Indices, Surds and Standard form 16-09-24

P1(024) O-LEVEL
Non-Caluator
Concepts to cover PG (580) IGLSE
1. Rules of Indices
2. Simplifying surds using prime factorization
3. Addition and subtraction of surds
4. Rationalizing the denominator
5. Standard Form
 Indices

m - Power/Index/exponents/order BODMAS
a PEDMAS
Base
B Brackets
:
P Parethentis
:

0 :
Order/Power E: Exponents
D

A
S

① axa"-amth

uxu"
-
a - u

b.
35x32 = 37

m 1
-a
-

② = a

·
-
b .

as
③ axb" = (axb) (a)"= qu
a 5x5
~
= (5)" = 225 y
"
25 100)
*
b .
4 x = - 10
, 000
5 xn2 = que
① - b
(
a
d16 43
.

(6) 43 = = = . 64
⑤ 28 = 1 G+ 0

⑥ In= I 100 . k(x I x .... ) 111

Lamj"
me

a (22)3 21 64 223 : 4 = 54

b .
Ligs)"- Roy
⑧ a = 1
A
at = 1
a I
Evaluate

= <
(3)
=3x2
24 To
12
6 . = d

3n2 = Su
3
(u)" =
and 3x22 - 12

Sord form Index Surd form Index

9 : = de ii -a
a 35
·= = a

-an
= i -
Evaluate Evaluate

29 27
·
① =

a
3 = 27
.
Ga =
3 6 .
64"T-4216
 = 32

Misc.
Examples

·
:
(
= 26

ul -

&
F
&
R
s
I 6*u3

O
3 :2
5 54
=

(b) 25 +
58 So
 a a"-
It
solving exponential equation
10 = used in

m= n

Examples

a.
28 b
.
4 = 16 2448
& & 124m2
n =
3 n= 2 an s
2n 3=

3
u=

d 2
i
. -

2
=
&
27
U= 5
↓ (59"5
-

c . 10 = 0 001
.

O
E)x a 5 3
-
=

a=8

3b 1
=

10 -

Too b =

10-st
↓ o
c=
-
3
 Standard Form 18-09-24

① Conversion (standard >

--
Ordinary) -

② Addition & subtraction i Thousand =

1, 000 103
Million = 1 , 000
, 000 106
Multiplication 109

I
③ Billion
= 1 000
,
, 000
, 000

Trillion 1 000, 000

-
, 000
, ,000 10k
④ Division
Friday
>

⑤ Word Problems

Axion
0 IAC10
② U:
Integer (3 -2
, , ,
, ,,
3
-1 0 1 2
① Conversion
(Ordinary > Standard)
a .
200. x 100 Axion Decimal Power
Too I = A< 10 [ t

2 100 > -

zx c .
3 , 500

b .
250 000
,
,900
3, :

3 5x. 10
2
, 000 .

5
2 5 x 10
. d
. hi5 .

2 253x103
.

2
. 20 million f .
300 Billion

+ 9 +2
Gox 106 300 x 10

Gogx 105
+
3 x10"
2x107

0027
90
.

Background
07 0 0027
.

x 1000
Tod
2 7 .
x 10-

72x0
n .
025
7 25 .
x 10 - 4 i 2025 = GOL5x10
 Standard s
Ordinary
9 3x105 =
3 x 100
, 000 = 300
, 000

205X10*
3
.
mos -0000s

28 75 .
x 105 = 0 0000875
.

d.
7 .
4x10* - 7 4%?
.
740
, 000

> Addition I subtraction

① Su+ Jut-But

⑦ IOn"-hm" = bu

⑤ Su + 7n = Not Possible

Examples :

Simplify ,
giving your answers in standard form

a . bx + Ux = Exis

b. + 6 x107 =
7 . 5x107

*
8x10 4x10
**
+ 6x10 =
MX10- = 1 .

do 4 . 3x10"-G /x10" .
= 2 . 2x104
~
 2. 3 . 5x100 + 4 .
2x109

Method I method 2

3 5x108 +
.
42x109
+
·
3 5x188 +
*
:
4 .
2x109
35x108 + 4 x 108 0 .

35x109 + 4 .
2x10"
455x108
+ 1
4
. 55x109

4 55x109
.

fo 7 :
25x10"- 57x103
·

7 .
25x10" -
0 .
37x104
·
Dis
0 37.

6 .
88x104 6 .
88

6 2x10-4
+
1 :
25x10" +
go
.

1 25 x 10*+ 0 .
62x10 1 25
.

h
1 87
.
x10- 1 87.

* > "
n .
7 25x10 . -

3x10 250 .
x0
2
3x10-7
+
·
↓

725x105 -

0 03x105.

