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Principles of Flight for Pilots Aerospace Series PEP 1st
Edition Peter J. Swatton Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Peter J. Swatton
ISBN(s): 9780470710739, 047071073X
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 2.84 MB
Year: 2010
Language: english
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The Principles of Flight

for Pilots
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Aerospace Series List

Cooperative Path Planning of Unmanned Aerial Tsourdos et al November 2010

Vehicles
Principles of Flight for Pilots Swatton October 2010
Air Travel and Health: A Systems Perspective Seabridge et al September 2010
Design and Analysis of Composite Structures: Kassapoglou September 2010
With Applications to Aerospace Structures
Unmanned Aircraft Systems: UAVS Design, Austin April 2010
Development and Deployment
Introduction to Antenna Placement & Macnamara April 2010
Installations
Principles of Flight Simulation Allerton October 2009
Aircraft Fuel Systems Langton et al May 2009
The Global Airline Industry Belobaba April 2009
Computational Modelling and Simulation of Diston April 2009
Aircraft and the Environment: Volume 1 –
Platform Kinematics and Synthetic
Environment
Handbook of Space Technology Ley, Wittmann Hallmann April 2009
Aircraft Performance Theory and Practice for Swatton August 2008
Pilots
Surrogate Modelling in Engineering Design: A Forrester, Sobester, Keane August 2008
Practical Guide
Aircraft Systems, 3rd Edition Moir & Seabridge March 2008
Introduction to Aircraft Aeroelasticity And Wright & Cooper December 2007
Loads
Stability and Control of Aircraft Systems Langton September 2006
Military Avionics Systems Moir & Seabridge February 2006
Design and Development of Aircraft Systems Moir & Seabridge June 2004
Aircraft Loading and Structural Layout Howe May 2004
Aircraft Display Systems Jukes December 2003
Civil Avionics Systems Moir & Seabridge December 2002
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The Principles of Flight

for Pilots

P. J. Swatton

A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication

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This edition first published 2011

C 2011 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Registered offic
John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Swatton, P. J. (Peter J.)
The principles of flight for pilots / P. J. Swatton.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-470-71073-9 (pbk.)
1. Airplanes–Piloting. 2. Aerodynamics. 3. Flight. I. Title.
TL710.S774 2010
629.132–dc22 2010014529

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Print ISBN: 9780470710739
ePDF ISBN: 9780470710937
oBook ISBN: 9780470710944
Set in 9/11 Times by Aptara Inc., New Delhi, India.
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Contents

Series Preface xxi

Preface xxiii
Acknowledgements xxv
List of Abbreviations xxvii
Weight and Mass xxxi

PART 1 THE PRELIMINARIES 1

1 Basic Principles 3
1.1 The Atmosphere 3
1.2 The Composition of Air 3
1.2.1 The Measurement of Temperature 3
1.2.2 Air Density 4
1.3 The International Standard Atmosphere 4
1.3.1 ISA Deviation 5
1.3.2 JSA Deviation 5
1.3.3 Height and Altitude 6
1.3.4 Pressure Altitude 7
1.3.5 Density Altitude 7
1.4 The Physical Properties of Air 7
1.4.1 Fluid Pressure 7
1.4.2 Static Pressure 7
1.4.3 Dynamic Pressure 7
1.5 Newton’s Laws of Motion 8
1.5.1 Definitions 8
1.5.2 First Law 8
1.5.3 Second Law 8
1.5.4 Third Law 9
1.6 Constant-Acceleration Formulae 9
1.7 The Equation of Impulse 9
1.8 The Basic Gas Laws 10
1.8.1 Boyles Law 10
1.8.2 Charles’ Law 10
1.8.3 Pressure Law 10
1.8.4 The Ideal Gas Equation 10
1.9 The Conservation Laws 11
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vi CONTENTS

1.10 Bernoulli’s Theorem 11

1.10.1 Viscosity 11
1.11 The Equation of Continuity 12
1.12 Reynolds Number 12
1.12.1 Critical Reynolds Number (Recrit ) 13
1.13 Units of Measurement 13
Self-Assessment Exercise 1 15

2 Basic Aerodynamic Definitions 19

2.1 Aerofoil Profile 19
2.2 Aerofoil Attitude 20
2.3 Wing Shape 21
2.4 Wing Loading 23
2.5 Weight and Mass 24
2.5.1 The Newton 24
2.6 Airspeeds 24
2.6.1 Airspeed Indicator Reading (ASIR) 24
2.6.2 Indicated Airspeed (IAS) 25
2.6.3 Calibrated Airspeed (CAS) 25
2.6.4 Rectified Airspeed (RAS) 25
2.6.5 Equivalent Airspeed (EAS) 25
2.6.6 True Airspeed (TAS) 25
2.6.7 Mach Number 26
2.7 Speed Summary 26
2.8 The Effect of Altitude on Airspeeds 27
2.8.1 a. Below the Tropopause 27
2.8.2 b. Above the Tropopause 27
Self-Assessment Exercise 2 29

PART 2 BASIC AERODYNAMICS 33

3 Basic Control 35
3.1 Aeroplane Axes and Planes of Rotation 35
3.1.1 The Longitudinal or Roll Axis 35
3.1.2 The Lateral or Pitch Axis 35
3.1.3 The Normal or Yaw Axis 35
3.2 The Flight Controls 35
3.3 The Elevators 37
3.4 Pitch Control 37
3.4.1 Control Surface Area 38
3.4.1.1 Control Surface Angular Deflection 38
3.4.2 The Moment Arm 38
3.4.3 Angle of Attack 38
3.5 Alternative Pitch Controls 39
3.5.1 Variable Incidence Tailplane 39
3.5.2 The Stabilator 40
3.5.3 The Elevons 40
3.6 The Rudder 40
3.7 Yaw Control 41
3.7.1 Control-Surface Area 41
3.7.1.1 Control-Surface Deflection 41
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CONTENTS vii

3.7.2 The Moment Arm 41

3.7.2.1 Engine-Induced Yaw 41
3.8 Asymmetric Engine Yawing Moment 42
3.8.1 Critical Power Unit 42
3.9 Asymmetric Rolling Moment 43
3.10 Minimum Control Speeds 44
3.10.0.1 For Take-off 44
3.10.0.2 For Landing 44
3.10.1 Vmc 44
3.10.2 Vmcg 44
3.10.2.1 The Effect of the Variables on Vmcg and Vmc 45
3.10.3 Vmcl 45
3.10.4 Vmcl(1out) 45
3.10.5 Vmcl-2 46
3.10.5.1 The Effect of the Variables on Vmcl 46
3.11 The Ailerons 46
3.12 Roll Control 46
3.12.1 The Flaperon 47
3.13 Wing Twist 47
3.14 Geometric Twist 47
3.15 Aerodynamic Twist 47
3.15.1 Twisterons 48
3.16 High-Speed Twist 49
3.16.1 Low-Speed Ailerons 49
3.16.2 High-Speed Ailerons 49
3.16.3 Roll Spoilers 50
Self-Assessment Exercise 3 51

