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 THE MERRY WIVES OF
WINDSOR

WEBSTER'S KOREAN THESAURUS

EDITION
for ESL, EFL, ELP, TOEFL®, TOEIC®, and AP® Test Preparation

William Shakespeare

TOEFL, TOEIC, AP and Advanced Placement are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has
neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved.
 The Merry Wives of
Windsor
Webster's Korean
Thesaurus Edition
for ESL, EFL, ELP, TOEFL®, TOEIC®, and AP® Test
Preparation

William Shakespeare

TOEFL®, TOEIC®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which
has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved.
ii

ICON CLASSICS

Published by ICON Group International, Inc.

7404 Trade Street
San Diego, CA 92121 USA

www.icongrouponline.com

The Merry Wives of Windsor: Webster's Korean Thesaurus Edition for ESL, EFL, ELP, TOEFL®,
TOEIC®, and AP® Test Preparation

This edition published by ICON Classics in 2005

Printed in the United States of America.

Copyright ©2005 by ICON Group International, Inc.

Edited by Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. (INSEAD); Copyright ©2005, all rights reserved.

All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher.

Copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws
and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please
contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants
permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and
academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group
International, Inc.

TOEFL®, TOEIC®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are trademarks of the Educational Testing
Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved.

ISBN 0-497-90050-5
 iii

Contents
PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR ........................................................................................ 1
PERSONS REPRESENTED .............................................................................................. 2
ACT I .............................................................................................................................. 3
ACT II ........................................................................................................................... 29
ACT III .......................................................................................................................... 54
ACT IV .......................................................................................................................... 85
ACT V ......................................................................................................................... 112
GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................. 127
 William Shakespeare 1

PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR

Webster’s paperbacks take advantage of the fact that classics are frequently assigned readings in
English courses. By using a running English-to-Korean thesaurus at the bottom of each page, this
edition of The Merry Wives of Windsor by William Shakespeare was edited for three audiences.
The first includes Korean-speaking students enrolled in an English Language Program (ELP), an
English as a Foreign Language (EFL) program, an English as a Second Language Program (ESL),
or in a TOEFL® or TOEIC® preparation program. The second audience includes English-speaking
students enrolled in bilingual education programs or Korean speakers enrolled in English speaking
schools. The third audience consists of students who are actively building their vocabularies in
Korean in order to take foreign service, translation certification, Advanced Placement® (AP®)1 or
similar examinations. By using the Webster's Korean Thesaurus Edition when assigned for an
English course, the reader can enrich their vocabulary in anticipation of an examination in Korean
or English.

Webster’s edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of
difficult and potentially ambiguous English words. Rare or idiosyncratic words and expressions are
given lower priority compared to “difficult, yet commonly used” words. Rather than supply a single
translation, many words are translated for a variety of meanings in Korean, allowing readers to
better grasp the ambiguity of English, and avoid them using the notes as a pure translation crutch.
Having the reader decipher a word’s meaning within context serves to improve vocabulary
retention and understanding. Each page covers words not already highlighted on previous pages. If
a difficult word is not translated on a page, chances are that it has been translated on a previous
page. A more complete glossary of translations is supplied at the end of the book; translations are
extracted from Webster’s Online Dictionary.

Definitions of remaining terms as well as translations can be found at www.websters-online-

dictionary.org. Please send suggestions to [email protected]

The Editor
Webster’s Online Dictionary
www.websters-online-dictionary.org

1
TOEFL®, TOEIC®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which
has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved.
2 The Merry Wives of Windsor

PERSONS %REPRESENTED

SIR JOHN FALSTAFF

FENTON, a young gentleman
SHALLOW, a country justice
SLENDER, cousin to Shallow
FORD, Gentleman dwelling at Windsor
PAGE, Gentleman dwelling at Windsor
WILLIAM PAGE, a boy, son to Page
SIR HUGH EVANS, a Welsh parson
DOCTOR CAIUS, a French physician
HOST of the Garter Inn
BARDOLPH,
PISTOL,
NYM,
} followers of Falstaff

ROBIN, page to Falstaff

SIMPLE, servant to Slender
RUGBY, servant to Doctor Caius
MISTRESS FORD
MISTRESS PAGE
MISTRESS ANNE PAGE, her daughter, in love with Fenton
MISTRESS QUICKLY, servant to Doctor Caius
SERVANTS to Page, Ford, etc.

Korean
boy: 소년, 남학생, 녀석, 보이, 급사, 동성애의 남성. 사건, 시기, 기록, 페이지를 넘기다,
사내아이, 남자, 젊은이, 애인, 아들, dwelling: 주거, 주소, 거처. 일생의 일화, 쪽을 넘기다, 제복을
사환. etc: 따위, 기타, 등, 등등. 입은 사환, 일화.
cousin: 사촌, 같은 계통의 것, 친척, gentleman: 남자분, 신사, 모험가, parson: 교구 목사, 목사관, 검은 동물.
경, 친한 친구, 봉, 사촌간, 얼간이, 종복, 협잡꾼, 지체높은사람, 수입이 physician: 의사, 내과 의사.
일가, 종자, 종형. 있지만 직업이 없는남자, 남자용 servant: 하인, 봉사자, 고용인, 머슴,
daughter: 딸, 딸로서의, 여자, 변소, 남자, 유한계급, 그 남자. 부하, 공무원, 종업원, 하인의.
동성애의 남성유혹되어 동성애의 justice: 재판관, 정의, 정당, 재판, son: 아들, 자손, 젊은이, 병신 같은 놈,
세계로 빠진 남자, 딸된 신분, 딸들, 공정, 적법, 당연한 응보, 법의 시행, 치사한 놈, 양자, 사위, 계승자, 예수,
방사성 붕괴로 생긴, 처녀 시절, 제 타당, 공평, 사법. 자제, 나라사람.
일세의 소산의, 제1세의 소산의, page: 페이지, 문서, 한 페이지의 조판,
 William Shakespeare 3

ACT I

SCENE 1. WINDSOR. BEFORE PAGE'S HOUSE.%

[Enter JUSTICE SHALLOW, SLENDER, and SIR HUGH EVANS.]

SHALLOW.
Sir Hugh, persuade me not; I will make a Star Chamber matter of it; if he
were twenty Sir John Falstaffs, he shall not abuse Robert Shallow, esquire.
SLENDER.
In the county of Gloucester, Justice of Peace, and 'coram.'
SHALLOW.
Ay, cousin Slender, and 'cust-alorum.'
SLENDER.
Ay, and 'rato-lorum' too; and a gentleman born, Master Parson, who writes
himself 'armigero' in any bill, warrant, quittance, or obligation--'armigero.'
SHALLOW.
Ay, that I do; and have done any time these three hundred years.
SLENDER.
All his successors, gone before him, hath done't; and all his ancestors, that
come after him, may: they may give the dozen white luces in their coat.

Korean
abuse: 남용, 학대, 남용하다, 주의 부호. hundred: 백, 다수, 많은, 많이, 굵은
학대하다, 악습, 악용하다, 욕하다, dozen: 다스. 설탕, 무수, 백의, 백달러, 백사람,
욕, 악용, 욕하다.악용, 페해. esquire: 귀하, 님, 향사, 치안 판사, 백의 기호, 백야드 경주.
bill: 목록, 계산서, 부리, 부리를 씨님, 시골의 대지주에 대한 칭호, persuade: 납득시키다, 주장하다,
맞대다, 갈고리 창, 청구서를 보내다, 숙녀를 에스코트하는 사람, 시골의 설복하다, 설득하다.
환어음, 의안-광고하다, 예고하다, 대지주, 기사의 종자. quittance: 면제, 보답, 영수, 보상.
부리-부리를 맞는다, 소장을 만들다. gone: 지나간, 가망 없는, 깊이 들어간, twenty: 스물.
born: 타고난, 태어난, 으로 태어난. 영락한, 일류의, 훌륭한, 희미한, warrant: 영장, 정당화하다, 정당한
coat: 칠하다, 외피, 상의, 입히다, 씌운 임신한, 과녁을 빗나간, 틀린, 흘딱 이유, 보증하다, 보증, 권능, 근거,
것, 가죽, 스커트, 덮개, 코트, 칠, 층. 반한. 단언하다, 준사관 사령, 권한을
county: 주, 군, 군민, 주민, 주의 명문, hath: 직설법, 현재. 부여하다, 준위.
4 The Merry Wives of Windsor

SHALLOW.
It is an old coat.%
EVANS.
The dozen white louses do become an old coat well; it agrees well, passant; it
is a familiar beast to man, and signifies love.
SHALLOW.
The luce is the fresh fish; the salt fish is an old coat.
SLENDER.
I may quarter, coz?
SHALLOW.
You may, by marrying.
EVANS.
It is marring indeed, if he quarter it.
SHALLOW.
Not a whit.
EVANS.
Yes, py'r lady! If he has a quarter of your coat, there is but three skirts for
yourself, in my simple conjectures; but that is all one. If Sir John Falstaff have
committed disparagements unto you, I am of the church, and will be glad to
do my benevolence to make atonements and compremises between you.
SHALLOW.
The Council shall hear it; it is a riot.
EVANS.
It is not meet the Council hear a riot; there is no fear of Got in a riot; the
Council, look you, shall desire to hear the fear of Got, and not to hear a riot;
take your vizaments in that.
SHALLOW.
Ha! o' my life, if I were young again, the sword should end it.