7 .
22x10-5
 20-09-24

Multiplication / Division :
Apples with Apples & Oranges with
oranges

& 3 x 105 x5x103 =

15 x 100
-
3u x Jn"- In
155x108 ~
+1

1 5x
.
109

+5

② 4 5 x10
.
*
x 6 x 10 =
27x10-9
~ 27x106
+ 1

2 7x
.
107
>2
-

(x10) qu
③ -

36x
100gh
4
a N0-3x10 No =
h 10 "

⑤ N -
2x10 No 10% 10" (6x104 ?
=

6 x 10" x 6x107 = 36x108

⑥ x107 -

10 =
8x10 =10)
103
⑦ ex 10-
xi" = 5x108 #000 , -
1000

⑧ -2x10" (o)" :
103
 16x 5 i
⑨ 1 6x: 10 - 7 5
50
(s)
s
4

o
*
-

3x10 = 0 .
375x10
-
5
8 X 10

0375 x 102-1
S
.

=
H · 375

3 .
75x10" 8530
n 4 3)

-
- -

a
60
4 +3 56
= I 40
u7
=

:
 Glyx 108
+
=
6 .
4x107

· Sh

0 4 X 10
.
11--4

15-1
4
OuX 10

4x10'Y

(8x10" Lum)"
-
8 +1 my
a . =
GyX10
6 4 x 10-7
.

= 7x102 [i]

[2]

b .
n
=
9 x108 -J +

9) x 100 + 2 . /x107
90x107 +

961x107
201x107
+ i
8
921 X 10

COSTx
 - -

Or
-
L

I . 0x10*
7 x 62 Average Sum
-

T
62
62- Averageme Soy
M -

a
i Average- Sum
+2

433X 108
50 m
Some
4 .
34 x 10 > ANS
-

Ex108
+

(ii) 3 5x .
10 -
b ais
of

x0
35x10"
. -
0 .
7x109
2 .
8x109
-

2xx10 on xio
T
GX104th 20 %

2x10 = 20 %
 8 x1p5
32x10* +

2x10S-8x105T
a
b .
3.

32x105 8x105 -

24 105 +1

i
x

2 4x103
.

3 . 2x10" -
08
.

x 10.
2.
4x10"
 Indices

Worksheet 1 (Non-Calculator)

1. W17/qp12/q12

𝑎𝑥 = 5
-

a. Find 𝑎 2𝑥
lan" 52.25 lamy m [1]

b. Find 𝑎 −𝑥 &
-
[1]

2. S18/qp11/q16
a. Evaluate 33 − 30 [1]
-

26

b. Simplify completely [2]

( DO
9𝑎 3 𝑏3
16𝑏𝑎 5
)
,

3. W18/qp11/q14
(
a. Evaluate [1]
0 2
1 1
1
( ) −( )
-1 -
=

3 3

b. Simplify [2]

-
1
−3
27
( )
𝑥6

4. W18/qp12/q21
a. Evaluate 91 + 90 I [1]
b. Find n, where 4n = 2𝑛−1 [2]

y 2n -

&
In
5. S19/qp11/q6 2
Ex"
a. Evaluate.
i. 361/2 6 = [1]
ii. 5−2 -Er [1]
5 22x25 2=

b. 22 ×8 = 3 2𝑘 find the value of 𝑘 u [2]

z
E

6. S19/qp12/q20
Simplify [2]

ju
·
1
−2
9𝑥 7 𝑦
( 5 9)
𝑥 𝑦

7. W19/qp11/q12
−2
- a. Evaluate 3 × 3
4 ( [1]
b. Evaluate 3 × 30 [1]
1 1
&
c. Simplify 𝑦 2 × 4𝑦 4 [1]

8. W19/qp12/q13
Simplify
&
a. (2𝑥 2 )0 [1]
&
b. (3𝑥 3 )2 [1]
& 8 1
c. (𝑥 3)3 [2]

9. S20/qp12/q21
Simplify [2]
2𝑥2 −3
( 5)
𝑥 -
10. W20/qp12/q12
a. Simplify (2𝑥 2 )3 [1]
· b. Simplify 6𝑡 3 ÷
2
(3 𝑡 2 ) [2]

6
⑤
69
9t
 Indices
Worksheet 2 (Calculator)
1. W09/qp2/q1(a)
Solve [1]
2𝑦 = 8

3
y
=

2. S16/qp21/q2(b)
Simplify [2]

9𝑎𝑏6
(𝑎 3 𝑏 2 )
1
2 - (a 34)2

↓ d
lab
b
3. S19/qp43/q2(c)
Simplify
i. 𝑎3 × 𝑎6 - [1]

ii. (5𝑥𝑦 2 )3- [2]

iii. (
27𝑥 12 −1
64𝑦 3
) 3
l [3]

quay"
4. S21/qp21/q3(d)
𝑥6
= 𝑥 −3
𝑥𝑚
Find m. [1]