4 Lift Generation 55
4.1 Turbulent Flow 55
4.2 Streamline Flow 55
4.3 The Boundary Layer 57
4.4 The Laminar Boundary Layer 58
4.4.1 The Transition Point 58
4.5 The Turbulent Boundary Layer 58
4.5.1 Leading-Edge Separation 59
4.6 Boundary-Layer Control 59
4.6.1 Blowing 59
4.6.2 Suction 60
4.6.3 Vortex Generators 60
4.7 Two-Dimensional Flow 61
4.8 The Stagnation Point 61
4.8.1 Aerofoil Upper-Surface Airflow 61
4.8.2 Aerofoil Lower-Surface Airflow 61
4.9 Lift Production 62
4.9.1 Symmetrical Aerofoils 62
4.9.2 Cambered Aerofoils 62
4.9.2.1 a. Negative Angles of Attack 64
4.9.2.2 b. Small Positive Angles of Attack 64
4.9.2.3 c. Large Positive Angles of Attack 64
4.10 The Centre of Pressure (CP) 64
4.11 Pitching Moments 65
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viii CONTENTS

4.12
The Aerodynamic Centre 67
4.13
Three-Dimensional Flow 68
4.14
Wing-Tip Vortices 68
4.15
Wake Turbulence 70
4.16
Spanwise Lift Distribution 70
4.16.1 The Effect of Wing Planform 70
Self-Assessment Exercise 4 75

PART 3 LEVEL-FLIGHT AERODYNAMICS 79

5 Lift Analysis 81
5.1 The Four Forces 81
5.2 Mass 81
5.3 Lift Analysis 82
5.4 The Factors Affecting Cl 84
5.5 The Effect of Angle of Attack 84
5.6 The Effect of the Wing Shape 85
5.6.1 The Effect of Leading-Edge Radius 86
5.6.2 The Effect of Camber 86
5.6.3 The Effect of Aspect Ratio 87
5.6.4 The Wing Planform 88
5.6.4.1 The Effect of Sweepback 88
5.7 The Effect of Airframe-Surface Condition 89
5.8 The Effect of Reynolds Number 91
5.9 The Relationship between Speeds, Angles of Attack and Cl 92
5.10 Aerofoil Profiles 93
5.10.1 High-Lift Aerofoils 93
5.10.2 General-Purpose Aerofoils 94
5.10.3 High-Speed Aerofoils 94
Self-Assessment Exercise 5 95

6 Lift Augmentation 99
6.1 Wing Loading 99
6.2 Clmax Augmentation 99
6.3 Slats 100
6.3.1 Automatic Slats 101
6.3.2 Manual Slats 103
6.4 Slots 103
6.5 Leading-Edge Flaps 103
6.5.1 The Krueger Flap 105
6.5.2 The Drooped Leading Edge 106
6.6 Trailing-Edge Flaps 106
6.6.1 The Plain Trailing-Edge Flap 107
6.6.2 The Split Trailing-Edge Flap 108
6.6.3 The Slotted Trailing-Edge Flap 108
6.6.4 The Fowler Flap 109
6.6.4.1 The Effect of Trailing-Edge Flaps 110
6.6.5 Leading- and Trailing-Edge Combinations 110
6.6.5.1 The Effect of Sweepback on Flap 112
Self-Assessment Exercise 6 113

7 Drag 119
7.1 Parasite (Profile) Drag 119
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CONTENTS ix

7.2 Surface-Friction Drag 120

7.2.0.1 Surface Area 120
7.2.0.2 Coefficient of Viscosity 120
7.2.0.3 Rate of Change of Airspeed 120
7.2.1 Flow Transition 120
7.2.1.1 Surface Condition 121
7.2.1.2 Speed and Size 121
7.2.1.3 Adverse Pressure Gradient 121
7.3 Form (Pressure) Drag 121
7.3.1 Interference Drag 122
7.4 Induced Drag 122
7.4.1 The Effect of Speed 123
7.4.2 The Effect of Mass 125
7.4.3 The Effect of Planform 125
7.4.4 The Effect of Sweepback 125
7.4.5 The Effect of Aspect Ratio 126
7.4.6 The Effect of Flap 126
7.4.7 The Effect of the CG Position 126
7.4.8 Effects Summary 127
7.5 Ground Effect 127
7.6 Wing-Tip Design 128
7.7 Wingspan Loading 129
7.8 The Coefficient of Induced Drag (Cdi) 129
7.9 Total Drag 130
7.10 Analysis of the Total-Drag Curve 130
7.11 The Velocity of Minimum Drag (Vimd) 130
7.12 The Velocity of Minimum Power (Vimp) 132
7.13 The Maximum EAS/Drag Ratio (Vi/Dmax) Speed 132
7.14 Speed Stability and Instability 133
7.15 The Effect of the Variables on Total Drag 134
7.15.1 The Effect of Altitude 134
7.15.2 The Effect of Mass 134
7.15.3 The Effect of Flap 134
7.16 The Cl v Cd Polar Diagram 136
7.17 Analysis of the Lift/Drag Ratio 137
7.17.1 The Effect of Flap 138
7.17.2 The Effect of Aspect Ratio 138
7.17.3 The Effect of Mass 139
7.18 Drag Augmentation 139
7.19 Airbrakes 139
7.20 Spoilers 139
7.20.1 Flight Spoilers 139
7.20.2 Ground Spoilers 140
7.20.3 Roll Spoilers 141
7.21 Barn-Door Flaps 142
7.22 Drag Parachutes 142
Self-Assessment Exercise 7 143

8 Stalling 153
8.0.1 The Stall 153
8.1 The Boundary Layer 153
8.2 Boundary-Layer Separation 154
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x CONTENTS

