DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE HOTEL RESERVATION

SYSTEM

BY

OKEKE EMMANUEL O.

REG. NO. 021/HND/CSE/007

A RESEARCH PROJECT TO

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE
MAURID POTECHNIC, MBIASO, NSIT IBOM L.G.A,
AKWA IBOM STATE

NOVEMBER, 2023

1
 DECLARATION

I hereby, declare that this project work entitled “Design and Implementation of Online Hotel
Reservation System” was written by me and that it is a record of my own research work. It has
never been presented in any previous application for any academic award. All resources of
information are acknowledge using references.

Okeke Emmanuel O.

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 CERTIFICATE

This project entitled “Design and Implementation of Online Hotel Reservation System” by
Okeke Emmanuel O. with registration number 021/HND/CSE/007 meets the requirement for
the award of a Higher National Diploma (HND) In Computer Science of Maurid Polytechnic,
Mbiaso, Nsit Ibom L.G.A, Akwa Ibom State and is approved for its contribution to knowledge
and presentation.

----------------------- --------------------------

Name Date/Signature

Project Supervisor

----------------------- --------------------------

Name Date/Signature

Head of Department

----------------------- --------------------------

Name Date/Signature

External Examiner

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 DEDICATION

This project is dedicated to Almighty God for giving me the grace to carry out my project
research successfully. To my beloved parents, Mr. and Mrs. Pius Okeke and to my great Uncle
and Aunty who made it possible for me to be in higher institution and helped in making it a
reality. Also, to my beloved siblings, Chiso, Chima, Onyinye and Onyekachi who contributed
financially and morally towards making this a success.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My sincere thanks go to God Almighty for granting me the wisdom and understanding in
other to make huge success out this work. I remain grateful to my parents for their love, support
and encouragements in all area towards making me who I am today.

I remain eternally grateful to my project supervisor, Mr. Darlingnton Nzete who have to
sit me down thoroughly so as to make sure that the work is befitting and benefitting in a manner
one won’t question. Also, all my departmental lecturers, who taught me during the course of my
study in school.

Finally, my thanks go to my friends who made school fun for me. I blessed to have you
guys in my life.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover Page

Title Page---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i

Declaration Page------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii

Certificate-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii

Dedictaion------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iv

Acknowledgement----------------------------------------------------------------------------v

Table of contents-----------------------------------------------------------------------------vi

Abstract---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

1.1 Statement of the problem---------------------------------------------------------------2

1.2 Objectives of the study------------------------------------------------------------------3

1.3 Significance of the study----------------------------------------------------------------3

1.4 Scope of the study -----------------------------------------------------------------------4

1.5 Limitation of the study------------------------------------------------------------------4

1.6 Definition of terms-----------------------------------------------------------------------4

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------5

2.2 Theorical background-------------------------------------------------------------------6

2.3 Review of related work----------------------------------------------------------------10

2.3 1 The broad environment for hotels and restaurants-------------------------------11

2.3 2 Technology’s impact in the restaurant and hotel industry----------------------12

CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 Methodology----------------------------------------------------------------------------16

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3.2 Description and analysis of the existing system-----------------------------------17

3.3 Problems of the existing system-----------------------------------------------------17

3.4 Analysis of proposed system---------------------------------------------------------18

3.4 1 Methods of data collection---------------------------------------------------------18

3.5 Structural system analysis and design methodology technique------------------19

3.5 1 The hierarchical partition model---------------------------------------------------19

3.5 2 The overview model-----------------------------------------------------------------21

3.6 Specification of forms-----------------------------------------------------------------23

3.7 Database specification and design---------------------------------------------------25

3.8 Input/Output design-------------------------------------------------------------------34

3.8 1 Input design--------------------------------------------------------------------------34

3.8 2 Output design------------------------------------------------------------------------34

3.9 Algorithm design----------------------------------------------------------------------35

3.10 System Architecture-----------------------------------------------------------------39

CHAPTER FOUR: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Introduction----------------------------------------------------------------------------40

4.1 1 Choice of development environment----------------------------------------------40

4.1 2 Choice of programming language-------------------------------------------------41

4.2 Implementation Architecture---------------------------------------------------------42

4.3 System testing---------------------------------------------------------------------------43

4.4 Screenshots------------------------------------------------------------------------------44

4.5 System requirements-----------------------------------------------------------------45

4.5 1 Hardware requirements------------------------------------------------------------45

4.5 2 Software requirements-------------------------------------------------------------45

4.6 Software development and installation---------------------------------------------46

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CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary of Achievement-----------------------------------------------------------47

5.2 Conclusion-----------------------------------------------------------------------------48

5.3 Recommendation----------------------------------------------------------------------48

REFERENCE

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 ABSTRACT
This project work is primarily designed to give an insight to online based hotel reservation and
booking management system. It is as a result of problem associated
with the existing system which involves the use of manual method in processing and keeping
information in the system. So, among the numerous problems associated with the existing system
are; staff are spending far too much time chasing mistakes instead of attending to customers,
sales going unrecorded, inventory doesn’t match your tallies and other. Online hotel reservation
and booking management system database used by hotel personnel to collect data, process it and
also store it for future use. This project made use of data collected from Concorde hotel,
materials from the internet. In this project, the implementation of the computer-based system was
carried out using PHP, JAVASCRIPT, CSS, XAMPP SERVER, and MYSQL for the database. In
conclusion, the work met all the objectives intended. It is however, recommended for use by
every aspiring hotel.