Korean
beast: 짐승, 가축, 짐승 같은 놈, 식용 욕구-바라는 것, 바라다-소원, 자세의.
소, 동물, 짐승 같은 사람, 축생, 바라는 것, 소원, 바람, 욕망, 희망. riot: 폭동, 폭동을 일으키다, 소동,
네발짐승. familiar: 친한, 흔한, 길들여진, 방종, 야단법석, 아주 유쾌한 사람,
benevolence: 자선, 자비심, 인정, 부담없는, 뻔뻔스러운, 스스럼없는, 방탕, 난봉, 방탕생활을 하다, 떠들다,
덕행, 덕세. 탁터놓은, 잘 알고있는, 잘 대성공.
committed: 언질을 주어, 헌신적인, 알려져있는, 잘알고있는, salt: 소금, 소금에 절인, 식염, 식탁용
전렴하는, 꼼짝못할 입장이 되어, 잘알려져있는. 소금 그릇, 풍자, 기지, 자극, 흥미,
명확한 태도를 가진, 약속하여, glad: 기쁜, 유쾌한, 기쁜 듯한, 염, 의 손님이 되다, 뱃사람.
전념하는. 글라디올러스, 기뻐서. sword: 검, 무력, 전쟁, 칼, 총검.
coz: 사촌. luce: 창꼬치. unto: 까지, 에, 에게로.
desire: 원하다, 정욕, 욕구, 바라다, passant: 오른쪽 앞발을 들고 있는 whit: 조금, 미소, 성령 강림 대축일.
 William Shakespeare 5

EVANS.
It is petter that friends is the sword and end it; and there is also another
device in my prain, which peradventure prings goot discretions with it.
There is Anne Page, which is daughter to Master George Page, which is
pretty virginity.%
SLENDER.
Mistress Anne Page? She has brown hair, and speaks small like a woman.
EVANS.
It is that fery person for all the orld, as just as you will desire; and seven
hundred pounds of moneys, and gold, and silver, is her grandsire upon his
death's-bed--Got deliver to a joyful resurrections!--give, when she is able to
overtake seventeen years old. It were a goot motion if we leave our pribbles
and prabbles, and desire a marriage between Master Abraham and Mistress
Anne Page.
SHALLOW.
Did her grandsire leave her seven hundred pound?
EVANS.
Ay, and her father is make her a petter penny.
SHALLOW.
I know the young gentlewoman; she has good gifts.
EVANS.
Seven hundred pounds, and possibilities, is goot gifts.
SHALLOW.
Well, let us see honest Master Page. Is Falstaff there?
EVANS.
Shall I tell you a lie? I do despise a liar as I do despise one that is false; or as I
despise one that is not true. The knight Sir John is there; and, I beseech you,
be ruled by your well-willers. I will peat the door for Master Page. [Knocks.]
What, hoa! Got pless your house here!

Korean
beseech: 간청하다, 탄원하다, 따위의 회원, 용사, 사상에 따위가 엄습해오다.
간원하다, 원하다, 청하다. 헌신적으로 일하는 용사. peat: 토탄, 토탄 같은, 토탄이 많은,
despise: 경멸하다. liar: 거짓말쟁이. 여자, 이탄의, 이탄.
gentlewoman: 숙녀, 귀부인, 귀부인의 moneys: 금전, 화폐, 금액, 교환의 penny: 페니, 영국의 청동화, 티끌
시녀, 여성 의원, 상류 부인. 매개물. 모아 태산, 잔돈, 고대 로마의 은화,
grandsire: 조부. overtake: 갑자기 덮쳐오다, 에 뒤따라 금전, 퍼센트.
joyful: 즐거운, 유쾌한, 기쁜. 미치다, 만회하다, 뒤떨어진 일 peradventure: 의문, 의심, 우연, 아마,
knight: 나이트, 기사, 나이트작의 따위를 만회하다, 상회하다, 을 우연히.
사람, 나이트작을 주다, 중세의 기사, 뒤따라 잡다, 재난 따위가 seventeen: 열일곱 명, 십칠의 기호,
회원, 주의에 헌신적으로 일하는 엄습해오다, 차가 추월을 하다, 십칠의, 열일곱 개, 십칠세의, 십칠세,
용사, 자선 단체 따위의 회원, 우애 추월을 하다, 추월하다, 폭풍우 십칠.
6 The Merry Wives of Windsor

PAGE.
[Within.]
Who's there?
EVANS.
Here is Got's plessing, and your friend, and Justice Shallow; and here young
Master Slender, that peradventures shall tell you another tale, if matters grow
to your likings.%
[Enter PAGE.]
PAGE.
I am glad to see your worships well. I thank you for my venison, Master
Shallow.
SHALLOW.
Master Page, I am glad to see you; much good do it your good heart! I wished
your venison better; it was ill killed. How doth good Mistress Page?--and I
thank you always with my heart, la! with my heart.
PAGE.
Sir, I thank you.
SHALLOW.
Sir, I thank you; by yea and no, I do.
PAGE.
I am glad to see you, good Master Slender.
SLENDER.
How does your fallow greyhound, sir? I heard say he was outrun on Cotsall.
PAGE.
It could not be judged, sir.
SLENDER.
You'll not confess, you'll not confess.
SHALLOW.
That he will not: 'tis your fault; 'tis your fault. 'Tis a good dog.

Korean
confess: 자인하다, 자백하다, 고해를 쌓지 않은. 앞지르다, 도가 지나치다, 달리어
듣다, 고해하다, 참회하다, 고백하다, fault: 과실, 결점, 책임, 단층, 테니스 앞지르다, 달아나다, 의 한계를 넘다,
자공하다, 공언하다. 폴트, 단점, 실수, 흠, 냄새 자취를 의 한도를 넘다, 달려서 앞서다.
dog: 수컷, 개, 수캐, 겉꾸밈, 과시, 잃음, 잘못. tale: 이야기, 총수, 거짓말, 험담, 전체,
망나니, 허세, 쓸모없는 인간, 큰 greyhound: 그레이하운드. 수, 소문, 비밀을 퍼뜨리다, 고자질,
개자리, 발, 바다표범. ill: 서투른, 병든, 나쁜, 나쁘게, 불행, 계산, 객담.
doth: 현재형, 직설법. 악, 불친절하게, 불친절한, 고난, venison: 사슴 고기.
fallow: 유휴하다, 담황색의, 묵히고 병고, 형편이 나쁜. yea: 그렇다, 실로, 참으로, 그렇지,
있는, 유휴, 연한 황갈색의, 놀리다, la: 라. 긍정, 예, 터무니 없이 높은, 찬성,
경작하지 않은, 연한 회갈색의, outrun: 달려서 이기다, 보다 빨리 터무니 없이 큰, 손을 펼쳐 보이면서
갈아만 놓고 놀리다, 휴경지, 수양을 달리다, 을 앞지르다, 보다 빨리 달려 이렇게 높은, 네.
 William Shakespeare 7

PAGE.
A cur, sir.%
SHALLOW.
Sir, he's a good dog, and a fair dog; can there be more said? he is good, and
fair. Is Sir John Falstaff here?
PAGE.
Sir, he is within; and I would I could do a good office between you.
EVANS.
It is spoke as a Christians ought to speak.
SHALLOW.
He hath wronged me, Master Page.
PAGE.
Sir, he doth in some sort confess it.
SHALLOW.
If it be confessed, it is not redressed: is not that so, Master Page? He hath
wronged me; indeed he hath;--at a word, he hath, --believe me; Robert
Shallow, esquire, saith he is wronged.
PAGE.
Here comes Sir John.
[Enter SIR JOHN FALSTAFF, BARDOLPH, NYM, and PISTOL.]
FALSTAFF.
Now, Master Shallow, you'll complain of me to the King?
SHALLOW.
Knight, you have beaten my men, killed my deer, and broke open my lodge.
FALSTAFF.
But not kiss'd your keeper's daughter?
SHALLOW.
Tut, a pin! this shall be answered.