6
-
3
-

6 - m=
-

m = 9
5. W22/qp42/q6(c and d) (0580)
a. Write as a single fraction in its simplest form. [3]

OX 4𝑎 3𝑎𝑑
5
÷
10𝑐

Y
b. 5𝑛 + 5𝑛 + 5𝑛 + 5𝑛 + 5𝑛 = 5𝑚
544 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1) 54=

Find an expression for m in terms of n. [2]

54(5) = 52

(n 1 m
+

6. W22/qp43/q2 n+ 1 = m

Simplify m = n +1
i. 𝑝 3 × 𝑝11 [1]

18𝑚6
ii. [2]
3𝑚2

27𝑥 9 𝑦 27 −1
iii. ( ) 3 [3]
64

7. S23/qp42/q9(a) (0580)
Simplify

i. (3𝑥 2 𝑦 4 )3 [2]

j
16
ii. ( 𝑥 16 𝑦8)−2 [3]

up
s
Answer Key:

1. 3
3𝑏2
2. 𝑎
4𝑦
3. (i) 𝑎 9 (ii) 125𝑥 3 𝑦 6 (iii) 3𝑥 4
4. 9
8𝑐
5. (c) 3𝑑(d) n+1
4
6. (a)(i)𝑝14 (a)(ii) 6𝑚4 (iii) ( 3𝑥 3𝑦9 )−1/3
𝑥 24 𝑦12
7. (a)(i) 27𝑥 6 𝑦 12 (ii)
64
Answer Key:

1
1. (a) 25 (b) 5
3𝑏
2. (a)26 (b) 4𝑎
3. (a) 8/9 (b) 𝑥 2/3
4. (a) 10 (b) -1
1
5. (a)(i) 6 (a)(ii)25 (b) 7
𝑦4
6. (3𝑥)
7. (a)9 (b) 2 (c) 4 𝑦 3/4
𝑥
8. (a) 1 (b) 9𝑥 6 (c) 2
𝑥9
9. 8
10. (a) 8𝑥 6 (b)9𝑡
 Sords 23-09-24

①
Simplify
a .
5 = x2 =
25 28
in
24
= x2 22
I

. The 272
256
2 18

39

31 ?
② Addition
a subtraction of surds

a .
355 + 455 = 75

6 6-5E =
It or E

2
. 552 + 65 = Not Possible

d .
Ga + 5

6+ 2 = 85
③ Multiplication

a .
5 x =
5 General Rule

b .
4 x 35 = 12 - 10 x = a

or

c.
x 5 = =
3 (a) =a

d Ex = 2
(a+b) " ah = + 2ab + b

e 5x5 = 5

( + b) " =
at+ Lab + b
Gr + y)"
t Fig Bras 21)i + + 12
SESE = 9(2) = 18

9(2) + 65 + 1

18 + 6+ 1
19 + 65 36
3(6u) =
184

(352 1) (3rai)
+ = 9(b) + 3 + 32 + 1

18 + GE + 1

19 + 6th
② Rationalisation

Rationalise the denominator

-25
a 0
3
.

↓ x = G

. 3
() * 2

2
x = 4

d .

X
-

*W

A
2
.
+5

↑. 26

s
e
I
g.

as
 1
12
- &

i 3 x ray = 32 + 3 X (E (( y
- -

= 2 -

r2 -

-1 + 11) 12 W
2 -
1
3 -

2
3 + 3
&
-
-

j
55 xmn-10 % -
55 b)(a b) a bu
(a -
+
=
-

+ 25-1 []2 - 12 - 7
E-1)(E ) (2)" +
=
-
1
2 -
1
(2)
-

1 = <(2) -
1 =
7 I
Olend IGCSE
105-5B P1> P2
& P2P4
>

-
5 25 15
out
. x +3 = 105 +

53
25 dis + -32
#
4(3) 9
+
-

= 3

-
-

x
.
1

3-25

find
6
. Es ,
the value
of a

a = (3 +5) (3-5)
a =
32 (5) -

a= 9 -
5
a= 4
 My find .
the
8
.
, possible values

&
c = (a 3) (Ma rs)
-
+

c = (9)" E3)"
-

Su = 30

10
U=

c =
19-3
= T6 *2 , 16

C= 14 C= 14 c= 4 or
-