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 CHAPTER ONE.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the study

Hotel is a building that provides lodging, meal and other services to the traveling public,
provided they are in a position to pay and is in a fit condition to be received. Hence, the hotel
provides foods, beverages and lodging to travelers and another paying guest.

The hotel industry is perhaps, one of the oldest commercial endeavors in the world. The first inns
have existed since ancient time (e.g. along the Roman road system during the Roman Empire) to
serve merchants and other travelers. Medieval European monasteries operated inns to guarantee
haven for travelers in dangerous regions. The spread of traveling by stage coach in the 18th
century stimulated the development of inns, as did the industrial revolution. The modern hotel
was largely the result of railroads, when traveling for pleasure became widely popular, large
hotels were often built near railroads stations.

The real growth of the modern hotel industry took place in the United State of America in 1794.
The real boom in hotel building came in the early twentieth century. This period also saw the
beginning of chain operations under the guidance of E.M. (European Monasteries), who started
by involving in investments, big profits and trained professional to manage the business. The
management of the hotel system was virtually left in the hand of the front offices. The office in a
hotel is the department responsible for sales of hotel rooms, through systematic method of
reservation followed by registration and assurance of the rooms to the customers, this was done
manually. This was boring and cumbersome, and has remained boring and cumbersome in hotels
that still operate manually today.

The development in hotel reservation and booking management continued gradually until
recently when computer was invented as an electronic device that accepts input, manipulate data
and produces information which is the output as required. Therefore, a hotel which operates a
computerized system will ensure that the program carries provisions for different tariffs, location
and individual guest reference.

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 1.2 Statement of Problem

Sales and services are the fundamental tools in any business organization the profit and loss of
any business depends on detailed information on sales and services made to aid in decision
making and implementation, if accountability is not checked, then the business is sure to
collapse, as a result in an any retail and hospitality business there is a need for a system that
gives feedback to the management to aid decision making, this is where computerized
hotel reservation and booking management system comes handy. We have too many problems
associated with the manual system used which include:

I. It takes more time to reserve room. So, performance of the current system is slow.
II. Difficulty in handling data accurately, security of data, data lost and viewing by
unauthorized person.
III. Retrieving information like reports and queries is very time consuming and almost
impossible practicably if time is considered.
IV. Searching records of individual guest or customer takes time. (Update, Delete, and Edit),
these types of method are not accessible using the manual method.

1.3 Objectives of The Study

This project focuses mainly in computerization of hotel reservation and booking management
consequent upon numerous problems faced by manual handling of hotel information. The
objective of this study is thus to design and develop an online hotel reservation and booking
management system that will:

I. To provide a fast and convenient way to book/reserve hotel rooms

II. To provide an easy way to automate information about the day to day activities of hotel such
as record of attendance, computing of bill, tariff plan, as well as online facility for checking
availability of rooms, ordering of food and also booking of the room and event hall.
III. Facilitate increase in productivity, decrease paperwork, and ability to analyze trouble spot.
IV. To maintain security and secrecy of the hotel details.
V. To provide accurate data when it is required.

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1.4 Significance of the Study

The study is primarily aimed at increasing efficiency in operation, reducing time and running
cost, monitoring and the recording of the activities and total administration in hotel by
introducing a web-based Hotel reservation and booking management system

Besides, this study is significance because its conclusions would be useful to:

1. Human Resources Managers in the hotel and restaurants business

2. The Federal, State and Local Government

3. Scholars in the field of hotel and restaurant management

1.5 The Scope of the study

The proposed system is intended to manage the reservation system of customers both online and
offline, to keep ensure the can book a room without their physical presence.

1.6 Limitation of Study

 Lack of available and reliable data

 Lack of prior research studies on the topic
 Measure used collect the data
 Lack of finance

1.7 Definition of Terms

Accommodation: A place to stay, typically a room in a hotel, motel, or inn.

ADR: Average Daily Rate. A hotel’s average rate per day.

ARM: Average Room Rate. The average price paid per room.

Arrival: A guest who arrives at a hotel.

Amenities: Extra services and facilities that a hotel offers its guests.

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B & B: Bed and Breakfast. A type of accommodation that typically includes a bedroom and
private bathroom, as well as a continental breakfast.

Blackout Dates: Dates when a hotel is not able to offer a discount, e.g. due to high demand.

Booking: The process of reserving a room at a hotel.

Check-in: The process of arriving at a hotel and registering for your stay.

Check-out: The process of leaving a hotel and setting your bill.

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 CONCEPTUAL REVIEW

Hotel Management System operates a global online hotel reservation system for business and
leisure travelers. To compete with the international e-marketplace, a great deal of attention
should pay towards the optimization of user requirements to generate recommended hotel
alternatives.