Korean
beaten: 밟아 다져진, 두들겨 편, 인정받은, 자인한. ought: 영, 하기로 되어있다, 해야만
두들겨 맞은, 진, 세게 휘저은, cur: 망종, 똥개, 들개, 쌍놈, 겁쟁이, 한다, 하기로 되어 있다, 빚이 있다,
패배당한, 완전히 지친, 얻어 맞은, 불량배. 하여야 한다, 지고 있다, 의무를 지고
두들겨 늘인, 밟아 다진. deer: 사슴. 있다, 을 지불할 의무가 있다, 을
broke: 무일푼의, 파산하여. fair: 깨끗한, 아름다운, 순조로운, 갠, 반제할 의무가 있다, 일 것이다.
complain: 호소하다, 고소하다, 정중한, 금발의, 여성, 장애물이 없는, pin: 다리, 핀, 못, 병모양의 표주,
불평하다, 슬픈 소리를 내다, 유망한, 품평회, 철저한. 밧줄을 비끄러매는 말뚝, 볼링핀,
하소연하다, 투덜거리다, 불평을하다, lodge: 맡기다, 묵다, 하숙인, 장식 핀, 줄조르개, 못바늘, 노받이,
불만을 털어놓다, 신음하다, 앓다, 오두막집, 쓰러지다, 지부, 수위실, 하찮은 것-핀을 꽂다.
푸념하다. 투숙케 하다, 파수막, 해리따위의 굴,
confessed: 정평있는, 명백한, 인정된, 동거인.
8 The Merry Wives of Windsor

FALSTAFF.
I will answer it straight: I have done all this. That is now answered.%
SHALLOW.
The Council shall know this.
FALSTAFF.
'Twere better for you if it were known in counsel: you'll be laughed at.
EVANS.
Pauca verba, Sir John; goot worts.
FALSTAFF.
Good worts! good cabbage! Slender, I broke your head; what matter have
you against me?
SLENDER.
Marry, sir, I have matter in my head against you; and against your cony-
catching rascals, Bardolph, Nym, and Pistol. They carried me to the tavern,
and made me drunk, and afterwards picked my pocket.
BARDOLPH.
You Banbury cheese!
SLENDER.
Ay, it is no matter.
PISTOL.
How now, Mephostophilus!
SLENDER.
Ay, it is no matter.
NYM.
Slice, I say! pauca, pauca; slice! That's my humour.
SLENDER.
Where's Simple, my man? Can you tell, cousin?
EVANS.
Peace, I pray you. Now let us understand. There is three umpires in this

Korean
cabbage: 양배추, 훔치다, 자투리 천, drunk: 주정뱅이, 술취한, 취한, 기원하여 이루어지게 하다, 기도하다,
무기력한 사람, 지폐, 재단할 때 떼어 술주정뱅이, 술좌석, 도취된. 기도하다-바라다, 바라다, 에게
먹은 천, 후부리다, 후무리다, 캐비지, humour: 기분, 해학, 유우머, 익살, 액, 기원하다, 에게 간청하다.
양배추 처럼 결구하다, 결구하다. 변덕 비위를 맞추다, 기질, 잘 다루다, slender: 가느다란, 마른, 얼마 안
cheese: 치즈, 일류품, 매력적인 젊은 만족시키다. 되는, 빈약한, 미덥지 못한, 미덥지
여자, 안성맞춤의 것, 치즈 비슷한 것, pocket: 착복하다, 주머니, 돈, 자력, 않은, 협음의, 모자라는, 호리호리한.
보스, 중요인물, 그만둬, 그만두다, 우묵한 땅, 에어포켓, 억누르다, 고립 slice: 얇게 베다, 부분, 베어낸 한
튀어라, 조심해. 지역-포켓에 넣다, 둘러싸고 조각, 한점, 나누다, 얇게 저미는
counsel: 상담, 협의, 계획, 충고, 방해하다, 당구대 네 모서리의 포켓, 식칼, 몫, 곡구, 곡구로 치다, 곡구로,
조언하다, 변호사, 결심, 법률고문, 굴. 가르듯이 달리다.
사려, 조언, 평의. pray: 빌다, 제발, 기원하다, 간원하다, tavern: 선술집, 여인숙.
 William Shakespeare 9

matter, as I understand: that is--Master Page, fidelicet Master Page; and there
is myself, fidelicet myself; and the three party is, lastly and finally, mine host
of the Garter.%
PAGE.
We three to hear it and end it between them.
EVANS.
Fery goot: I will make a prief of it in my note-book; and we will afterwards
ork upon the cause with as great discreetly as we can.
FALSTAFF.
Pistol!
PISTOL.
He hears with ears.
EVANS.
The tevil and his tam! what phrase is this, 'He hears with ear'? Why, it is
affectations.
FALSTAFF.
Pistol, did you pick Master Slender's purse?
SLENDER.
Ay, by these gloves, did he--or I would I might never come in mine own great
chamber again else!--of seven groats in mill-sixpences, and two Edward
shovel-boards that cost me two shilling and two pence a-piece of Yead
Miller, by these gloves.
FALSTAFF.
Is this true, Pistol?
EVANS.
No, it is false, if it is a pick-purse.
PISTOL.
Ha, thou mountain-foreigner!--Sir John and master mine,
I combat challenge of this latten bilbo.

Korean
chamber: 약실, 방, 소실, 침실, 변호사 불성실한, 꾸민, 그릇된, 의사의. phrase: 구, 성구, 관용구, 금언, 말,
사무실, 의원, 의회, 회의장, 회의실, groats: 간 귀리, 귀리의 알곡, 탄 밀, 악구로 표현하다, 악구 문구, 성구-
회의소, 회관. 거칠게 탄 밀, 거칠게 탄 귀리. 말씨로 표현하다, 표현법, 명언,
combat: 전투, 격투, 분투하다, 싸우다, host: 숙주, 주인, 천사의 떼, 군세, 말씨로 표현하다.
와 싸우다, 투쟁하다, 을 제거하기 다수, 많은 떼, 군, 여럿, 호스트역을 purse: 돈주머니, 돈지갑, 오므라지다,
위해 노력하다, 을 제거하기위해 맡다, 주최국을 맡다, 주인역을 맡다. 금전, 상금, 기부금-오므리다,
싸우다, 격투하다, 투쟁, 전투용의. lastly: 최후에, 최후로. 오므리다, 동식물 따위의 낭,
discreetly: 분별있게, 사려깊은, latten: 얇은 금속판, 함석판엷은 오그라들다, 입술을 오므리다, 낭.
신중하게. 금속판, 황동 합금판. shilling: 실링.
false: 가짜의, 가락이 맞지 않는, note-book: 수첩. thou: 너는, 네가, 달러, 당신은, 천개,
거짓의, 틀린, 부정의, 가의, 임시의, pence: 페니의 복수형. 파운드.
10 The Merry Wives of Windsor

Word of denial in thy labras here!

Word of denial! Froth and scum, thou liest.%
SLENDER.
By these gloves, then, 'twas he.
NYM.
Be avised, sir, and pass good humours; I will say 'marry trap' with you, if you
run the nuthook's humour on me; that is the very note of it.
SLENDER.
By this hat, then, he in the red face had it; for though I cannot remember what
I did when you made me drunk, yet I am not altogether an ass.
FALSTAFF.
What say you, Scarlet and John?
BARDOLPH.
Why, sir, for my part, I say the gentleman had drunk himself out of his five
sentences.
EVANS.
It is his 'five senses'; fie, what the ignorance is!
BARDOLPH.
And being fap, sir, was, as they say, cashier'd; and so conclusions passed the
careires.
SLENDER.
Ay, you spake in Latin then too; but 'tis no matter; I'll ne'er be drunk whilst I
live again, but in honest, civil, godly company, for this trick; if I be drunk, I'll
be drunk with those that have the fear of God, and not with drunken knaves.
EVANS.
So Got udge me, that is a virtuous mind.
FALSTAFF.
You hear all these matters denied, gentlemen; you hear it.
[Enter ANNE PAGE with wine; MISTRESS FORD and MISTRESS PAGE.]

