EXPERIMENT NO.

-10
NAME-SURAJ SAHOO

ROLL NO.-K001

B TECH CYBER SECURITY

Aim: To configure LAN (Connection of two PC’s using hyper terminal for data communication) and
router for network topology .(Virtual configuration through cisco packet tracer software or any other
software)

What is LAN Configuration?

LAN Configuration refers to the way in which devices within a Local Area Network (LAN) are arranged
and connected. It includes the physical setup of network components (such as computers, switches,
routers, and cables) as well as the logical arrangement (such as IP addressing and routing) of devices in
the network. The configuration determines how devices communicate with each other, share resources,
and how data is transmitted.

TYPES OF TOPOLOGY :-

1. Star Topology

Explanation: In star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch. The hub acts as a
mediator for all data transmission between devices on the network.

Advantages:

• Easy to set up and manage: Simplified troubleshooting since each device has its own direct
connection to the hub.

• Scalable: You can easily add more devices without affecting the network's performance
significantly.

Disadvantages:

• Dependence on central hub: The entire network is dependent on the central hub or switch. If
the hub fails, the whole network goes down.

• Cost: Requires more cable and hardware (hubs/switches), making it more expensive than some
other topologies.

Applications:

• Commonly used in home and office networks.

• Ideal for small to medium-sized networks that require easy maintenance and scalability.
2. Mesh Topology

Explanation: In mesh topology, each device is directly connected to every other device in the network.
This creates a robust, fault-tolerant network where multiple paths exist for data to travel.

Advantages:

• Fault tolerance: Data can be rerouted if one connection fails, ensuring network reliability.

• High redundancy: Provides multiple paths for communication, reducing the risk of network
downtime.

Disadvantages:

• Expensive: Requires a large number of cables and network interfaces for each device, making it
costly to implement.

• Complex to set up and maintain: The more devices added, the more complex the network
becomes, making it harder to manage and troubleshoot.

Applications:

• Used in large-scale networks where high reliability and redundancy are crucial (e.g., data
centers, military networks).

• Ideal for applications requiring fault tolerance, such as critical infrastructure systems.
3. Bus Topology

Explanation: In bus topology, all devices are connected to a single central cable (the bus). Data is sent
along the bus, and each device on the network checks the data to see if it is meant for them.

Advantages:

• Cost-effective: Requires less cabling and hardware compared to other topologies.

• Simple to implement: Easy to set up and requires fewer components.

Disadvantages:

• Single point of failure: If the central bus cable fails, the entire network is disrupted.

• Performance issues: As more devices are added, the network can become slower due to data
collisions and traffic congestion.

Applications:

• Typically used in smaller networks or legacy systems.

• Suitable for temporary networks or networks with a limited number of devices.

4. Ring Topology

Explanation: In ring topology, each device is connected to exactly two other devices, forming a closed
loop. Data travels in one direction around the ring, passing through each device until it reaches the
destination.

Advantages:

• Data transmission is organized: As the data moves in one direction, there are fewer chances of
data collisions.

• Predictable performance: The data flows in a fixed path, making it easier to manage and
troubleshoot.

Disadvantages:
 • Single point of failure: If one device or connection fails, the entire network can be affected,
unless there’s a failover mechanism like a dual ring.

• Slower performance with more devices: As more devices are added, the time it takes for data
to complete a full loop increases, reducing overall network speed.

Applications:

• Used in LANs requiring predictable and organized data flow, such as certain industrial or
academic environments.

• Can be found in older systems or smaller networks.

CONCLUSION:

The successful configuration of a LAN connecting two PCs using HyperTerminal and a router in Cisco
Packet Tracer demonstrated effective data communication and network setup. By creating a network
topology, assigning appropriate IP addresses and gateways, and testing connectivity, the exercise
highlighted key networking concepts such as device communication, routing, and IP addressing. This
practical simulation emphasized the importance of networking skills and showcased the utility of tools
like Cisco Packet Tracer for real-world scenarios.