In general sense, hotel management is the way of maintaining different activities of a hotel where
a number of staffs are engaged to perform a number of these activities. At first let us take a
glance to an ordinary hotel. For hiring a room in this type of hotel, the client needs to meet with
the receptionist to collect the information of hotel facilities, after that he is to fill up the pro
forma provided by the hotel authority, then he has to pay the defined amount of money and is
offered room key for his/her rented room. He/she then finishes the formalities of a reception zone
through these undergoing customs.

But client always wants greater privacy and reliable security. So, the author developed an
intelligent e-marketplace for the tourism based on fuzzy to serve the customers who wants to
travel but has no idea about the accommodation. This system is global in the sense that anyone
can use this to find the appropriate hotel according to his/her affordable means. The details of the
hotel management systems including the franchising, casinos, health Spas, payroll, credit,
accounting control etc. are well described in.

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2.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

The major technologies used in this project are web technologies (CSS, PHP, JAVASCRIPT,
APACHE and HTML) and relational database technology (MySQL). The site developed is a
collection of web documents, i.e., files written in HTML.

The web documents are presented (or rendered to be visible) to the user by an application
program known as a browser (e.g., Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Chrome). Each of our
HTML documents is a sequence of elements such as <h1></h1>, <imgsrc=” image location”/>,
<p></p>, <a href=” index.html”></a>. An element consists of a start tag, content and closing
tag. The following is an example of an HTML element in our web document to present the
homepage of the site:

<h1><a href=” index.php”> Hotel Management System</a></h1>

<h1> is start tag. </h1> is the corresponding end tag.

<a href=’’> is start tag. </a> is the corresponding end tag. “Hotel management System” is the
content of the anchor element which is inside the header element.

The major HTML features that will be used are form, tables, and cascading style sheet. We use a
form to collect registration data- username, email, password, country, state, phone number –
from a user. A form is a collection of data fields for collecting inputs, e.g., username from a user
and a submit button to send the collected data to a Web to document to act on the data. The form
element has an ACTION attribute which supplies the address, better known as universal resource
locator (URL), of this action document.

The following is a fragment of an HTML form we used. It contains three data field and the
action document specified is newroom.php

<form action="newroom.php" method="post” >

<table width="450" height="188" >

<tr align="center">

<td>Room No. :</td>

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<td><input name="roomno" type="text" id="roomno" /></td>

</tr>

<tr align="center">

<td>Room Type :</td>

<td>

<select name="type" id="select" onBlur="checktype ()" size="1">

<option value="Deluxe Standard">Deluxe Standard</option>

<option value="Superior Deluxe">Superior Deluxe</option>

<option value="Executive Twin">Executive Twin</option>

<option value="Executive Suite">Executive Suite</option>

<option value="default" selected="selected">--select--</option>

</select></td></tr>

<tr align="center"><td height="52" >Option (AC/Non-AC) :</td>

<td><span class="style1">

<select name="option" id="option" onBlur="checkroomoption ()" size="1">

<option value="Ac">AC</option>

<option value="Non ac">Non-AC </option>

<option value="default" selected="selected">--select--</option>

</select>

</span></td></tr>

<tr align="center">

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<td><input name="Reset" type="reset" id="button" style="font-size:18px; font-family: Georgia,
'Times New Roman', Times, serif" value="Reset" /></td>

<td><input name="submit" type="submit" id="submit" value="Submit" style="font-size:18px;

font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif" /></td></tr>

</table>

</form>

The HTML code above when rendered by the browser appears on the screen as follows:

Data received by the PHP document, newroom.php, from the form is loaded by newroom.php
code into corresponding fields in a record that is then stored in our relational database. MySQL
database management system will be used to create and access the database.

The presentation of information to the user by the browser is controlled in the site by means of a
cascading style sheet. CSS (cascading style sheet) is a collection in file named. e.g., style.css of
styling (look and formatting) rules or rule-sets. A CSS rule consists of a selector and a
declaration block.

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The selector specifies the HTML element you want to style. The declaration block contains one
or more declarations separated by semicolons. Each declaration includes a property name a
value, separated by a colon. A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, declaration groups
are surrounded by curly brackets.

PHP and MySQL instructions are used in our code to open the database, establish a connection
between it and our HTML code to insert data, retrieve data.

The PHP/MySQL code below establish a connection with our database dB hotel:

<? php

if (! mysql_connect("localhost","root","2435"))

die ('oops connection problem! --> ‘. mysql_error ());

if (! mysql_select_db("db_hotel"))

die ('oops database selection problem! --> ‘. MySQL error ());

?>

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2.3 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Managing hotel service is very complex, hence it involves job of dealing with customers directly,
purchases made by customers and room reservation. The manual hotel management is
subdivided into section with each section having specific tasks. These tasks will however from
time to time interact operationally to achieve organizational objectives. The mode of interaction
consists of all characteristics of a typical manual system i.e. communication through verbal
means, documents etc. This now leads to computerization of hotel management.