Korean
ass: 당나귀, 마보, 외집쟁이, 나귀, 경건한, 믿음이 깊은 사람들, 믿음이 thy: 그대의.
고집쟁이, 고집통이, 바보. 깊은, 신앙심을 돈독하게, 신앙심깊은 trap: 덫, 휴대품, 덫을 놓다, 입,
denial: 부정, 극기, 부인, 거부. 사람들. 타악기류, 순경, 덫 사냥을 직업으로
drunken: 술취한, 술고래의. hat: 푹쉬다, 추기경의 빨간 모자, 하다, 수하물, 뚜껑문, 표적 날리는
fie: 체, 에잇. 모자. 장치, 계략.
froth: 거품, 시시한것, 거품을 뿜다, ignorance: 무식, 무지, 모르고 있음. trick: 장난, 버릇, 비결, 속이다, 계교,
거품을 일으키다, 쓸데없는얘기, scum: 찌끼, 더껑이, 찌꺼기, 인간 요술, 요술부리다, 장난감, 모양내다,
쓸데없는 얘기, 거품을일으키다, 지스러기, 거품이 일다, 인간 찌꺼 기, 의 기대를 저버리다, 계략.
거품을 일게 하다, 거품을 내뿜다, 인간 쓰레기, 인간 말짜, 에서 뜬 virtuous: 정숙한, 선량한, 도덕적인,
공허. 찌꺼기를 걷어내다, 에 더껑이를 덕이 있는, 덕 있는, 효력이 있는,
godly: 신을 공경하는, 신앙심이 깊은, 만들다, 에 거품을 만들다. 고결한 체하는.
 William Shakespeare 11

PAGE.
Nay, daughter, carry the wine in; we'll drink within.%
[Exit ANNE PAGE.]
SLENDER.
O heaven! this is Mistress Anne Page.
PAGE.
How now, Mistress Ford!
FALSTAFF.
Mistress Ford, by my troth, you are very well met; by your leave, good
mistress. [Kissing her.]
PAGE.
Wife, bid these gentlemen welcome. Come, we have a hot venison pasty to
dinner; come, gentlemen, I hope we shall drink down all unkindness.
[Exeunt all but SHALLOW, SLENDER, and EVANS.]
SLENDER.
I had rather than forty shillings I had my Book of Songs and Sonnets here.
[Enter SIMPLE.]
How, Simple! Where have you been? I must wait on myself, must I? You
have not the Book of Riddles about you, have you?
SIMPLE.
Book of Riddles! why, did you not lend it to Alice Shortcake upon
Allhallowmas last, a fortnight afore Michaelmas?
SHALLOW.
Come, coz; come, coz; we stay for you. A word with you, coz; marry, this,
coz: there is, as 'twere, a tender, a kind of tender, made afar off by Sir Hugh
here: do you understand me?
SLENDER.
Ay, sir, you shall find me reasonable; if it be so, I shall do that that is reason.

Korean
afar: 멀리, 원방에서, 원방에. 꾸어주다, 도와주다, 돈을 꾸어주다. tender: 허약한, 간호인, 부드러운,
afore: 앞, 앞에, 이전에, 전에. marry: 굳게 결합시키다, 와 결혼하다, 제출하다, 입찰하다, 부속선, 감시인,
fortnight: 이주일. 결혼시키다, 결혼하다, 꼬아 합치다, 입찰, 제공, 친절한, 탄수차.
gentlemen: 남자분, 신사, 아마추어 밧줄 따위를 꼬아 합치다, 시집가다, troth: 약속, 약속하다, 약혼, 충절,
선수, 남자용 화장실, 유산 유한 의 결혼식을 거행하다. 성실, 진실, 충실.
계급의 사람, 귀족이 아니면서 가문을 mistress: 정부, 애인, 여교사, 주부, unkindness: 불친절, 몰인정, 무정,
다는 특권을 가진 사람. 부인, 여지배자, 여주인, 연인, 여왕, 매정.
heaven: 하늘, 천국, 상공, 하느님, 한 집안의 안 주인, 주인. welcome: 환영, 환영받는, 환영하다,
천제, 어머나. pasty: 늘어진, 반죽 같은, 누런, 고마운, 어서 오십쇼, 환영합니다,
kissing: 키스하는. 고기파이, 풀의, 풀 같은, 고기 파이, 어서 오세요, 맞다, 잘 오셨습니다,
lend: 빌려주다, 증대시키다, 더하다, 가루 반죽의, 가루 반죽 같은. 천만에요, 기쁜.
12 The Merry Wives of Windsor

SHALLOW.
Nay, but understand me.%
SLENDER.
So I do, sir.
EVANS.
Give ear to his motions, Master Slender: I will description the matter to you,
if you pe capacity of it.
SLENDER.
Nay, I will do as my cousin Shallow says; I pray you pardon me; he's a justice
of peace in his country, simple though I stand here.
EVANS.
But that is not the question; the question is concerning your marriage.
SHALLOW.
Ay, there's the point, sir.
EVANS.
Marry is it; the very point of it; to Mistress Anne Page.
SLENDER.
Why, if it be so, I will marry her upon any reasonable demands.
EVANS.
But can you affection the 'oman? Let us command to know that of your
mouth or of your lips; for divers philosophers hold that the lips is parcel of
the mouth: therefore, precisely, can you carry your good will to the maid?
SHALLOW.
Cousin Abraham Slender, can you love her?
SLENDER.
I hope, sir, I will do as it shall become one that would do reason.
EVANS.
Nay, Got's lords and his ladies! you must speak possitable, if you can carry
her your desires towards her.

Korean
affection: 애정, 영향, 병, 감정, 특성, 종류, 서술적 묘사. 구획, 나누다, 일부분, 한 획의 토지.
성질, 호의, 기질, 감동. divers: 약간의, 여러가지의, 몇 개의. pardon: 용서, 특사, 은사, 용서하다,
capacity: 수용력, 재능, 자격, 용량, ear: 귀, 청각, 경청, 보리 따위의 이삭, 사면, 사면하다, 면죄부, 교황의 면죄,
이해력, 최대한의, 생산 능력, 용적, 귀꼴의 물건, 귓바퀴, 옥수수 열매, 눈감아 주다, 용서하다 용서, 교황의
학습능력, 흡수력, 포용력. 옥수수열매, 귀 모양의 것, 이삭, 사죄.
command: 지휘하다, 명령, 지배하다, 이삭이 패다. precisely: 바로 그렇다, 정확히,
지휘, 명하다, 의 값어치가 있다, maid: 소녀, 하녀, 아가씨, 처녀, 정밀하게.
지배력, 장악지, 차지하고 있다, 잔소리꾼, 조커 빼기, 신부의 들러리, reasonable: 온당한, 도리에 맞는,
명령하다, 조망. 미혼녀, 계집아이, 여자. 사리를 아는, 정당한, 조리가 서는,
concerning: 에 관하여, -에 관하여. parcel: 꾸러미, 한 떼, 소포, 한 뭉치, 과하지 않은, 알맞은, 합리적인,
description: 기술, 묘사, 서술, 특징, 분배하다, 소포로 하다, 소화물, 한 합당한, 적당한, 이성이 있는.
 William Shakespeare 13

SHALLOW.
That you must. Will you, upon good dowry, marry her?
SLENDER.
I will do a greater thing than that upon your request, cousin, in any reason.%
SHALLOW.
Nay, conceive me, conceive me, sweet coz; what I do is to pleasure you, coz.
Can you love the maid?
SLENDER.
I will marry her, sir, at your request; but if there be no great love in the
beginning, yet heaven may decrease it upon better acquaintance, when we
are married and have more occasion to know one another; I hope upon
familiarity will grow more contempt. But if you say 'Marry her,' I will marry
her; that I am freely dissolved, and dissolutely.
EVANS.
It is a fery discretion answer; save, the fall is in the ort
'dissolutely:' the ort is, according to our meaning, 'resolutely.'
His meaning is good.
SHALLOW.
Ay, I think my cousin meant well.
SLENDER.
Ay, or else I would I might be hanged, la!
SHALLOW.
Here comes fair Mistress Anne.
[Re-enter ANNE PAGE.]
Would I were young for your sake, Mistress Anne!
ANNE.
The dinner is on the table; my father desires your worships' company.
SHALLOW.
I will wait on him, fair Mistress Anne!

Korean
according: 그러므로, 따라서, decrease: 감소, 줄다, 저하하다, 축소, 치근치근함, 익히 앎, 임의로움,
나름으로, 에 따라, 에 의하여. 축소되다, 줄이다, 내리다, 감소하다. 스스럼 없음.
acquaintance: 지식, 알고 있음, 면식, dinner: 정찬, 오찬, 만찬, 정식, 식사를 freely: 아낌없이, 마음대로, 인심
아는 사람, 잘아는 사람, 익히 알고 하다, 공식 오찬, 공식 만찬. 후하게, 자유로이, 자유롭게,
있음, 안면, 숙지, 아는 사인. discretion: 신중, 행동의 자유, 분별, 허물없이.
conceive: 상상하다, 임신하다, 배다, 사려, 자유 재량, 마음대로, 분별 ort: 쓰레기, 먹다 남은 찌꺼기, 부엌
이해하다, 마음에 품다, 착상하다, 연령, 판단의 자유, 선택의 자유. 쓰레기, 먹다 남은 음식.
마음에품다, 말로표현하다, 라고 dissolutely: 방종하게, 방탕하게. sake: 목적, 위함, 이유, 제발, 을 위함.
생각하다, 생각하다, 생각해 내다. dowry: 결혼 지참금, 천부의 재능. sweet: 단 것, 사탕, 캔디, 친절한,
contempt: 치욕, 경멸, 모욕, 멸시, familiarity: 친교, 친함, 허울없음, 신선한, 상냥한, 상냥하게, 향기로운,
모멸, 수치, 업신여김, 창피, 모욕죄. 친숙함, 친밀, 무엄한, 무간함, 맛있는, 귀여운, 순조롭게.
14 The Merry Wives of Windsor