8.2.1 Trailing-Edge Separation 154

8.2.2 Leading-Edge Separation 155
8.3 The Low-Speed Stalling Angle 156
8.4 Factors Affecting the Low-Speed Stalling Angle 156
8.4.1 Slat/Flap Setting 156
8.4.2 Ice Accretion 157
8.4.3 Effect on Take-off and Landing 158
8.4.3.1 Take-Off 158
8.4.3.2 Landing 158
8.4.3.3 Reduced Stalling Angle 159
8.4.3.4 Abnormal Stalling Characteristics 159
8.4.4 Heavy Rain 159
8.5 The Effect of Wing Design on the Low-Speed Stall 159
8.5.1 Swept Wings 160
8.5.2 Elliptical Wings 161
8.5.3 Rectangular Wings 161
8.5.4 Straight Tapered Wings 161
8.6 Spanwise-Flow Attenuation Devices 161
8.6.1 The Wing Fence 162
8.6.2 The Sawtooth Leading Edge 162
8.6.3 The Notched Leading Edge 162
8.6.4 Vortex Generators 162
8.7 Wing-Tip Stalling 164
8.7.1 The Effect of Flap 164
8.7.2 The Prevention of Wing-Tip Stalling 165
8.7.2.1 a. Washout. 165
8.7.2.2 b. Root Spoiler. 165
8.7.2.3 c. Changing Camber. 165
8.7.2.4 d. Slats and Slots. 165
8.7.2.5 e. Aspect Ratio. 165
8.8 Stalling Characteristics 165
8.8.1 Ideal Stalling Characteristics 165
8.8.2 Swept-Wing Stalling Characteristics 166
8.9 Summary of Factors Affecting the Stalling Angle 166
8.10 Aerodynamic Stall Warning 166
8.11 Mechanical Stall Warning 167
8.11.1 The Flapper Switch 167
8.11.2 The Angle of Attack Sensor 167
8.11.3 Stick Shakers 168
8.11.4 Stick Pushers 168
8.12 Stalling Speed 168
8.13 Factors Affecting Stalling Speed 169
8.14 Centre of Gravity (CG) 169
8.14.1 Forward CG 169
8.14.1.1 Disadvantage 169
8.14.1.2 Advantage 169
8.14.2 Aft CG 169
8.14.2.1 Disadvantage 170
8.14.2.2 Advantage 170
8.15 Mass 170
8.16 Altitude 171
8.17 Configuration 171
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CONTENTS xi

8.18 Ice Accretion 171

8.19 Wing Planform 172
8.20 Summary of Factor Effects on Stalling Speed 172
8.21 The Speed Boundary 172
8.22 The Effect of a Gust on the Load Factor 173
8.23 Turn Stalling Speed 174
8.24 Stalling-Speed Definitions 174
8.24.1 Vclmax 175
8.24.2 Vms 175
8.24.3 Vms0 175
8.24.4 Vms1 175
8.24.5 Vs 176
8.24.6 Vs0 176
8.24.7 Vs1 176
8.24.8 Vs1g 176
8.24.9 Vsr 176
8.24.10 Vsr0 176
8.24.11 Vsr1 176
8.25 The Deep Stall 177
8.26 The Accelerated Stall 177
8.27 The Power-On Stall 177
8.28 The Shock Stall 178
8.29 Stall Recovery 178
8.29.1 The Low-speed Stall 178
8.29.2 The Deep Stall 178
8.29.3 The Accelerated Stall 178
8.29.4 The Power-On Stall 179
8.29.5 The Shock Stall 179
8.30 The Spin 179
Self-Assessment Exercise 8 181

9 Thrust and Power in Level Flight 189

9.1 Thrust 189
9.2 Analysis of the Thrust Curves 189
9.2.1 Thrust Available 189
9.2.2 Thrust Required 190
9.2.2.1 Maximum Speed (EAS) 190
9.3 The Effect of the Variables on Thrust 191
9.3.1 Altitude 191
9.3.2 Mass 193
9.3.3 Asymmetric Flight 193
9.3.4 Centre of Gravity 195
9.4 Power 196
9.5 Analysis of the Power Curves 196
9.5.1 Maximum TAS 197
9.5.2 Vmp and Vmd 197
9.6 The Effect of the Variables on Power 198
9.6.1 Altitude 198
9.6.2 Mass 200
9.7 Summary 201
Self-Assessment Exercise 9 203
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xii CONTENTS

10 Advanced Control 207

10.1 Wing Torsion and Flexing 207
10.2 Wing Flutter 207
10.3 Torsional Flexural Flutter 207
10.4 Aileron Flutter 210
10.4.1 Torsional Aileron Flutter 210
10.4.2 Flexural Aileron Flutter 211
10.4.2.1 The Mass Balance 212
10.5 Divergence 213
10.6 Control Secondary Effects 213
10.7 Adverse Yaw 213
10.8 Counteraction Devices 214
10.8.1 Rudder/Aileron Coupling 214
10.8.2 Slot/Aileron Coupling 214
10.8.3 Spoiler/Aileron Coupling 214
10.8.4 Differential Aileron Deflection 214
10.8.5 Frise Ailerons 214
10.9 Control-Surface Operation 215
10.10 Aerodynamic Balance Methods 216
10.10.1 The Hinge Balance 216
10.10.2 The Horn Balance 216
10.10.3 The Internal Balance 217
10.10.4 The Balance Tab 217
10.10.5 The Antibalance Tab 218
10.10.6 The Spring Tab 218
10.10.7 The Servo Tab 220
10.11 Primary Control-Surface Trimming 221
10.11.1 Variable Trim Tabs 222
10.11.2 Fixed Trim Tabs 222
10.11.3 Stabilizer Trim Setting 222
10.12 Powered Controls 223
10.13 Power-Assisted Controls 223
10.14 Fully Powered Controls 223
10.14.1 Artificial Feel 224
10.14.1.1 The Simple System 224
10.14.1.2 The Servo-Assisted Hydraulic System 224
10.15 Fly-by-Wire 225
Self-Assessment Exercise 10 227

PART 4 STABILITY 231

11 Static Stability 233

11.1 Static Stability 233
11.2 The Effect of the Variables on Static Stability 235
11.3 Directional Static Stability 235
11.4 Yaw and Sideslip 235
11.5 The Directional Restoring Moment 235
11.5.1 Fin and Rudder Design 237
11.5.2 The Dorsal Fin 237
11.5.3 The Ventral Fin 237
11.5.4 The Moment Arm 237
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CONTENTS xiii