2.3.1 THE BROAD ENVIRONMENT FOR HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS

Opportunities are discovered when organizations begin to analyze the broad environment.
Hoteliers and restaurateurs need to be cognizant of these factors and how they can drive change
in the industry. Societal trends and technological trends should be critical points of interest for
industry executives. From a societal perspective, organizations need to look at influences such as
current hot topics, emerging attitudes, demographic shifts and new fads.

An example of societal trends that are impacting the hospitality industry would include the
explosion of social networking. The trend has spanned across several demographic barriers
ranging from Baby Boomers to the Millennial. There has additionally been an enormous effect
on the hotel and restaurant industry. Bloggers have launched sites commenting about
experiences that they have had and have made recommendations regarding the hotel or
restaurant. Savvy industry executives understand the impact of these societal trends and focus
efforts on establishing methodologies that can incorporate appropriate strategies to take
advantage of these trends.

Technological advances focus on the innovation of products, procedures, or services and how
these developments can affect the hospitality industry. For example, online reservations have
grown exponentially over the years.

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 The ability for industry executives to recognize the implications of this technological advance
and develop strategies to take advantage of it is a critical component of strategy development.
One of the premier online reservation Journal of Applied Business and Economics vol. 12(1)
2011 portals, OpenTable.com, boasted that in 2006 dining seats filled in restaurants through the
use of their online reservation system exceeded one million.

This was a 65% increase from the previous year. Industry leaders, not acknowledging this
technological advance and implementing it in some capacity would find their companies lagging
in providing the appropriate customer service that their clientele would demand. Delay in the
implementation of technological advances of this magnitude detracts from developing
sustainability and competitive advantage

2.3.2 TECHNOLOGY’S IMPACT IN THE RESTAURANT AND HOTEL INDUSTRY

A study conducted by investigated how information (through data warehouses) was being
utilized by restaurants/hotels, through the investigation of 12 of the largest hotel firms in the
industry. In this study, only 7 of the 12 hotels were involved with data manipulation and 2 of the
7 had successfully developed and implemented their own data warehouses. Even though some of
the hotels did not have data houses in place they were planning on the future development of this
technology.

Most of the hotels in the study were, using information for support of strategic market analysis
including, targeting new customers, fine tuning loyalty programs, sales analysis and conducting
trend analysis. The study concluded that the hotels ability to collect, process, and access large
amounts of data can help companies build a competitive advantage.

A study conducted by examined 62 companies who had successfully developed and implemented
data warehouses. The financial impact shown was remarkable, return results; ROI equaling
401% and payback periods of approximately 2.31 years. One of the limitations discovered in
study was the expense involved with the development of this type of technology.

The author in had stated that the development of this type of data warehouse could cost in
excess of 3 million dollars. The shear cost of development of this type technology will simply
eliminate many smaller companies from participating in using this technology.

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 A possible solution to the smaller firms could be purchasing information from a third-party
vendor on a decision-by-decision basis.

Hotel executives understand the importance and power of information, especially in troubled
financial Journal of Applied Business and Economics vol. 12(1) 2011 75times. The
development and use of information systems can additionally aid in hotels ability to develop
concepts for new development, target better locations, identify potential franchisees, locate new
labor markets, track employee performance, and, most importantly, track customer satisfaction.

I have identified six essential factors that can help build successful marketing strategies through
the use of data mining, a statistical technique that builds models from vast data bases. They
include, (a) creating direct mail campaigns, (b) planning seasonal promotions, (c) planning the
timing and placement of ad campaigns, (d) create personal advertisements, (e) define growing
and emerging markets, (f) help in room reservations (wholesale and business customers). The
factors are recommended to be used in conjunction with other statistical modelling tools and help
build competitive advantage.

According to companies that effectively use technology will have the biggest effect on the
customer satisfaction. The authors discussed three hotels which were awarded “best practices”
for their technological innovations. These programs were specifically designed to improve
service. These hotels were, The Balsams Grand Resort Hotel, Fairmont Copley Plaza, and the
Ritz-Carlton Chicago.

At the Balsams Grand Resort Hotel in New Hampshire, technology was used to help develop a
guest history log. The Balsams Grand used the guest history logs to capture customized
information on the guests that had already made reservations at the hotel. The program was one
of the first attempts to use an expert system model to gauge the needs and wants of the guests.
Information was generated in regards to hotel inquiries, rooms, room types and numbers, special
requests, times of year visited, any special requests, service personnel requested, etc.

All of this information was stored into an individual’s personal file. The expert system then can
anticipate almost any guest request. The success of this program has generated approximately
85% repeat business for the hotel. Additionally, new business has been generated from previous
guest recommendations. Boston’s Fairmont Copley Plaza’s property management system was

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adopted and incorporated to expedite the concierge service at the hotel. Property management
system enabled to get guest information such as newspaper preference, wake up time, overnight
laundry service, restaurants with distance and directions from hotel as well as many other
options. The result was an overwhelming, 90% satisfaction rate of the concierge service at this
hotel, with an increased revisiting rate. At the Ritz Carlton in Chicago, customer demand of
technical help with computers in the rooms was on the rise. With most guests making inquiries to
the concierge office, both guests and employees were getting frustrated due to lack of technical
knowledge. In response Ritz management created a new position, pulling from the hotel
management information systems department, called the concierge.