EVANS.
Od's plessed will! I will not be absence at the grace.%
[Exeunt SHALLOW and EVANS.]
ANNE.
Will't please your worship to come in, sir?
SLENDER.
No, I thank you, forsooth, heartily; I am very well.
ANNE.
The dinner attends you, sir.
SLENDER.
I am not a-hungry, I thank you, forsooth. Go, sirrah, for all you are my man,
go wait upon my cousin Shallow.
[Exit SIMPLE.]
A justice of peace sometime may be beholding to his friend for a man.
I keep but three men and a boy yet, till my mother be dead. But what though?
Yet I live like a poor gentleman born.
ANNE.
I may not go in without your worship: they will not sit till you come.
SLENDER.
I' faith, I'll eat nothing; I thank you as much as though I did.
ANNE.
I pray you, sir, walk in.
SLENDER.
I had rather walk here, I thank you. I bruised my shin th' other day with
playing at sword and dagger with a master of fence; three veneys for a dish
of stewed prunes--and, by my troth, I cannot abide the smell of hot meat
since. Why do your dogs bark so? Be there bears i' the town?
ANNE.
I think there are, sir; I heard them talked of.

Korean
abide: 지탱하다, 살다, 머무르다, 움푹해지다, 식품, 성적 매력이 있는 sirrah: 이봐, 어이, 여봐, 이 자식아.
기다리다, 참고 견디다, 지속하다, 여자, 위성 방송, 미인, 그릇, 사발 sometime: 언제가 조만간, 이전,
머물다, 달게 받다, 규칙을 엄수하다, 모양으로 움푹 들어가게 하다. 이따금, 이따금의, 이전의, 언젠가,
각오하고 기다리다, 따르다. forsooth: 정말, 참말이지. 어떤 때에.
bark: 짖다, 기나피, 기침 소리, 기침을 heartily: 마음으로부터, 열의를 갖고, stewed: 스튜 요리로 한, 너무 진한,
하다, 포성, 총성, 나무 껍질로 덮다, 정중히, 매우, 배불리, 마음으로, 억병으로 취한, 초조한, 너무진한,
나무껍질, 소리지르다, 배, 피부- 기운차게. 약한 불로 끓인, 뭉근불로 끊인, 약한
껍질을 벗기다. shin: 정강이, 기어오르다, 기어 불로 익힌.
dagger: 단도, 칼표, 이중 칼표, 무서운 내리다, 기어 오르다, 도보로 가다, 을 worship: 예배, 숭배, 예배하다, 경모,
눈초리로 노려보다, 심한적의를 품고. 기어 오르다, 정강이를 차서 다치게 각하, 숭배하다, 참배, 명예, 예배식,
dish: 접시에 담다, 요리, 푼주, 접시, 하다, 정강이를 차다. 존경, 참배하다.
 William Shakespeare 15

SLENDER.
I love the sport well; but I shall as soon quarrel at it as any man in England.
You are afraid, if you see the bear loose, are you not?
ANNE.
Ay, indeed, sir.%
SLENDER.
That's meat and drink to me now. I have seen Sackerson loose twenty times,
and have taken him by the chain; but I warrant you, the women have so cried
and shrieked at it that it passed; but women, indeed, cannot abide 'em; they
are very ill-favoured rough things.
[Re-enter PAGE.]
PAGE.
Come, gentle Master Slender, come; we stay for you.
SLENDER.
I'll eat nothing, I thank you, sir.
PAGE.
By cock and pie, you shall not choose, sir! come, come.
SLENDER.
Nay, pray you lead the way.
PAGE.
Come on, sir.
SLENDER.
Mistress Anne, yourself shall go first.
ANNE.
Not I, sir; pray you keep on.
SLENDER.
Truly, I will not go first; truly, la! I will not do you that wrong.
ANNE.
I pray you, sir.

Korean
chain: 쇠사슬, 연쇄, 굴레, 측쇄, 속박, loose: 풀다, 풀린, 쏘다, 엉성한, 말다툼하다, 말다툼의 원인.
체인, 목걸이, 차꼬, 일련, 회로, 총포를 쏘다, 포장이 나쁜, rough: 거칠게, 귀에 거슬리는,
사슬로 연결하다. 헐렁헐렁한, 헐거워지다, 흐트러진, 껄껄한, 거친, 사나운, 학대, 떫은,
cock: 수탉, 두목, 공이치기, 실없는 짓, 낙낙한, 놓다. 난폭한, 거칠게 하다, 미가공,
멧도요, 마개, 수컷, 위로 휨, 바늘, meat: 고기, 식사, 음식, 살, 알맹이, 거칠거칠한.
음경, 풍향기. 음식물, 식용 짐승고기. sport: 운동가, 농담, 운동회, 노름꾼,
gentle: 온화한, 구더기, 길들이다, pie: 파이, 거저 먹기, 까치, 썩 좋은것, 낭비하다, 장난, 과시하다, 오락,
얌전한, 품위 있는, 양갓집 사람, 지체 뇌물, 크림 샌드위치. 경기, 시원시원한 남자, 사냥꾼.
높은, 상냥한, 친절한, 어루만지다, quarrel: 싸움의 원인, 싸움, 불평, truly: 참으로, 정확히, 바르게, 성실히,
온순한. 말다툼, 네모진 촉이 달린 화살, 정확하게, 사실을 말하자면, 정말로,
ill-favoured: 못생긴. 불화의 씨, 불화, 불평하다, 싸움하다, 진실로, 충실히.
16 The Merry Wives of Windsor

SLENDER.
I'll rather be unmannerly than troublesome. You do yourself wrong indeed,
la!
[Exeunt.]

SCENE II. THE SAME.%

[Enter SIR HUGH EVANS and SIMPLE.]

EVANS.
Go your ways, and ask of Doctor Caius' house which is the way; and there
dwells one Mistress Quickly, which is in the manner of his nurse, or his dry
nurse, or his cook, or his laundry, his washer, and his wringer.
SIMPLE.
Well, sir.
EVANS.
Nay, it is petter yet. Give her this letter; for it is a 'oman that altogether's
acquaintance with Mistress Anne Page; and the letter is to desire and require
her to solicit your master's desires to Mistress Anne Page. I pray you be gone:
I will make an end of my dinner; there's pippins and cheese to come.
[Exeunt.]

SCENE III. A ROOM IN THE GARTER INN.

[Enter FALSTAFF, HOST, BARDOLPH, NYM, PISTOL, and ROBIN.]

Korean
cook: 요리하다, 요리되다, 요리사, 예의. 끌다, 권유하다, 뇌물을 써서
조작하다, 식사를 준비하다, nurse: 간호하다, 유모, 젖을 먹이다, 애걸하다, 손님을 끌다, 유혹하다.
지어내다, 일어나다, 녹초가 되게 젖을 먹다, 보모, 공을 모아놓기, troublesome: 귀찮은, 골치 아픈,
하다, 쿡, 음식을 만들다, 지치게 간호사로 일하다, 간호사로서 다루기 힘든, 성가신, 까다로운,
하다. 근무하다, 간호인, 보호목, 보호하다. 말썽부리는.
dry: 마른, 마르다, 말리다, 건조한, require: 요구하다, 명하다, 요청하다, unmannerly: 무무한, 예절없는,
쌀쌀한, 바싹마른, 무미건조한, 을 필요로 하다, 할필요가 있다, 무례한, 무례하게.
가무는, 냉담한, 널다, 적나라한. 명령하다, 구하다, 을 요하다, washer: 세탁기, 세탁하는 사람, 좌철,
laundry: 세탁소, 세탁물, 세탁장. 필요로하다, 필요하다, 법률 따위가 똬리쇠.
manner: 방법, 방식, 풍습, 태도, 다소, 요구하다. wringer: 짜는 사람, 짜는 기계.
작풍, 예절, 양식, 생활 양식, 종류, solicit: 간청하다, 교사하다, 구하다,
 William Shakespeare 17

FALSTAFF.
Mine host of the Garter!
HOST.
What says my bully rook? Speak scholarly and wisely.%
FALSTAFF.
Truly, mine host, I must turn away some of my followers.
HOST.
Discard, bully Hercules; cashier; let them wag; trot, trot.
FALSTAFF.
I sit at ten pounds a week.
HOST.
Thou'rt an emperor, Caesar, Keiser, and Pheazar. I will entertain Bardolph; he
shall draw, he shall tap; said I well, bully Hector?
FALSTAFF.
Do so, good mine host.
HOST.
I have spoke; let him follow. [To BARDOLPH] Let me see thee froth and
lime. I am at a word; follow.
[Exit.]
FALSTAFF.
Bardolph, follow him. A tapster is a good trade; an old cloak makes a new
jerkin; a withered serving-man a fresh tapster. Go; adieu.
BARDOLPH.
It is a life that I have desired; I will thrive.
PISTOL.
O base Hungarian wight! Wilt thou the spigot wield?
[Exit BARDOLPH.]
NYM.
He was gotten in drink. Is not the humour conceited?