11.6 Aeroplane Design Features Affecting Directional Static Stability 238

11.6.1 Fuselage 238
11.6.2 Wing 238
11.6.2.1 Dihedral 239
11.6.3 Sweepback 239
11.7 Propeller Slipstream 240
11.8 Neutral Directional Static Stability 240
11.9 Lateral Static Stability 240
11.10 Aeroplane Design Features Affecting Lateral Static Stability 242
11.10.1 Increased Lateral Static Stability 242
11.10.2 Decreased Lateral Static Stability 242
11.11 Sideslip Angle and Rolling Moment Coefficient 243
11.12 Analysis of Design Feature Effects 244
11.13 Wing Contribution 244
11.13.1 Dihedral 244
11.13.2 Anhedral 245
11.13.3 Sweepback 245
11.14 Wing/Fuselage Interference 246
11.14.1 Shielding Effect 246
11.14.2 Wing Location 246
11.15 Fuselage/Fin 246
11.15.1 Fin Size 246
11.15.2 Ventral Fin 246
11.16 Handling Considerations 247
11.16.1 Propeller Slipstream 247
11.16.2 Crosswind Landings 247
11.16.3 Flaps 247
11.17 Longitudinal Static Stability 248
11.18 The Centre of Pressure (CP) 249
11.19 The Neutral Point (NP) 250
11.19.1 Types of Static Neutral Point 250
11.19.1.1 The Stick-Free Static Neutral Point 250
11.19.1.2 The Stick-Fixed Static Neutral Point 250
11.19.2 The Effect of the CG at the NP 250
11.20 The Aerodynamic Centre (AC) 251
11.21 The Centre of Gravity (CG) 251
11.21.1 The CG Envelope 251
11.21.1.1 CG Envelope Limitations 251
11.21.1.2 CG Movement 252
11.21.2 The Effect of CG at the Limits 252
11.21.2.1 CG at the Forward Limit 252
11.21.2.2 CG at the Aft Limit 252
11.22 The Static Margin (SM) 253
11.23 The Trim Point (TP) 253
11.24 Longitudinal Dihedral 253
11.25 Aeroplane-Design Variations 255
11.26 The Effect of the Variables on Longitudinal Static Stability 255
11.26.1 Elevator Deflection 255
11.26.2 Trim 256
11.26.3 The Fuselage 257
11.26.4 Angle of Attack 257
11.26.5 Configuration 257
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laden Zigzag plodding after and the brothers bringing up the rear. All
were fortunate in one respect: none of the animals—omitting the
previous accident to the horse Simon and later to Whirlwind—had
fallen lame. This was fortunate when it is remembered that all were
unshod and they had been obliged to pass more than one rough
place. This good fortune could hardly be expected to continue, now
that the hardest part of the journey thus far confronted them.
The course wound among the elevations and depressions, past
boulders and rocks, with grass, trees and undergrowth continually
obtruding, and with the rugged outlines of the mountains towering
above the cloud line on their left. At varying distances the great
peaks climbed far into the sky, their crests white with snow, and in
some cases the fleecy clouds wrapped them about so closely that it
was hard to tell where one ended and the other began.
Now and then a breath of icy air was wafted over the lads, and
they involuntarily shivered. Then in the soft hush the weather for a
time became oppressive. Up and down, to the right and left, in and
out, the three pushed onward, making better progress than at any
time for weeks before.
The guide gave the boys no attention, for none was necessary.
They understood matters, and the part they had to play was simple.
The Blackfoot could be seen now and then to check his horse and lift
the instrument to his eye. While he gave his chief attention to the
front, he did not neglect to scan every portion of his field of vision.
One fact puzzled the Blackfoot. Hours had passed since Black Elk
sent his signal across the miles of country, but the reply, so far as
Mul-tal-la could discover, was yet to be given. It could hardly be
done without his seeing it. The fact that nothing showed suggested
the possibility of there being no Shoshones in that section to answer
the command of their chief. Such might be the fact, but it was
unlikely that a veteran like Black Elk would call to any of his warriors
unless he knew they would respond. Mul-tal-la acted as if such a
contingency was out of the question.
 The sunlight was still in the air when the Blackfoot reined in his
horse and dropped from his back. They were in a rough, broken
section, filled with rocks, undergrowth, stunted pines, oaks and
other varieties of trees, while a small brook brawled and splashed
and tumbled some distance away in its eager hunt for a channel to
the Platte.
“It looks as if we are done for the day,” said George, noting the
action of their friend. “If we are, we have made better time than we
expected.”
The Blackfoot beckoned them to approach, and they rode up
beside him.
“Here we wait till night,” he explained. “When we turn yonder we
begin to travel over the trail that will bring us into the open country
on the other side of the mountains—if Black Elk does not say no,” he
added, with his meaning grin.
“You have seen nothing of the answer to his signal?” asked
George.
“No; the sky in front and over the mountains is clear”——
“How about that?” broke in Victor, pointing to the westward, in
which direction the pass extended.
The others turned and saw that which they had been hoping not
to see. A spiral, oscillating line of smoke was creeping slowly upward
in the clear air. Moreover, it was not more than half a mile distant.
Although the reply of the Shoshones to their chief had been delayed,
it had come at last. The warriors were on hand, and in the path
which the travelers had intended to follow.
The three scanned the telltale column of vapor in silence. In the
circumstances the glass could give no help. The interval was too
brief and the object itself too ethereal and vague to call for any
strengthening of vision. Finally George asked, involuntarily dropping
his voice, as one does in the presence of danger:
“Will that change your plans, Mul-tal-la?”
 He thought for a minute, with his eyes still on the smoke, before
answering.
“Mul-tal-la cannot speak of a surety, but he does not think so.”
As he explained matters from his point of view, the former course
that he had indicated remained the right one to follow. The
discovery simply added another element of danger to that which was
there from the first. By kindling the fire where they had halted, they
would give the impression that they had gone into camp for the
night. This subterfuge ought to lure the Shoshones to the place in
order to make their attack during the darkness.
The situation could not have been more delicate. To carry out the
plan of the Blackfoot it was necessary for him and his companions to
set out over the pass as soon as it became dark. They would thus be
going directly toward the hostiles, who, in case they did not wait
until a late hour, would be coming at the same time toward the
travelers. Using the one road, it would seem that an encounter was
inevitable.
The hope of averting such a meeting rested on the fact that the
pass was of varying width, and in many places two or three routes
were open. Two men following opposite directions might miss each
other by a half-mile interval, and without the possibility of mutual
discovery. Again there were stretches where they would have to
come face to face. A not important advantage of our friends was
that they would be expecting—and would, therefore, be on the
lookout for—the Shoshones, while it was not likely the latter would
be watching for the Blackfoot and the boys, who were supposed to
be at the entrance to the pass, where the smoke of their camp-fire
spoke of their presence.
A vigorous blaze having been started, Mul-tal-la took the lead as
before. It was understood that he was to hold his place considerably
farther in advance than usual. Upon the first sign of their enemies he
would warn them by signal, when they could conceal themselves, if
possible, until the hostiles passed down the trail to the supposed
camp. If this could be accomplished, the danger would be past and
the problem solved. Everything depended upon the skill of the
Blackfoot.
Night had begun closing in when the start was made in the order
named, excepting that Mul-tal-la, as has been stated, led by a longer
interval, and Victor Shelton was at the extreme rear. The guide was
invisible to the boys most of the time.
The trail steadily ascended, and for an hour or more was easy
traveling. It wound to the right or left, passing into deep hollows,
climbing steep ridges, circling obstructions in the form of massive
piles of rocks, but without interposing any difficult places where it
was necessary to halt or grope one’s way.
The little company had penetrated more than a mile in this
manner without hearing or seeing anything to cause alarm. Mul-tal-
la was beyond sight, but the boys, George leading, were silent,
listening and peering into the gloom, which, as yet, was unlighted by
the moon. That would not rise for some time to come.
Suddenly a soft tremulous whistle came from the front. This was
the signal agreed upon, and the brothers instantly halted. Zigzag
was so well trained that he did the same. It had been deemed best
to place him between Jack and Prince, so as to hem him in, as may
be said.
Fortunately the check came at a favorable point. The rocks and
undergrowth on the right offered a good place for hiding, and
George Shelton, slipping from his saddle, grasped the bridle rein of
his horse and forced him to one side. The animal stumbled, but a
few steps took him far enough. Leaving him, George dashed back to
Zigzag, and with harder work almost dragged him after Jack. Victor
was on the ground almost as soon as his brother, so that the boys
and three horses were speedily bunched together, beyond sight of
anyone passing over the trail unless his attention was drawn to
them.
 Quick as they had been the precaution was not a minute too soon.
Mul-tal-la must have failed to discover his peril until it was almost
upon him.
The first warning was a singular one. A sneeze sounded, followed
by a guttural exclamation, and the next moment the crouching lads
saw the dim outlines of a warrior striding stealthily over the pass to
the eastward. He was moving slowly, with head thrust forward, and
carried a long bow in his hand. Before he passed out of sight a
second loomed to view, then a third, a fourth and a fifth—all gliding
like so many phantoms of the night, and doubtless making for the
supposed camp of the travelers a mile or more away.
Stooping low and silently watching the shadows, the brothers
were beginning to breathe freely when, to their consternation,
Zigzag emitted a whinny which, in the stillness, could have been
heard half a mile away.
 CHAPTER XVIII