With services being offered Monday through Friday, guests were able to obtain any technical
support they need in conducting business requiring computers or computer technology. Customer
service has improved overall, as well as the moral of the staff at the Ritz Carlton. In addition to
improving customer service and satisfaction several hotels were given “Best Practices Awards”
for information technology by implementing systems that helped in the increased efficiency of
hotel operations. The Barbizon Hotel and Empire Hotel New York co-developed a computer
database and hotel logbooks, phone calls for maintenance and record keeping of operations.

Hotel personnel from any house phone or PC throughout the hotel can access the expert system.
The expert system automatically assigns tasks to the responsible employee or manager, and can
even page them to make them aware of the task. In 15 minutes, the system will re-page to
remind, and if the task has not shown to be completed the system will automatically notify the
appropriate manager. The system also facilitates management in $750,000 in 3 years through
increased productivity, decreased paperwork, and ability to analyze trouble spots.

Directly linked to the hotels improvement in they have shared a 30% increase in repeat business.
It is evident through the preceding literature that leveraging this type of Information can lead
organizations toward better decision making and building and sustaining competitive hotel.

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 CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 METHODOLOGY

A research methodology is a systematic programming approach of well-defined procedure that

should be followed in carrying out a thorough research project. An adequate suitable
methodology would ensure a very detailed research work and ensure that a higher degree of
accuracy and efficiency is adopted.

The research methodology used helps to ensure that a thorough study of the present system is
effectively carried out, thus helping the project research team to completely understand the
modus operandi of the present existing system so as to know the new system should be
structured and the functionalities needed in it to address the seemingly, existing problems
discovered.

This helps to know if there should be a total overhauling of the existing system or if only
improvements should be made. Hence, after duly considering the above reasons, the structured
Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM) is adopted. Due to this fact, there is importance of
carrying out a thorough, adequate and completely comprehensive evaluation of the existing
system with a view to identifying its strengths and weakness. For a very sensitive topic like this,
especially as it concerns critical issue like sales and profit making to avoid liquidation of
company.

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3.2 DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM.

Analysis involved a defiled study of the current system leading to the specification of
new system. The existing system happens to be a non-computerized operating system were all
operations are done manually by the receptionist.

Analyzing the existing system ensures that a new software which would deliver
efficiency, effectiveness, accuracy, reliability and accuracy in the management of a hotel’s affair
will be designed and implemented. However, the aim of a comprehensive and thorough analysis
of the operation of an existing system is to get the required data that will assist tremendously in
the design of a new system.

3.3 PROBLEMS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM.

It is important to keep pace with time with the increasing competition in the market and to stand
on the present environment of the modern world. The various drawbacks of manually handling
the operations in the hotel are:

 Slow speed of operation.

 Conflicting information
 Data redundancy
 Inaccurate information
 Insatiable customers
 Inability to analyze past data
 Day to day activities of the existing system is very costly.

It is well noted that an automated system of managing and reservation of rooms or other
affairs of a hotel is more efficient and reliable then a manual system that performs the same
operations. This in turn gave rise to a proffered solution to the underlying problems associated
with managing the affairs of a hotel manually.

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3.4 ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM: The proposed system will help the Hotels to
operate efficiently by eliminating all the time-consuming procedures and provide a better service
to their customers as well as for the employees in the company. It will eliminate the need for
members of staff of the hotel to go about some affairs manually and hereby reduces most
problem inherent in the existing system.

It will consist of two parts mainly- Web Based Reservation System (Customer’s Perspective) and
Hotel Reservation System (Administration Perspective).

3.4.1 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION.

The following fact-finding methods or data collection methods were used.

i. Direct interview with staffs in Hotels, around Akwa Ibom.

ii. Internet; I surfed the internet for researches on computerized Hotel reservation and
booking management system.

3.5 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODOLOGY

TECHNIQUE.

The structured system analysis and design methodology has some techniques, but in the
course of this project work, the hierarchical partition model and the overview model are
employed and discussed below.

3.5.1 THE HIERARCHICAL PARTITION MODEL.

This system analysis technique provides a logical way of partitioning the system into smaller
systems. These techniques view the entire system as a unit and try to partition or split the system
into another subsystem. The proposed system is partitioned into three subsystems which are the
definition, activity and report sub-system, with each subsystem further portioned into smaller
partitions or units known as entities. The advantages of this technique are that maintaining and
handling the program will be easier and the software can be organized into various menus and
submenus (i.e. human-interface design).

25
The hierarchical partition model of the system (hotel reservation and booking management
system) is shown in the figure 3.1

Definition

Admin Staff Management

Check in/out
Manage Services
Manage Staff

Activities Process online

HMS
reservations

Book Hall

View reports
Edit profile
Reports. Logout

Figure 3.1: Hierarchical Partition Model of the System

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3.5.2. THE OVERVIEW MODEL.

This is logical model that shows the input data, database and reports of the component of
the subsystem. With the overview model, it is easy to know data flows in and out of the
subsystems.