Korean
adieu: 이별, 안녕, 작별 인사. 떼까마귀, 띠까마귀, 부당한 대금을 공부하다.
cashier: 출납원, 면직시키다, 청구하는 사람, 사기치다, 속임수 wag: 흔들다, 익살꾸러기, 흔듦,
출납계원, 징계 파면하다, 지점장, 쓰다. 흔들거림, 흔들리다, 흔들기,
회계원, 은행의 지배인. spigot: 마개, 주둥이, 꼭지. 출발하다, 여러 모로 변해가다,
conceited: 자부심이 강한, tapster: 급사. 아장아장 걷다, 신호하다, 농뗑이
변덕스러운, 젠체하는, 뽐내는. thee: 너를, 너에게. 부리다.
gotten: 과거 분사. trot: 자습서, 총총걸음으로 걷다, wield: 휘두르다, 지배하다.
jerkin: 조끼, 가죽 조끼, 짧은 상의, 총총걸음, 자습용 번역서, 아장아장 wilt: 이울다, 시들다, 청고병, 풀이
소매없는 짧은 조끼. 걷는 어린애, 속보로 달기다, 속보, 죽다, 이울게 하다, 장승병, 약하게
rook: 성장, 사기꾼, 루크, 협잡하다, 서두르며 가다, 빠른운동, 빠른 하다.
까마귀, 손님들에게 바가지를 씌우다, 걸음으로 안내하다, 자습서로 withered: 시든, 쇠퇴한, 이운.
18 The Merry Wives of Windsor

FALSTAFF.
I am glad I am so acquit of this tinder-box: his thefts were too open; his
filching was like an unskilful singer--he kept not time.%
NYM.
The good humour is to steal at a minim's rest.
PISTOL.
'Convey' the wise it call. 'Steal!' foh! A fico for the phrase!
FALSTAFF.
Well, sirs, I am almost out at heels.
PISTOL.
Why, then, let kibes ensue.
FALSTAFF.
There is no remedy; I must cony-catch; I must shift.
PISTOL.
Young ravens must have food.
FALSTAFF.
Which of you know Ford of this town?
PISTOL.
I ken the wight; he is of substance good.
FALSTAFF.
My honest lads, I will tell you what I am about.
PISTOL.
Two yards, and more.
FALSTAFF.
No quips now, Pistol. Indeed, I am in the waist two yards about; but I am
now about no waste; I am about thrift. Briefly, I do mean to make love to
Ford's wife; I spy entertainment in her; she discourses, she carves, she gives
the leer of invitation; I can construe the action of her familiar style; and the

Korean
acquit: 석방하다, 변제, 방면하다, 뒤이어 일어 나다, 의 결과로서 넣다, 훔친물건, 몰래가다조용히
면제하다, 영주증, 다하다, 석방번, 일어나다, 을 구하다. 움직이다, 싸게 산 물건.
수행, 행동하다, 연기하다, 을 leer: 추파, 곁눈질, 짓궂은 눈매, 곁눈, thrift: 아르메리아, 검약, 번성, 절약,
해제하다. 곁눈질하다, 곁눈으로 흘겨보다. 무성.
briefly: 간결하게, 짧게, 간단히. remedy: 의료, 구제책, 치료, 교정법 unskilful: 서투른, 솜씨없는, 어줍은.
construe: 해석하다, 직역, 구문 분석, 고치다, 보수하다, 치료약, 치료하다. waist: 허리, 블라우스, 요부, 몸통옷,
구문을 설명하다, 직역하다, spy: 스파이, 찾아내다, 탐정하다, 가운데의 잘룩한 곳, 허리의 잘룩한
해부하다, 분석 연습, 축어역, 면밀히 조사하다, 염탐하다, 스파이짓 곳, 여성복의 치수, 여성복의 허리,
해석되다, 해석할 수 있다, 그의 하다, 알아보다. 중앙의 잘룩한 부분.
구성요소를 분석하다. steal: 훔치다, 도둑질하다, 도루하다, wight: 사람, 인간, 생물, 초자연적
ensue: 계속해서일어나다, 을 찾다, 훔침, 횡재, 도둑질, 도루, 몰래 손에 존재.
 William Shakespeare 19

hardest voice of her behaviour, to be Englished rightly, is 'I am Sir John

Falstaff's.'
PISTOL.
He hath studied her will, and translated her will out of honesty into
English.%
NYM.
The anchor is deep; will that humour pass?
FALSTAFF.
Now, the report goes she has all the rule of her husband's purse; he hath a
legion of angels.
PISTOL.
As many devils entertain; and 'To her, boy,' say I.
NYM.
The humour rises; it is good; humour me the angels.
FALSTAFF.
I have writ me here a letter to her; and here another to Page's wife, who even
now gave me good eyes too, examined my parts with most judicious
oeillades; sometimes the beam of her view gilded my foot, sometimes my
portly belly.
PISTOL.
Then did the sun on dunghill shine.
NYM.
I thank thee for that humour.
FALSTAFF.
O! she did so course o'er my exteriors with such a greedy intention that the
appetite of her eye did seem to scorch me up like a burning-glass. Here's
another letter to her: she bears the purse too; she is a region in Guiana, all
gold and bounty. I will be cheator to them both, and they shall be exchequers
to me; they shall be my East and West Indies, and I will trade to them both.

Korean
anchor: 닻, 정착시키다, 힘이 되는 것 보수, 상여금. 정절.
닻을 내려 멈추다, 힘이되는 것최종 dunghill: 똥거름더미, 거름의 더미, judicious: 현명한, 사려있는,
주자, 닻의, 의지할 힘이 되는 것, 쓰레기통, 똥의 더미. 사려분별이 있는.
야구 팀에서 제일가는 강타자, 맨 끝 entertain: 대접하다, 품다, legion: 군단, 군대, 다수의, 다수,
사람, 닻을 내리다, 닻으로 즐겁게하다, 유쾌한, 재미있는, 아강, 동식물 분류의 아강.
고정시키다, 주저앉다. 즐겁게 하다, 간직하다, 호의로써 portly: 당당한, 비만한, 몸집이
appetite: 식욕, 욕구, 욕망, 기호. 받아들이다, 환대하다. 뚱뚱한.
belly: 배, 복부, 식욕, 위, 자궁- gilded: 금도금한, 화려한. scorch: 질주하다, 태우다, 그슬리다,
부풀게하다, 태내, 불룩한 부분, greedy: 탐욕스러운, 걸신들린, 시들다, 초토화 하다, 그을음, 눌음,
부풀다. 열망하는, 게걸스러운, 대식하는. 독이 오르다, 탐, 타다, 질주.
bounty: 하사품, 장려금, 관대, 활수함, honesty: 정직, 성실, 솔직, 루나리아, writ: 영장, 문서.
20 The Merry Wives of Windsor

Go, bear thou this letter to Mistress Page; and thou this to Mistress Ford. We
will thrive, lads, we will thrive.
PISTOL.
Shall I Sir Pandarus of Troy become,
And by my side wear steel? then Lucifer take all!
NYM.
I will run no base humour. Here, take the humour-letter; I will keep the
haviour of reputation.%
FALSTAFF.
[To ROBIN]
Hold, sirrah; bear you these letters tightly;
Sail like my pinnace to these golden shores.
Rogues, hence, avaunt! vanish like hailstones, go;
Trudge, plod away o' hoof; seek shelter, pack!
Falstaff will learn the humour of this age;
French thrift, you rogues; myself, and skirted page.
[Exeunt FALSTAFF and ROBIN.]
PISTOL.
Let vultures gripe thy guts! for gourd and fullam holds,
And high and low beguile the rich and poor;
Tester I'll have in pouch when thou shalt lack,
Base Phrygian Turk!
NYM.
I have operations in my head which be humours of revenge.
PISTOL.
Wilt thou revenge?
NYM.
By welkin and her star!
PISTOL.
With wit or steel?
Korean
avaunt: 가라, 물러가라. 굽, 발굽. 주머니에 넣다, 주머니, 자루
beguile: 기만하다, 지루함을 잊게 myself: 나 자신, 내자신, 자기. 모양으로 되다, 오므라지게 하다-
하다, 사취하다, 즐겁게하다, 기쁘게 pinnace: 소형 스쿠너, 함배용 중형 자루 모양으로 되다, 오므라지게
하다, 속이다, 잊게 하다. 보트, 함재정. 하다, 주머니 모양이 되다, 주머니-
gourd: 호리병박. plod: 그 발소리, 터덕거리다, 꾸준히 주머니에 넣다, 처진 살, 눈 밑의 처진
gripe: 쥐어짜다, 배를 아프게 하다, 일하다, 무거운 발걸음으로 거다, 살.
배앓이, 괴롭히다, 가슴 아프게 하다, 무거운 발걸음으로 걷다, 터벅터벅 shalt: 직설법 현재.
배앓이로 고생하다, 제어, 잡다, 잡기, 걷다, 무거운 걸은으로 걷다, 무거운 vanish: 사라지다, 영이되다,
우는 소리하다, 복통. 듯한, 부지런히 일하다, 터벅터벅 소멸하다, 없어지다, 영이 되다, 소음,
guts: 끈기, 속, 냉장. 걷는. 희미해지다, 보이지 않게 하다.
hoof: 걷다, 발굽으로 차다, 춤추다, pouch: 작은 주머니, 자루처럼 만들다, welkin: 창공.
 William Shakespeare 21

