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L03 AreasBounded By x-axis Solution

The document discusses the significance of the definite integral in calculating areas bounded by curves and the x-axis, referencing the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. It provides examples of finding areas for various functions and emphasizes the importance of sketching the curves before calculation. Additionally, it explores areas below the x-axis and includes exercises for practice.

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Hoa Lê
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12 views

L03 AreasBounded By x-axis Solution

The document discusses the significance of the definite integral in calculating areas bounded by curves and the x-axis, referencing the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. It provides examples of finding areas for various functions and emphasizes the importance of sketching the curves before calculation. Additionally, it explores areas below the x-axis and includes exercises for practice.

Uploaded by

Hoa Lê
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics S – Term 2 - Strand 2 – L3

Significance of the Definite Integral


Areas bounded by the x-axis
Syllabus reference: 10-3

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

It can be proven that the area, A, of the region bounded by the curve y f x , the x axis and
the ordinates x a and x b (provided the region is entirely above the x axis), is given by
b b

A f x dx ( sometimes given as A y dx )
a a

i.e. y

b
y=f(x)
Shaded Area f x dx
a
b
F ( x) a

F b F a
Where F x is a primitive of f x a b x

It is important that a sketch is made of the curve y f x before considering the area of a
required region.

Examples:

1. Find the area of the region bounded by the line y 2 x , the x-axis and the lines x 1 and
x 2.
f , 2xdx
=

[x] " py
=
4 -

= 3 unit2

2. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y x 3 and the x-axis, between x 1
and x 3 . · Y1

S xdx [x4] 3
!
=

=
-(81-1) I
7X

=
20 unit"
3. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y x2 5 , the x-axis and the ordinates
x 2 and x 2 .

4. Find the area of the region enclosed by the curve y x(1 x) and the x axis.

5. Sketch the curve y x 2 (2 x) and find the area of the region bounded by the curve, the
x-axis and the ordinates x 1 and x 2 .
Area below the x-axis

Investigation: Find the area of the region bounded by the line y x 1 , the x-axis ,
and the y-axis.

(a) Using the formula for the area of a triangle.

(b) Using a definite integral.

When a region is entirely below the x-axis:

y
b
Area f x dx
a b a
x b
y dx
a

y=f(x)

6. Sketch y x 2 7 x 10 showing the x-intercepts. Find the area of the region bounded
by the curve, the x-axis and the ordinates x 3 and x 4 .

7. (a) Using a sketch of the curve y ( x 1) 3 , find the area of the region bounded by
the curve y ( x 1) 3 , the x-axis and the ordinates x 1 and x 2 .
2

(b) Evaluate ( x 1) 3 dx :
1

(i) using the definition of a definite integral.

(ii) with reference to the regions below and above the x-axis in your sketch in
part (a).

8. In the diagram (not to scale), the bounded regions y


A and B have areas 5 units 2 and 8 units 2
respectively.
y = f(x)

(a) Use the diagram to write down the values of:


2
B
A x
(i) f x dx . 2 5
0

(ii) f x dx .
2

(iii) f x dx .
0

(b) Express the total area of regions A and B in terms of integrals from part (a) .

Learning Guide Exercises: 10-3(A,B)

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