The overview models of the Hotel reservation and booking management system are
shown below.

Input data input data

Admin
data Admin
Report
store subsystem

Output data output data

Fig 3.2 an overview model for the administrator

Input data input data

User
User
data Report
subsystem
store

Output data output data

Fig 3.3. An overview model for the user

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 Input data input data

Manag
ement Management
Report
data subsystem

Output data output data

Fig 3.4: an overview model for the management

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3.6 SPECIFICATION OF FORMS

The input to the system is designed to capture data from each form, save and retrieve it from the
database.

LOGIN TO BOOK

Email

Password

Don’t have an account register HERE

Login

Fig. 3.5Login Form (for booking)

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 ADMIN LOGIN

Username

Password

Login

Fig. 3.6: Login Form (for Staff and management)

Booking page
Name

Phone Number

Checkin
Checkout

Room Type
Option AC/Non
Fig. 3.7: Room Booking Form
Price

Book Now

Fig. 3.7: Room booking Form

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 ADD NEW ROOM

Room no

Room type -select-

Option
-select-
(ac/no ac)

Add Room

Fig. 3.8: Input Form design for adding new Room

3.7 DATABASE SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN

There is need to provide an efficient data storage procedure for holding and securing critical
information. This data storage module is known as database. There is numerous DBMS
technology available such as: ORACLE, MS ACCESS, and SQL SERVER.

The DBMS used for this project is MySQL server. The database contains fourteen tables, the
structure of the tables includes:

1. Login details: This table holds the information for administrators of the system

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 Table. 3.1: Login details database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE

Id VARCHAR 15
Password VARCHAR 35
Access level INT 10

2 Attendance: This table holds the information for staff attendance

Table. 3.2: Attendance database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

Employee id INT Employee id 11
Name VARCHAR Employee name 35
Date VARCHAR Employee enlistment date
Present VARCHAR Employee attendance 8

3 Room booking: This table holds the information for booked room

Table. 3.3: Room booking database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

Id INT Room booking Id 11
Username VARCHAR Booking user 35
Room no INT Room number 11
Check in date DATE Check-in date
Checkout date DATE Check-out date
N days INT No of days 11
Category VARCHAR Category of booking 35
Type VARCHAR Type of room 35

32
 Option VARCHAR Option for room 35
Rate DECIMAL Amount to be paid 10,2

4 Employee: This table holds the information for staff of the hotel
Table.3.4: Employee database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

Employee id INT Employee id 11
Name VARCHAR Employee name 35
Dob DATE Date of birth of employee
Category VARCHAR Category of the employee 35
Phone BIGINT Phone number of the employee 20
Email VARCHAR Email address of employee 35
Address TEXT Address of employee
Joining date DATE Date of employed
Experience INT Work Experience of employee 11

Photo VARCHAR Photo of employee 75

5 Hall booking: This table hold information for hall booked.

Table.3.5: Hall booking database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

Id INT Hall booking Id 11
Username VARCHAR Hall booking user 40
Check in date DATE Check-in date
Checkout date DATE Check-out date
N days INT No of days 11
Rate DECIMAL Total amount payable for hall 10,2
33
6 Internet shop: This table hold information for food available for ordering online.
Table.3.6: Internet shop database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

Id INT Food Id 6
Image VARCHAR Food Image 32
Name VARCHAR Food name 64
Description TEXT Description of the food
Price DOUBLE Amount sold

7 Order: This table hold information for food ordered by users online.
Table.3.7: Order database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

Id INT Order Id 11
Product VARCHAR Name of Ordered product 100
Quantity INT Quantity of the order 11
Confirmation VARCHAR Order confirmation number 30
Total VARCHAR Total Amount payable 100
Note VARCHAR Order note 500

8 Payment method: This table hold information for payment method for food ordered.
Table.3.8: Payment method database structure

34
 FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE
Id INT Payment method id 11
Dmethodid VARCHAR Delivery method id 30
Methodname VARCHAR Payment method name 100

9 Registration: This table hold information for registered users for online booking and
ordering.
Table.3.9: Registration database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

Id INT User id 11
First_name VARCHAR User first name 35
User VARCHAR Username 35
Password VARCHAR User password 35
Gender VARCHAR User gender 6
City VARCHAR User city 35
State VARCHAR User state 35
Country VARCHAR User country 35
Phone BIGINT User phone number 20
Email VARCHAR User email 35
Security_question TEXT Security question of user
Answer VARCHAR Answer of security question 35

10 Reservation: This table holds full information of user and ordered food online
Table.3.10: Reservation database structure

35
 FIELD NAME DATA DESCRIPTION SIZE
TYPE
Reservation_id INT Reservation Id 11
Firstname VARCHAR User first name 30
Lastname VARCHAR User last name 30
City VARCHAR User city 30
Address VARCHAR User address 30
Country VARCHAR User country 30
Email VARCHAR User email 50
Contact VARCHAR User contact 11
Payable INT Amount payable 11
Status VARCHAR Delivery status 10
Confirmation VARCHAR Reservation confirmation no 20
Delivery VARCHAR Delivery Address 300
Date VARCHAR Date of delivery of reserved food 30
Time VARCHAR Time of delivery 100
Payment VARCHAR Payment method for reserved food 100
Delivery_type VARCHAR Delivery type for reserved food 100