NYM.
With both the humours, I: I will discuss the humour of this love to Page.
PISTOL.
And I to Ford shall eke unfold
How Falstaff, varlet vile,
His dove will prove, his gold will hold,
And his soft couch defile.%
NYM.
My humour shall not cool: I will incense Page to deal with poison; I will
possess him with yellowness, for the revolt of mine is dangerous: that is my
true humour.
PISTOL.
Thou art the Mars of malcontents; I second thee; troop on.
[Exeunt.]

SCENE 4. A ROOM IN DOCTOR CAIUS'S HOUSE.

[Enter MISTRESS QUICKLY, and SIMPLE.]

QUICKLY.
What, John Rugby! [Enter RUGBY.] I pray thee go to the casement, and see if
you can see my master, Master Doctor Caius, coming: if he do, i' faith, and
find anybody in the house, here will be an old abusing of God's patience and
the King's English.
RUGBY.
I'll go watch.
QUICKLY.
Go; and we'll have a posset for't soon at night, in faith, at the latter end of a
sea-coal fire.

Korean
casement: 여닫이창, 틀, 덮개, 여닫이 faith: 신앙, 신의, 신뢰, 신념, 서약, revolt: 반란, 반항, 반감, 반란을
창의 창틀, 여닫이 창, 창문, 싸개. 신용, 신조, 약속, 교리, 충성, 성실. 일으키다, 비위 상하게 하다, 혐오,
couch: 침상, 눕다, 초자체 전위를 incense: 향, 향을 피우다, 분향하다, 반항적태도, 구역질나다, 반감이
시술하다, 띄우다, 쌓이다, 말로 아첨, 에 향을 피우다, 아부, 방향, 생기다, 폭동, 적편에 붙다.
표현하다, 못자리, 잠복하다, 누이다, 향내, 성나게 하다, 노하게 하다, 몹시 troop: 군대, 수송하다, 사귀다, 떼,
침석, 휴식처. 화나게 하다. 모이다, 편성하다, 일단 무리, 몰리다,
dove: 비둘기, 온유한사람, 비둘기의 poison: 독, 해독, 헤치다, 독살하다, 떼지어 나가다, 대, 기병 중대.
과거, 순결한 사람, 평화의 사자, 해로운, 폐해-독을 넣다, 폐해, 독약, unfold: 펴다, 열다, 열리다, 펼쳐지다,
성령. 못쓰게 하다-해로운, 못쓰게 하다, 나타내다, 울에서 내놓다, 펴기.
eke: 그리고 또, 보충하다, 꾸려나가다, 독을 넣다. varlet: 악한, 종복, 시동, 종자.
도 또한, 또한. posset: 밀크주, 우유술. yellowness: 노란색, 황색.
22 The Merry Wives of Windsor

[Exit RUGBY.]
An honest, willing, kind fellow, as ever servant shall come in house withal;
and, I warrant you, no tell-tale nor no breed-bate; his worst fault is that he is
given to prayer; he is something peevish that way; but nobody but has his
fault; but let that pass. Peter Simple you say your name is?
SIMPLE.
Ay, for fault of a better.%
QUICKLY.
And Master Slender's your master?
SIMPLE.
Ay, forsooth.
QUICKLY.
Does he not wear a great round beard, like a glover's paring-knife?
SIMPLE.
No, forsooth; he hath but a little whey face, with a little yellow beard--a cane-
coloured beard.
QUICKLY.
A softly-sprighted man, is he not?
SIMPLE.
Ay, forsooth; but he is as tall a man of his hands as any is between this and
his head; he hath fought with a warrener.
QUICKLY.
How say you?--O! I should remember him. Does he not hold up his head, as
it were, and strut in his gait?
SIMPLE.
Yes, indeed, does he.
QUICKLY.
Well, heaven send Anne Page no worse fortune! Tell Master Parson Evans I
will do what I can for your master: Anne is a good girl, and I wish--

Korean
beard: 수염, 미늘-수염을 잡다, gait: 보조, 걸음걸이, 걷는 모양, 기도의 목적물 기.
공공연히 반항하다, 미늘, 에게 걸음걸이를 조련하다, 심사원 에 strut: 점잔빼며 걷다, 점잔뺀 걸음,
공공연히 반항하다, 의 수염을 걷게하다, 심사원 앞에 걷게 하다, 지주, 버팀목, 버팀대를 괴다, 뒤를
꺼두르다, 까락, 턱수염, 의 수염을 말의 보조. 젖히고 걷다, 거만한 걸음걸이,
잡아 뽑다, 경사면, 깎아 내다. honest: 정직한, 섞지않은, 성실한, 지주를 괴다, 거만하게 걷다, 뽐내는
fellow: 한 쪽, 평의원, 자식, 일원, 진짜의, 평판이 좋은, 거짓이 없는, 걸음걸이.
애인, 놈, 동지, 동료, 동무, 한패, 기특한. whey: 유장.
녀석. peevish: 성마른, 부루퉁한, 짜증이 난, withal: 게다가, 또한, 으로써, 그위에,
fortune: 행운, 부, 운, 재산, 운명, 투정부리는. 을 가지고 있는, 을 나타내어, 을
운수, 재산을 주다, 우연히 일어나다, prayer: 기도식, 기도의 문구, 기원, 사용하여, 을 상대로, 을 합쳐서, 의
운명의 여신. 간원, 기도하는 사람, 탄원, 기도, 몸에 지니고, 의 일원으로서.
 William Shakespeare 23

[Re-enter RUGBY.]
RUGBY.
Out, alas! here comes my master.%
QUICKLY.
We shall all be shent. Run in here, good young man; go into this closet.
[Shuts SIMPLE in the closet.]
He will not stay long. What, John Rugby! John! what, John, I say! Go, John, go
inquire for my master; I doubt he be not well that he comes not home.
[Exit RUGBY.]
[Sings.]
And down, down, adown-a, etc.
[Enter DOCTOR CAIUS.]
CAIUS.
Vat is you sing? I do not like des toys. Pray you, go and vetch me in my
closet une boitine verde--a box, a green-a box: do intend vat I speak? a green-
a box.
QUICKLY.
Ay, forsooth, I'll fetch it you.
[Aside]
I am glad he went not in himself: if he had found the young man, he would
have been horn-mad.
CAIUS.
Fe, fe, fe fe! ma foi, il fait fort chaud. Je m'en vais a la cour-- la grande affaire.
QUICKLY.
Is it this, sir?
CAIUS.
Oui; mettez le au mon pocket: depechez, quickly--
Vere is dat knave, Rugby?
QUICKLY.
What, John Rugby? John!