INDIAN CHIVALRY.

T HE Shoshones instantly stopped and one of them uttered an

exclamation. It was easy for them to tell the direction from
whence the unexpected sound had come, and all stood peering into
the gloom, bows tightly grasped and hands ready to draw their
arrows from the quivers and launch them at the instant demanded.
Victor was so incensed with Zigzag that he was tempted to send a
bullet through his brain, but restrained himself. He whispered to
George at his side:
“Don’t stir or speak, but be ready to shoot!”
His intention was to fire upon the Shoshones if they advanced
upon them. Such an advance undoubtedly would have been made,
for the hostiles could not have been aware of the real danger of it,
but it was prevented by the unexpected appearance of the Blackfoot,
who came hurrying down the pass on foot, and called to the
Shoshones in their own tongue. The strangers immediately turned
their attention to him, and the boys, from their covert, had the
singular spectacle presented of a single warrior in seemingly friendly
converse with five who were believed to be enemies.
“I don’t understand what he means,” whispered George; “do you?”
“Haven’t any idea, but it looks as if there’s going to be a fight. If it
comes, you take the one to the left and I’ll drop him on the right; we
mustn’t waste our bullets.”
 “That will leave Mul-tal-la with three to fight.”
“But won’t we take a hand? We must jump right into it. After we
have wiped them all out, I think I’ll knock Zigzag in the head—
confound him! He’s to blame for all this.”
“Don’t be hasty, Victor. If Mul-tal-la needs our help he’ll call to us;
he must know we are ready and won’t fail him.”
Meanwhile the Blackfoot was holding a talk with the five
Shoshones, who made up the entire party. It seemed strange that a
struggle did not open at once, but it may have been because the
hostiles were ignorant of the force hiding beside the trail and holding
them under their guns. An Indian, no more than a white man, likes
to engage in a contest with a foe whose strength is unknown.
Suddenly, to the amazement of George and Victor Shelton, Mul-
tal-la called to them:
“Let my brothers come forward; no harm shall be done them!”
“Well, that gets me!” muttered Victor. “I don’t know whether to
obey him or not.”
“It won’t do to refuse, but we’ll be ready.”
Leaving their animals behind, the two straightened up and picked
their way to the path, each firmly grasping his gun and resolute that
there should be no repetition of the performance earlier in the day.
The obscurity did not prevent the brothers gaining a good view of
the five warriors, who surveyed them with unconcealed interest as
they came into the trail and halted behind the Blackfoot and several
paces from the nearest Shoshone. The strangers resembled the
warriors who were the companions of Black Elk, the chief. Though
he could not be certain, George believed that one at least whom
they had met that morning was with the party before him.
Mul-tal-la now told a remarkable story—so remarkable, indeed,
that the boys could not credit it. These five Shoshones were the
ones to whom Black Elk had signaled by means of his camp-fire, and
to which they had replied later in the day. But the exchange of
messages was meant as a friendly interference in behalf of the
Blackfoot and his companions.
The chief had good reason to believe that a hunting party of Cas-
ta-ba-nas were in the mountains, and a meeting between them and
the travelers was almost certain. The Cas-ta-ba-nas were a small
tribe whose villages and hunting grounds were to the eastward of
the principal range of the Rockies. They were small in numbers, but
of warlike disposition, and were often engaged in hostilities with
others of their race. They were wise enough, however, not to molest
the Shoshones or Snakes, who were so much more numerous and
powerful that they would have exterminated the whole tribe had
provocation been given. It would not be far from the truth to say the
Cas-ta-ba-nas were vassals of the Shoshones.
It appeared to be the fate of the smaller tribe to become involved
to a greater degree with the whites than were others of their race.
This may have been because the most productive beaver-runs were
in their section of the West, and consequently more trappers were
drawn hither. There had been a fight the preceding winter between
three white men and a party of Cas-ta-ba-nas, in which two of the
latter were killed. This inflamed the anger of the tribe toward the
palefaces. What more likely, therefore, than that, when they came
upon a couple of the hated race under the escort of a single
Blackfoot, they should destroy all three?
Black Elk, therefore, as the extraordinary story ran, had signalled
to the Shoshones to warn the Cas-ta-ba-nas that they must not
molest the little party on their way through their country. If they
violated the command Black Elk would make sure that they suffered
therefor.
This was the story told to the boys, and which impressed them as
incredible.
“I don’t believe a word of it,” said Victor, who did not hesitate to
speak plainly, inasmuch as Mul-tal-la was the only Indian present
who could understand his words; “do you?”
“Mul-tal-la does not know; it may be true.”
“How could Black Elk tell all this to another party of Shoshones by
means of the smoke of his camp-fire?” asked George Shelton.
“He could not.”
“Then how did these people get his message?”
“This Shoshone,” replied the Blackfoot, indicating the warrior
whom the youth believed he had met before, “was with Black Elk.
He sent him to find these Shoshones with the word from the chief;
but it took him a long time to find them; that is why we did not see
the return to the signal till the day was near done.”
“What need was there of his finding the others? Couldn’t he have
given the message to the Cas-ta-ba-nas himself without asking
anyone to help him?”
“That he would have done had he not found his friends before
darkness came. It may be,” added Mul-tal-la significantly, “that the
Cas-ta-ba-nas are more afraid of five Shoshones than of a single
one.”
“It may all be as you say, Mul-tal-la, but Victor and I find it mighty
hard to believe it; but we’ll do as you wish. What’s the next step?”
“Let my brothers bring their horses to the path.”