11 Room types: This table hold information for types of rooms available for booking.
Table.3.11: Room types database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

Roomno INT Room number 11
Roomtype VARCHAR Room Type 35
Ac VARCHAR Air Conditioner inclusive 6

12 Salary: This table holds the information for staff salary

Table. 3.12: Salary database structure

36
 FIELD NAME DATA DESCRIPTION SIZE
TYPE
Id INT Salary Id 11
Name VARCHAR Employee or staff name 30
Noofdays INT No of days present at work 11
Sal DECIMAL Salary 10,2
Exp INT Employee work experience 11
Inc DECIMAL Increment based on experience 10,2
Tot_sal DECIMAL Total Salary 10,2

13 Tariff: This table holds the information of tariff plan of rooms

Table. 3.13: Tariff database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

No INT Tariff number 11
Name VARCHAR Tariff name 20
Rate DECIMAL Amount of tariff 10,2

14 Monthly Salary: This table holds the information for general monthly salary structure of
staff

Table. 3.14: Monthly Salary database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

Id INT Employee id 11
Employeetype VARCHAR Employee name 35
Salary INT Employee enlistment date 11
Daily_salary DECIMAL Employee attendance 10,2

3.8 INPUT/OUTPUT DESIGN: This aspect discusses the input and output design of the system
so as to give a clear view of what is meant by the terms input/output design.

37
3.8.1 INPUT DESIGN

It should be understood that input is the data that should be fed into the system to serve as
basis for the desired output. The input to the new system is designed to capture data in the
subsystem.
Some of them includes:
Check in/check out: The front desk user will use this to check customers in or out of the
hotel when their time elapses.
Manage rooms /users: The content of the data that will flow into this subsystem includes
the details of rooms/users to be inserted into the database.
Log in/out: The content of the data that will flow into this subsystem in the process of
logging in are the various user passwords. The data originates from the user and will flow
into the sign in module for user clearance in their respective tasks.
Post bills: This input design includes post reservation, post other services, and post
restaurant and bar. It is necessary for inserting the various bills incurred by customers in this
hotel establishment.
Reservation: The content of the data that will flow into this subsystem are the data that
show that a customer has reserved a room online.

3.8.2 OUTPUT DESIGN With the identification of the input design, it is logical to state the
output design too. Output is the data that should go out of the system. The output design of this
system includes reports that can be viewed by the management of the hotel.

3.9 ALGORITHM DESIGN

Start 38
 Display
menu

Select Option

Yes
Is option Display
home?
Home
No

Yes
Is option A
booking?

No

Yes
Is option B
services?

No

Yes C
Is option
login?
No

Stop

Fig. 3.9: Program flowchart of the proposed system.

A
39
 Display
logon
screen

Input username,
password

Validate No
Inputs

Yes a. View my booking

b. Reservation
Display c. Food ordering
Main Menu

Select Option

Is option Yes View my booking

= a?

No

Yes
Is option Reservation form
= b?

No

Is option Yes Food order form

= c?

Stop

Fig. 3.10: Booking flowchart.

40
 B

Is Option Yes Display Hotel

Hotel Policies
Policies?

No

Is Option Yes Display Tariff

Tariff Plan
&Facilities?
and Facilities

No

Is Option Yes Display Food

Food
menu
menu?

No

Stop

Fig.3.11: Services flowchart

41
C

42
 3.10 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
The architecture ofDisplay
the system design is 3-tier. The tiers are presentation tier, middle tier and
logon
data tier. The presentation
screen tier is the user interface and it is designed using HTML and CSS. The
middle tier connects the presentation tier and data tier together. The middle tier is also called
business logic. It was
Input designed using PHP and JAVA script and it runs on the server. The data
username,
tier is the partpassword
of the system that is responsible for the storing of the data i.e.., the database. And
the database management system used for developing this system is MYSQL database. The
figure below shows the system architecture
Validate No
Inputs

Yes

Presentation Tier Middle Tier

Data
DataTier
Tier
Display
Is username and
Yes Staff or
password for
HTML PHP adminSQL
panel
staff or admin? Database

No

Display
Is username and Yes Management
password for
panel
Management?

Fig 3.13: System Architecture.

Stop

Fig. 3.12: Login Flowchart (management or staff)

43
 CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

4.1 INTRODUCTION

It is a good programming practice to include document on how a new system should be managed
and maintained, to enable it stand the taste of time. System implementation is the actual
introduction of the new system to change the previous system. In a similar manner, systems
documentation consists of writing the description of what a program does and how to use it.

The new system can be implemented in the organization by either applying a stage by-stage
process or by running the old system and the new system simultaneously until the system takes
over the old system’s operation. Furthermore, staff’s in the organization must undergo a
thorough training on how to operate the new system. This is to obtain, by the organization, the
maximum and efficient use of the new system.

