

(b) Conditional distribution of 𝑋 given 𝑌 = 2 for the following bivariate probability

distribution :

X
-1 0 1
Y

0 1/15 2/15 1/15

1 3/15 2/15 1/15
2 2/15 1/15 2/15

6. Define correlation coefficient of two random variables.

Also find the correlation for : 20

𝑋𝑖 𝑃(𝑋𝑖 ) 𝑌𝑖 𝑃(𝑌𝑖 )

1 ¼ 2 ¼
2 1/8 4 1/8
3 ½ 6 ½
4 1/8 8 1/8

7. A random variable 𝑋 has the density function ⅇ −𝑥 for 𝑋 ≥ 0. Show that Chebyshev’s
1
inequality gives P[|𝑋 − 1| > 2] < 4 and show that actual probability is ⅇ −3. 20

8. If 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , … , 𝑋𝑛 are independent random variables with 𝐸(𝑋𝑖 ) = 𝑉(𝑋𝑖 ) = 2, use the

central limit theorem to estimate 𝑃[120 ≤ 𝑠𝑛 ≤ 160] where 𝑠𝑛 = 𝑋1 + 𝑋2 + …… + 𝑋𝑛
and 𝑛 = 75. 20

Typing By Nawanit Kumar Das

25