George and Victor obeyed, and a few minutes later the three
emerged into the dim light. Victor used the occasion to give Zigzag a
spiteful kick as a reminder of his offense, but feared that the
plodding, contrary animal was not much benefited by the discipline.
While the lads were thus employed Mul-tal-la and the Shoshones
came to an understanding. The travelers were to resume their
journey through the mountains, the five friends—if such they really
were—maintaining the lead, with the Blackfoot riding next and his
companions in the order already named.
 “That suits me,” was the comment of Victor. “I never would have
those villains walking behind us; it would be too easy for one to
send an arrow through me when I wasn’t thinking. If they try any
trick now two or three of them are sure to go down. I wish I knew
whether or not they are lying.”
“We shall have to wait and find out.”
“And while we are doing that they may lead us into a trap. Ah! if
we only had Deerfoot with us! They wouldn’t fool him, though he
never saw a Shoshone unless he has met one since we left him.
Seems to me, George, it’s about time that young chap showed up.”
“I don’t think we need look for him for several days. You
remember he told us as much. He isn’t thinking of anyone now
except Whirlwind, and he won’t let that horse run the risk of falling
lame.”
“And when Deerfoot does turn up he’ll have the stallion trained so
well that he’ll know more than all our horses together, which isn’t
much. But we haven’t any time to think of them. Mul-tal-la is
nobody’s fool, and I don’t think he is likely to let this party outwit
him, but I’ll be glad when we are rid of them.”
“Suppose they stay with us till we meet the Cas-ta-ba-nas and
then join them in attacking us?”
“That’s the thing I’ve been thinking about. You see, though there
are five of the Shoshones now, they have no weapons except bows
and arrows. We have three guns and they have learned about them
from the white men they have fought. So what is more likely than
that they are afraid to put up a fight until they have help?”
“It wouldn’t surprise me if it is as you say. I haven’t heard how
many the Cas-ta-ba-nas are in this part of the country, but if they
don’t number more than the Shoshones the two parties will be too
many for us to handle.”
“We’ll make it interesting, anyway,” sturdily replied Victor.
 It was a strange procession that filed through the mountains, the
five Shoshones stalking forward in Indian file, with Mul-tal-la riding
close to the last, then George Shelton and his brother, with Zigzag
patiently plodding at the rear, it being deemed safe to leave him in
that position, since there was no call for extra precaution, and he
had little or no chance to disturb the arrangements.
By and by the moon appeared above the range and added to the
dim light that had thus far guided the two parties. The trail which
they were following proved easier of travel than at the beginning.
Twice they had to cross small streams, but the rushing water was no
more than a few inches deep and the footing of the animals was
secure. Then they wound along a precipice, reaching downward fully
a hundred feet, where the path was so narrow that there was scant
room for a single laden horse. Peering into the gloomy depth the
brothers felt a shrinking, for the slip of any one of their horses would
have brought woeful consequences. George and Victor drew a sigh
of relief when they reached a safer place.
Here the trail broadened for many yards, and traveling was all that
anyone could wish. The progress was deliberate and seemingly as
automatic as if regulated by machinery. The line of Shoshones did
not increase nor slacken its gait, even when treading the narrow
portion which caused the lads disquiet.
Unexpectedly in making a turn they came upon a camp-fire
burning some rods to the left of the trail and in an open space. The
first glance showed that fully a dozen warriors were grouped about
it, some lolling on the ground or on boulders, several standing up,
and most of them smoking long-stemmed pipes, which were made
from a peculiar red clay found in the vicinity. They had evidently
eaten their evening meal some time before.
“The Cas-ta-ba-nas!” exclaimed George, speaking over his
shoulder to his brother.
The Critical Moment.
 The Shoshones halted and spoke to Mul-tal-la, who dismounted
and talked with them for a few minutes. Then the Blackfoot
addressed the boys:
“Let my brothers wait till Mul-tal-la comes back to them.”
With that he turned off with the Shoshones, who headed straight
for the camp of the Cas-ta-ba-nas, the party straggling forward
without any regard to order. George and Victor remained seated on
their horses, watching the singular scene.
The glow of the fire, added to the moonlight, made everything
more or less visible. The arrival of the visitors naturally caused a stir.
The Cas-ta-ba-nas who were seated rose to their feet, and
immediately an earnest conversation began. Hosts and guests could
be seen gesticulating vigorously, and across the intervening space
came the odd sounds made by their peculiar manner of speaking.
Speculating and wondering, the boys watched and awaited the issue
of the curious incident. They looked for a sudden outbreak, though
hopeful it would be averted. If the Shoshones meant to play false,
their treachery would speedily appear. The conclusion could not be
delayed longer than a few minutes.
While the brothers were intently studying the picture the Blackfoot
was seen to withdraw from the group and walk hurriedly back to
where he had left his friends. Shoshones and Cas-ta-ba-nas stayed
where they were, but gazed after him and at the forms of the boys
and horses not far off.
“We shall now know what’s up,” said George Shelton.
“Whatever it is, the decision has been made.”
Mul-tal-la came up, cool and collected, but clearly agitated.
“It is as my brothers hoped,” were his words. “Black Elk did as his
warriors said; the Cas-ta-ba-nas have been told that he will slay
anyone of them that dares hurt Mul-tal-la or the palefaces with him.
They dare not disobey the words of the great Black Elk. No harm
shall come from them to us. Let us go on.”
 And so it proved that chivalry is not dead even among the
American Indians.
 CHAPTER XIX

A CALAMITY.