4.1.1 CHOICE OF DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

The application (hotel reservation and booking management system) was developed using PHP
as an object-oriented programming language and MySQL server to manage the database
(information storage). The development environment used is the Macromedia Dreamweaver.

I. Macromedia Dreamweaver 8: This was used for designing, editing, debugging and
building HTML, CSS, PHP, JAVASCRIPT and MySQL codes.
II. PHPMyAdmin: This was used in designing and re-editing MySQL database.
III. Xampp server: This is a local server or network that is used to execute hypertext
pre-processor and my structures query language, and to stimulate the internet.

44
4.1.2 CHOICE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

The programming languages used in this project work are PHP and MySQL.

Justifications for using the programming language PHP for this work are as follows:

• It is a server site scripting language Its open source (i.e. free to use) and cost of hosting a
PHP application is less compared with the ASP (Active Server Page) and JSP (Java
Server Pages)

• It adds dynamism to a website or web application.

Also, MYSQL is used for the following reasons:

• It is preferred because it can execute queries against a database

• SQL can insert records in a database and can set permissions on tables, procedures and
database.

• It is also preferred because if the back end of the web application. This is because
everything that is being done is stored to the database.

45
4.2 IMPLEMENTATION ARCHITECTURE

Hotel Management
System

Hom Services Login form

Bookings Login form Logi
(Admin) (Management
e n
Login Form Hotel Policies Employee Add user
(guest) manager

Tariff plan and Room View staff

Reservation Facilities manager salary
Customer
View Allotted
Food menu manager
Food Room
Ordering Food manager
View customer
report
Exit Exit
View Bill report

View customer
report

Exit

Fig. 3.14: Implementation Architecture Diagram

46
4.3 SYSTEM TESTING.

During the design stage of the system, testing of the system was done to verify its efficiency and
resistance to deliberate errors. This can be done in several stages which include: -

UNIT TESTING – the performance of the individual parts or modules are examined using test
data.

INTEGRATION TESTING – the parts are linked together and the test data is used to see if the
parts works together. It’s the testing of integrated modules to verify combined functionality after
integrated.

FUNCTIONAL TESTING –This type of testing ignores the internal parts and focus on the
output is as per requirement or not.

SYSTEM TESTING – The entire system is tested as per the requirement

47
4.4. SCREEN SHOTS

Fig 4.1: Screen Shot for Login (Booking for User)

Fig 4.2: Screen Shot for System Home Page

48
Fig 4.3: Screen Shot for Booking page.

4.5 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS: This is the physical and non-physical components of the
system. They are broadly classified into hardware and software requirements.
4.5.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Hardware requirements of the system are as follows:

• Pentium 266HZ – 566HZ

• 512MB RAM
• 14’ super video graphic adapter monitor (SVGA)
• 20GB of hard disk
• A mouse or mouse sensitive used on laptops
• CD ROM or USB port
• Power or Voltage surge
• Uninterrupted power supply (UPS), lasting for at least 24 hours.

4.5.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

49
The following are the software requirements of the system;

• Microsoft Windows Operating System – (Window XP, vista or window 7

Win9x and above)

• MYSQL Data Base

• PHPMyadmin

• XAMPP server

• Macromedia Dreamweaver 8

• Web browser (e.g., mozilla Firefox, Chrome)

4.6 SOFTWARE DEPLOYMENT AND INSTALLATION

To run this software from a local host (Xampp server). Xampp Server should be install in the
computer system. The software should be copied into a compact disc (CD) or on a flash drive.
The flash or compact disc containing the software should be inserted into the computer system
with which the ballot uploading will be done. And To install the application, the following
procedure are followed:

• Open the inserted CD or flash drive containing the software

• Go to the root folder of the Xampp server named “” www” and open the folder

• Copy the application from the CD or Flash drive into the opened folder

Launch the WAMP server icon on the task bar. Click on PHPmyadmin to take you to the
PHPmyadmin page on your browser. Create a database named “db_hotel”, after which database
created will be displayed. Then click on the import button to import the database stored in the
application folder. After which you launch your application on the web browser using the URL
(http://localhost/HMS).

50
 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

5.1 SUMMARYOF ACHIEVEMENT

Having come to completion of this project work a lot of achievement was made and they include;

1. The replacement of error prone manual system with new online hotel reservation and booking
management system.

2. Data can now be processed with great speed and efficiency.

3. Direct capture and storing of data

4. The security of data is to some extent ensured.

5. The use of database server was implemented.

51
5.2 CONCLUSION

Research and development are continuous processes; this is same in computer and software
development. However, the effectiveness and efficiency of this new system provide room for
further improvement. As early mentioned, some of the scope of this project were actualized. The
objectives could be improved upon, the online hotel reservation and booking management
system developed will offer greater opportunity in Hotel management. All processing of hotel
information with regards to reservation, management of hotel activities can be carried out online.

5.3 RECOMMENDATION

Having seen the problem encountered in using the old system of hotel reservation and booking
management, I suggest that this online Hotel Reservation System be adopted in Hotels and staff
that will be handling this software package be given training on computer based on how to use
the new system.

52
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