Black is the color that results from the absence of light or when all visible light

is absorbed. It is an achromatic color, meaning it has no hue, like white and gray
How is black perceived?
•The human eye perceives black when there is no light or when all wavelengths of
visible light are absorbed.
•Black is the darkest possible color.
What is black used for?
•Black is used in printing because it contrasts with white paper, making it easy to read.
•Black is also used in computer screens, where black text on a white screen is the most
common format.
What are the meanings and associations of black?
•Black can be associated with darkness, night, and mystery.
•Black can also have positive associations, such as authority, elegance, and power.
•Black can also have negative associations, such as death, evil, and anger.
•Black's meanings can vary across cultures. For example, in China, black is associated
with water, winter, and cold.
How is black created?
•Black can be created by mixing the primary colors red, blue, and yellow in varying
proportions.
 White is a color that is achromatic, meaning it has no hue, and
is the lightest color. It is the opposite of black.

How is white perceived?

•White is perceived when an object reflects all wavelengths of visible light.
•White objects scatter and fully reflect all visible wavelengths of light.
•On computer and television screens, white is created by mixing red, green, and blue
light.

What is white used for?

•White is used in art, history, and culture.
•White is used to convey a sense of cleanliness or simplicity.
•White is used to create contrast when paired with darker colors.

What does white symbolize?

•White is often associated with purity, cleanliness, and innocence.
•White can also symbolize freshness, sterility, coldness, and detachment from worldly
desires.

How is white represented in culture?

•In Buddhism, white symbolizes purity of mind and body.
•In Tibetan Buddhism, white represents the air.
•In Paleolithic art, white calcite and chalk were used to draw.
 Hue is the color quality that distinguishes one color from
another. It's a color's dominant color family or the wavelength
of light that's reflected or transmitted.

•Color wheel
•Hues are represented on a color wheel, where all colors have
the same lightness and saturation, but differ in hue.

•Wavelength
•Hue is related to wavelength, which is the amount of energy
output from a light source at a specific wavelength.

•Primary colors
The primary colors are red, green, and blue.

•Secondary colors
Secondary colors are created by mixing primary colors, such as
orange, violet, and blue.
•Tertiary colors
Tertiary colors are created by mixing primary and secondary
colors, such as magenta, violet, teal, and chartreuse
•HSV scale
The HSV scale, which stands for Hue, Saturation, and Value, is a useful tool for understanding color.
Introduction to
Color Theory
Color is a function of the human visual system, and
is not an intrinsic property. Objects don't have a color,
they give off light that appears to be a color.

1.1 Physics of Color

1.2 Color and Vision
1.3 Additive and Subtractive Color Process
1.4 Visual Acuity and Deficiency
What is the physics theory of color?
In physics, colour is associated with electromagnetic
radiation of a specific range of wavelengths visible to
the human eye.
An object looks coloured because of the way it
interacts with light.
The study of this interaction and the factors
determining it are the interests of the physics of
colour.

The physics of color is the study of how the human eye perceives color
through the interaction of light with objects. Color is a property of light,
and is determined by the wavelength of light that an object reflects or
transmits.
The physics of color is the study of how the human eye perceives color
through the interaction of light with objects. Color is a property of light,
and is determined by the wavelength of light that an object reflects or
transmits.
How objects appear colored
•Pigments
•Pigments in paints, ink, and other
materials absorb some
wavelengths of light and reflect
others. For example, a red pigment
absorbs wavelengths that aren't
red and reflects red wavelengths.
How objects appear colored
Structural color
The structure of materials
can also generate color. This
is called structural color, and
can be seen in the blue sky,
iridescent feathers, and
pearls.
A color that is produced by
nanoscale structures that
reflect specific wavelengths
of light. It is different from
traditional colorants like
dyes and pigments, which
are based on light
absorption
How objects appear colored
Light reflection
Objects appear different
colors because of how
they reflect, absorb, or
transmit light. For
example, a red wagon
reflects red light and
absorbs green and blue
light.

"Light reflection in color" refers to the phenomenon where an object appears a

certain color because it selectively reflects specific wavelengths of light from the
visible spectrum, while absorbing the other wavelengths; essentially, the color we
see is the result of the light that bounces off an object, not the light it absorbs
How the human eye perceives color
The human eye perceives color through the
retina, optic nerve, and visual cortex. The retina
contains light-sensitive cells called rods and
cones that detect light and send signals to the
brain
How it works:
1.Light enters the eye and hits the retina.
2.Rods and cones in the retina detect the light.
3.The rods and cones send signals to the optic nerve.
4.The optic nerve carries the signals to the visual cortex of the
brain.
5.The brain interprets and names the colors.

Wavelength: The brain interprets the wavelength of light that reaches the eye as a specific color. For example, a
wavelength of 450 nanometers is perceived as blue, and 660 nanometers is perceived as red.
Light intensity: Colors are only visible when there is enough light.
Individual interpretation: Even under the same conditions, different people may perceive the same color differently.
How the human eye perceives color
Wavelength is the distance between identical
points, or adjacent crests, in the adjacent
cycles of a waveform signal propagated in
space or along a wire.
The brain interprets the wavelength of light
that reaches the eye as a specific color. For
example, a wavelength of 450 nanometers is
perceived as blue, and 660 nanometers is
perceived as red.

Wavelength:
Light intensity: Colors are only visible when there is enough light.
Individual interpretation: Even under the same conditions, different people may perceive the same color differently.
How the human eye perceives color
Light intensity is a measurement of the
amount of power either emitted or reflected by
a source, and it can be calculated using either
the total wave output, luminosity, or
brightness.
Colors are only visible when there is enough
light.

Wavelength:
Individual interpretation: Even under the same conditions, different people may perceive the same color differently.
Color theory
The primary colors are red, yellow, and
blue. They are the foundation for creating
all other colors, and cannot be made by
mixing other colors.

Primary colors
Red, yellow, and blue are considered primary colors because they can be combined to create white light.
Color theory
Complementary colors
are pairs of colors that are
opposite each other on the
color wheel and create high
contrast. They are often
used by artists and
designers to create vibrant
and noticeable effects.

Complementary colors
Two colors that can be mixed to create white light are complementary colors.
Color theory
Is the attribute of a colour that
enables an observer to judge
how much chromatic colour it
contains irrespective of
achromatic colour present.

Chroma
Chroma describes how pure or gray a color is. For example, a tomato appears to have a stronger color than a radish.