I T seemed too good to be true, and yet all doubt vanished with the
words spoken by the Blackfoot.
“I can’t say I liked the way Black Elk acted when we first met,”
said Victor, “but he has proved himself more of a man than I
supposed. I hope now he won’t punish Young Elk for running away
from me.”
“Why not?”
“Because I gave him enough. Anyway, whatever the father did to
his boys has been already done, so we needn’t worry over it.”
“Mul-tal-la,” said George, “you haven’t any doubts left?”
“It is wrong to doubt; the words of Black Elk were true; he spoke
with a single tongue. My brothers need not fear.”
“Why don’t those Shoshones of his come back and see us through
the mountains? It strikes me that that is the right thing to do.”
“No; they will stay with the Cas-ta-ba-nas and hold them back if
they try to do us harm. They will be with them till we are far away;
then they can go back to Black Elk and tell him that all has been
done as he ordered.”
“It is better than I thought,” said the pleased George. “I don’t
suppose we are likely to run against any more of those people; if we
do, we can fall back on these reserves.”
 The Blackfoot silently led the journey for an hour longer. No one
observing the surety of his movements would have thought he had
been over the route but once before. Everything appeared to be as
familiar as if he had spent his life in the mountains. The trail
continued to ascend and soon became harder to travel. Several
times it looked to the boys as if they would be checked and turned
back, but their guide always found a course that permitted the
passage of their horses’ feet.
“This is well enough,” finally remarked Victor, “but I don’t see the
need of it. We did a good deal of traveling to-day, and if those
Indians to the rear are friendly what’s the use of hurrying to get
away from them?”
“I don’t think Mul-tal-la means to travel much farther.”
Even as George spoke the Blackfoot halted. He had been pushing
on in order to reach the most favorable spot for camping. It was
found near the base of a mass of black frowning rocks, from
beneath which bubbled a tiny stream of ice-cold water. This formed
a deep pool close to the rocks, and then dripped away in the gloom
of the boulders, trees and undergrowth. The place was sheltered
against the arctic winds which sometimes rage at this altitude, and
indeed was so attractive that while our friends were gathering fuel
and preparing for camp, they saw it had been used more than once
for the same purpose by other hunting parties in the neighborhood.
Hardly had the animals been relieved of saddles, bridles and the
pack, and the fire started, when the three were given a taste of the
variable climate of that section. Although summer had fully come,
the wind moaned and howled through the trees at the summit of the
rocks and on their right and left. Suddenly Victor called out:
“It’s snowing!”
In a twinkling, as it were, the air was filled with blinding flakes,
which eddied and whirled about the three and covered their bodies
with its white mantle. The horses found protection by huddling close
to the pile of stone, though the temperature was not very low.
 The flurry passed almost as quickly as it arose. In a few minutes
the air was as clear as before, and the moon shone from an
unclouded sky. The friends gathered about the fire, which was soon
burning vigorously.
It was the turn of George Shelton to go on guard for the first part
of the night, changing places with his brother at the usual hour.
Since this duty had to be divided among three persons, the Blackfoot
would do his share in the early half of the following evening,
alternating with George, while Victor would be given rest. This plan
was kept up when Deerfoot was absent, so the division of the work
was as equitable as it could be. When the party included four people
the arrangement was simpler.
The action of Mul-tal-la removed any lingering misgiving the boys
may have felt. Had the Blackfoot been distrustful of the honor of
Black Elk, the Shoshone chieftain, he himself would have acted as
sentinel for the first portion and probably throughout all the
darkness; but, while the night was still young, he wrapped himself in
his blanket and stretched out to sleep, Victor Shelton speedily doing
the same.
Left to himself, George Shelton entered upon his task in his usual
deliberate manner. The fire was replenished from the wood that had
been gathered, and with his gun resting on his shoulder he marked
out a beat over which he slowly tramped to and fro. At the middle of
the course he moved in front of the fire, so that any foe lingering
near could have seen him clearly, and, had he been so disposed,
picked off the youth without risk to himself.
George at first felt a natural shrinking when he knew his form was
shown in relief against the yellow background, but after the pacing
had been kept up for an hour or so without molestation this feeling
passed off, and his thoughts became tranquil. He often peered into
the gloom which walled him in on every hand, pausing and listening,
but hearing nothing unusual. His expectation was that some
prowling beast would be attracted by the light of the camp-fire, but
it was the summer time, when they were not likely to be pressed for
food, and nothing in the nature of an attack was to be feared from
wolves, bears or any species of forest creatures.
The youth looked up at the sky, which was clear and cold. The
moon gave only slight illumination, and now and then he traced
many of the constellations, as he and his brother had often done
when at home or when on the trail in the leafy solitudes. He gazed
at the Pleiades, which to him and Victor were always the Seven
Stars, and again noted the peculiarity of that beautiful group with
which I am sure you are familiar. When you look at the stars fixedly
and try to count, you can see but six, but glancing abruptly at them
the seven are visible. He recalled the fancy that one of the cluster
was so modest that when stared at it shrinks from sight, to steal into
view again after the scrutiny is removed. It seemed to George that
he never looked at the heavens on a starry night without his eyes
immediately resting upon the Dipper, as he and his friends called a
portion of the constellation of Ursa Major. Then, too, he traced the
Little Dipper, located Orion and the North Star, and in the loneliness
of the hour mused upon the One who had launched all these
stupendous orbs into space and set them spinning over their mighty
orbits, as they shall spin until time shall be no more.
Who can look at the worlds circling through the dome of heaven
without being profoundly awed by his own insignificance and the
infinite greatness of the Author of all these marvels? How little and
mean seem the affairs of this life when we are brought into such
intimate communion with the wonders that are beyond the grasp of
the greatest intellect!
But the hours wore on and George was still tramping to and fro
when he saw Victor sit up, fling aside his blanket and rise to his feet.
Impressed before falling asleep with the duty that awaited him, he
awoke at the right minute without external help. The two exchanged
places after a few words, during which George made known that he
had not seen or heard anything to cause alarm.
The experience of Victor was quite similar to that of his brother,
and when the gray light of the morning began stealing through the
mountains the slumber of the Blackfoot had continued unbroken. He
showed no surprise over the report of the boys. Upon leaving the
camp of the Cas-ta-ba-nas the night before it was with a feeling of
certainty that Black Elk had carried out his promise in spirit and
letter.
While the boys bathed faces and hands in the crystalline pool, the
Blackfoot strolled off, bow and arrow in hand, in search of breakfast.
Wild turkeys were so plentiful in the mountains that he soon came
back with a big, plump bird, from which they made their usual
excellent breakfast. He told the boys that the meal must suffice until
night, for he did not mean to halt any longer than necessary to rest
the horses. Two meals a day are enough for anybody, and it is slight
hardship for a hunter or traveler to get on with a single repast.
Soon after the journey was resumed the trail began to descend,
but shortly rose again, though not to the same extent. The air was
clear and sunshiny, and before noon, despite their elevation, which
was not great, the heat became uncomfortable. To relieve the
animals and for the sake of the exercise all needed, the three walked
most of the time, Mul-tal-la keeping his place at the head, while the
brothers trailed at the rear.
It was slightly past noon when they paused to rest their animals.
The spot was in a valley-like depression, through which wound a
stream of clear, cold water. A little to the right of the trail this
expanded into a pool or pond several rods across and fifteen or
twenty feet deep. The water, however, was so transparent that the
stones and pebbles could be plainly seen in the deepest portion.
The temptation was too great to be resisted. Victor’s eyes
sparkled.
“George, we must have a swim! I never saw a finer place. Who’ll
be first in?”
The Blackfoot, like most of his race, was much less fond of water
than the Caucasian. Mul-tal-la smiled at the ardor of his young
friends, and remarked that he would stroll down the trail to refresh
his memory as to the route. Then he passed out of sight, and the
boys were left to themselves.
“This is a good chance to do our weekly washing,” said George, as
they began disrobing; “it’s time we attended to that.”
It was the practice of the boys and Deerfoot to look after that
indispensable work at regular intervals, for they had not the excuse
of the lack of opportunity, since rarely were they out of sight of
water. So the brothers brought their underclothing from the pack of
Zigzag and laid it on the bank to don when their swim was over.
Then they cleansed that which they had taken off, as well as they
could without the help of soap. I am afraid they hurried through with
the task, for in a very brief time they were frolicking in the icy water
and enjoying themselves as nobody in the world can enjoy himself
unless he is a rugged youngster, overflowing with health and animal
spirits.
They dived and swam; they splashed and tried to duck each
other; their happy laughter rang out, and it seemed to them as if
they could do nothing finer than spend the remainder of the day in
the pool. If the first contact with the icy element gave them a shock,
it also imparted an electric thrill which tingled from the crown of the
head to the end of the toes, and made them shout and cry out in
the wanton ecstasy of enjoyment.
But in due time they felt they had had enough and the moment
had come to don their clothing again, leaving that which had been
washed spread out and drying in the sunlight. They reluctantly
emerged from the pool and gingerly picked their way over the
pebbles.
Victor was a few paces in advance. His brother was in the act of
leaving the water when Victor uttered an exclamation:
“Great Cæsar, George! Somebody has stolen our clothes!”
 CHAPTER XX

OLD FRIENDS.

“I T can’t be,” gasped the mystified George; “you’re mistaken.”

“Come and see for yourself; where did you leave your
clothes?”
“Over there on top of that boulder,” replied George, coming
forward and staring at the object named.
“Well, do you see them now?”
“Maybe the wind blew them off,” weakly suggested the other,
although he knew such a thing was impossible, for there had not
been a breath of air stirring for hours.
The two made careful search. Not a stitch of their garments was
to be seen.
“And the thieves have taken those we spread out to dry. Aren’t we
in a pretty fix? We’ll have to travel naked until we can kill a bear or
two and rob them of their hides.”
“Who was the thief?” was the superfluous query of George,
staring here and there in quest of the wretch who had done this
“low down” thing. “You don’t suppose it was Mul-tal-la?”
“No; how could it be? What would he want of our clothes? We saw
him go down the trail; I don’t believe he is within a mile of us.”
“Maybe Black Elk and his warriors have been following and waiting
for a chance of this kind.”
 Victor shook his head. The thought was preposterous.
“He couldn’t have known there would be any such chance, and if
he wanted to do us harm he would have done it long ago. B-r-r-r-r!
I’m cold!” muttered the lad with a shiver.
The matter was becoming serious, for if their clothing was gone
they were in a woeful plight indeed. You will bear in mind that coats,
trousers, caps, stockings, shoes—everything had disappeared. The
theft included the underclothing that had been removed and
cleansed by the boys, as well as the extra suits taken from the pack
carried by Zigzag. Since these made up the only two undersuits
owned by the brothers, you will admit that their situation could not
have been more cheerless.
A curious fact was that their guns had not been disturbed, though
both were left leaning against the boulder on which the clothing was
laid, and must therefore have been seen by the rogue.
“We’ll have to go into the water to get warm again,” said Victor,
with folded arms, bent form and rattling teeth. “I don’t see that we
can do anything but wait till Mul-tal-la comes back.”
“What can he do?”
“If he can’t find our clothes he can go out and rob some bears or
other wild animals of theirs, and let us have ’em”——
George Shelton caught a flying glimpse of a tightly rolled bundle
of clothing which at that instant shot through the air and, striking
Victor in the back of the neck, sent him sprawling on his hands and
knees. George turned to see the point whence came the pack, and
at the same instant a similar one landed full in his face and knocked
him backward. But he had caught sight of Deerfoot, the Shawanoe,
who rose from the farther side of an adjoining boulder, and both
heard his chuckle, for he could not resist the temptation of having a
little fun at the expense of the brothers.
“We might have known it was you,” exclaimed Victor, clambering
to his feet and proceeding to untie the knots in his shirt and
drawers, and finding it no slight task.
“We won’t forget this,” added George, warningly; “you think you
are very smart, but we’ll catch you some time when you are not
watching.”
Deerfoot was shaking with merriment, and as he came forward he
said:
“My brothers need not wear bare-skins as they feared they would
have to do.”
(This is the only pun of which we have any record that was ever
made by Deerfoot.)
The shivering lads began donning their clothing, and then shook
hands with their friend. The meeting was a happy one. The
Shawanoe was as glad to see them as they were to meet him, whom
they had missed more than they had ever supposed could be
possible. He told them he had nursed Whirlwind until his lameness
was gone, when he set out at a leisurely pace to overtake his
friends. On the way he fell in with Black Elk, the Shoshone chief, and
spent several hours in his company. Though it was not easy for the
two to understand each other, they managed to do so through the
universal sign language to the extent that the Shawanoe learned
that the chieftain had acted the part of a friend to the Blackfoot and
the boys when they were in danger from a roving band of Cas-ta-ba-
nas. So, knowing all was well, Deerfoot had not hurried to overtake
the party in advance.
“Where’s Whirlwind?” asked Victor, while hastily dressing himself.
“He is modest,” replied Deerfoot. “When my brothers are clad to
receive company he will come forward to greet them.”
“Seems to me you’re getting mighty particular, Deerfoot.”
It took the boys but a short time to dress, when, after hopping
about for a minute or two, to restore their numbed circulation, they
became comfortable. Being satisfied with an inspection, Deerfoot
emitted a sharp whistle. It was immediately answered by a neigh,
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