Korean
alas: 아아, 슬픈지고. fort: 성채, 보루, 요새, 보채, 교역 master: 주인, 석사, 도련님, 대가,
closet: 벽장, 사실, 비밀의, 변소, 작은 시장. 선생, 명인, 숙달하다, 임자, 교장,
방, 비실제적인, 변기, 밀담시키다, inquire: 문의하다, 묻다, 조사하다, 가장, 억제하다.
들어박히다, 들어박혀 있다, 다락장. 질문하다. sing: 노래하다, 지저귀다, 울다,
doubt: 의심, 의심하다, 의심스러움, intend: 할 작정이다, 예정하다, 울리다, 윙윙거리다, 픽픽하다, 시를
의문, 의문-의심하다, 의혹을 품다, 의미하다, 의도하다, 하려고 짓다, 노래가 되다, 소리치다,
불확실함, 염려하다. 생각하다, 지정하다, 셈이다, 뜻하다, 자백하다, 노래를 짓다.
fetch: 가져오다, 도달하다, 내다, 꾀하다, 기도하다, 가리키다. vat: 큰통, 큰 통, 큰 통에 넣다, 큰
오게하다, 불러오다, 팔리다, 가하다, knave: 잭, 하인, 약한, 신분이 낮은 통에 저장하다.
가하다-물건을가져오다, 갖다 주다, 사내, 무뢰한, 악한, 남자아이. vetch: 살갈퀴, 야생 완두.
물건을가져오다, 의 마음을 사로잡다. ma: 엄마.
24 The Merry Wives of Windsor

[Re-enter RUGBY.]
RUGBY.
Here, sir.%
CAIUS.
You are John Rugby, and you are Jack Rugby: come, take-a your rapier, and
come after my heel to de court.
RUGBY.
'Tis ready, sir, here in the porch.
CAIUS.
By my trot, I tarry too long--Od's me! Qu'ay j'oublie? Dere is some simples in
my closet dat I vill not for the varld I shall leave behind.
QUICKLY.
[Aside.] Ay me, he'll find the young man there, and be mad!
CAIUS.
O diable, diable! vat is in my closet?--Villainy! larron!
[Pulling SIMPLE out.]
Rugby, my rapier!
QUICKLY.
Good master, be content.
CAIUS.
Verefore shall I be content-a?
QUICKLY.
The young man is an honest man.
CAIUS.
What shall de honest man do in my closet? dere is no honest man dat shall
come in my closet.
QUICKLY.
I beseech you, be not so phlegmatic. Hear the truth of it: he came of an
errand to me from Parson Hugh.

Korean
content: 내용, 용적, 함유량, 차례, mad: 미친, 무모한, 열중한, 들떠서 준비시키다, 준비된, 편리한, 준비를
만족하여, 찬성하여, 만족, 내용물, 흥청거리는, 공수병에 걸린, 미친 것 갖춘, 준비가 되어 있는, 채비가된,
속알맹이, 흐뭇해하여-만족, 같은, 성난, 열광한, 분노. 사격 준비 자세를 취한, 준비하다.
찬성투표. phlegmatic: 점액질의, 냉담한, sir: 님, 경, 이봐, 나리, 각위, 여러분,
de: 의, 에서, 에 속한의 뜻. 둔감한, 가래가 많은, 담이 많은. 선생님, 씨, 에게 씨라고 부르다,
errand: 심부름, 볼일, 사명, 심부름의 porch: 베란다, 현관, 옛날 아테네에서 근계, 직업 앞에 붙이는 남자의 경칭.
내용, 내용. 제노가 제자들을 모아서 철학 강의를 tarry: 늦어지다, 기다리다, 타르의,
heel: 뒤축을 대다, 기울이다, 뒤꿈치로 한 복도. 망설이다, 타르로 더럽혀진, 타르를
춤추다, 뒷발, 의 바로 뒤를 따르다, rapier: 가늘고 긴 쌍날칼, 장검, 칠한, 머무르다, 체재, 체재하다.
바로 뒤따르다, 뒤꿈치, 기울어지다, 가느다란 쌍날칼. truth: 성실, 진실, 진리, 사실, 정직,
굽, 경사, 비열한놈. ready: 즉석의, 재빠른, 하기 쉬운, 사실은, 사실을 말하면, 정말, 박진성.
 William Shakespeare 25

CAIUS.
Vell.%
SIMPLE.
Ay, forsooth, to desire her to--
QUICKLY.
Peace, I pray you.
CAIUS.
Peace-a your tongue!--Speak-a your tale.
SIMPLE.
To desire this honest gentlewoman, your maid, to speak a good word to
Mistress Anne Page for my master, in the way of marriage.
QUICKLY.
This is all, indeed, la! but I'll ne'er put my finger in the fire, and need not.
CAIUS.
Sir Hugh send-a you?--Rugby, baillez me some paper: tarry you a little-a
while. [Writes.]
QUICKLY.
I am glad he is so quiet: if he had been throughly moved, you should have
heard him so loud and so melancholy. But notwithstanding, man, I'll do you
your master what good I can; and the very yea and the no is, the French
doctor, my master--I may call him my master, look you, for I keep his house;
and I wash, wring, brew, bake, scour, dress meat and drink, make the beds,
and do all myself--
SIMPLE.
'Tis a great charge to come under one body's hand.
QUICKLY.
Are you avis'd o' that? You shall find it a great charge; and to be up early and
down late; but notwithstanding,--to tell you in your ear,--I would have no
words of it--my master himself is in love with Mistress Anne Page; but
notwithstanding that, I know Anne's mind, that's neither here nor there.
Korean
bake: 회식, 구워지다, 굽다, 굽기, 극성스러운, 소리가 큰, 주제넘는, 청소하다, 찾아 헤매다, 갈아서 닦다,
익히다, 빵굽기, 구워낸 제품, 구워 불쾌히, 좀 지나치게 화려한, 높은, 씻어내기, 을 급히 지나치다, 을 대충
굳히다, 구워 말리다, 그을리다, 타다. 야비한, 야하게. 생각하다.
brew: 양조하다, 꾸미다- melancholy: 우울, 우울한, 습관적인 throughly: 충분히, 순전히, 완전히.
일어나려하다, 끓이다, 조짐이보이다, 우울, 우울병, 체질적인 우울, 우울증. wash: 도금하다, 씻다, 세광하다, 세제,
조합하다, 양조, 우러나다, 꾸미다. notwithstanding: 에도 불구하고, 세탁, 습지, 화장수, 믿을 만하다, 그
dress: 의복, 정장하다, 예복, 드레스, 그런데도 불구하고, 할지라도, 소리, 씻어 정하게 하다, 쓸어 넣다.
정열시키다, 다듬다, 입히다, 불구하고, 한데, 그럼에도 불구하고, wring: 짜다, 꽉 쥐다, 비틀다, 짜기,
정장시키다, 무두질하다, 치료하다, 함에도 불구하고, 이라 할지라도. 괴롭히다, 짜내다, 감다, 짬,
치장하다. scour: 질주하다, 문질러 닦다, 물로 왜곡하다, 손을 꽉 쥠, 과즙 짜는
loud: 큰소리로, 화려한, 떠들썩한, 씻어내다, 급히 찾아 다니다, 갈다, 기계.
26 The Merry Wives of Windsor

CAIUS.
You jack'nape; give-a dis letter to Sir Hugh; by gar, it is a shallenge: I will cut
his troat in de Park; and I will teach a scurvy jack-a-nape priest to meddle or
make. You may be gone; it is not good you tarry here: by gar, I will cut all his
two stones; by gar, he shall not have a stone to throw at his dog.%
[Exit SIMPLE.]
QUICKLY.
Alas, he speaks but for his friend.
CAIUS.
It is no matter-a ver dat:--do not you tell-a me dat I shall have Anne Page for
myself? By gar, I vill kill de Jack priest; and I have appointed mine host of de
Jartiere to measure our weapon. By gar, I vill myself have Anne Page.
QUICKLY.
Sir, the maid loves you, and all shall be well. We must give folks leave to
prate: what, the good-jer!
CAIUS.
Rugby, come to the court vit me. By gar, if I have not Anne Page, I shall turn
your head out of my door. Follow my heels, Rugby.
[Exeunt CAIUS and RUGBY.]
QUICKLY.
You shall have An fool's-head of your own. No, I know Anne's mind for that:
never a woman in Windsor knows more of Anne's mind than I do; nor can do
more than I do with her, I thank heaven.
FENTON.
[Within.]
Who's within there? ho!
QUICKLY.
Who's there, I trow? Come near the house, I pray you.
[Enter FENTON.]

Korean
appointed: 지정된, 설비된, 약속의, 표준. scurvy: 괴혈병, 상스러운.
정해진, 설비를 갖춘. meddle: 주물럭거리다, 참견하다, teach: 가르치다, 교수하다,
gar: 동갈치. 만지작거리다, 공연히 만지작거리다, 선생질하다, 깨닫게 하다, 교사를
ho: 호, 허허, 저런, 어이, 흥. 간섭하다. 하다, 혼내주다, 훈련하다.
kill: 죽이다, 기세를 꺾다, 시내, 잡은 prate: 수다 떨다, 쓸 데 없는 말, 수다, throw: 던지다, 움직이다, 흔들어
것, 수로, 살생, 보내다, 말라 종알종알 지껄이다, 재잘재잘 떨어뜨리다, 스카프, 던지기, 갑자기
주게하다, 말살하다, 살인하다, 말라 지껄이다. 움직이다, 빠뜨리다, 얹히게 하다,
죽게하다. priest: 성직자, 목사, 사제, 성직자로 분리, 가벼운 두르개, 행정.
loves: 사랑. 만들다, 목사에 임명하다, 봉사자, trow: 생각하다, 믿다.
measure: 법안, 치수, 운율, 한도, 성직자로 임명하다, 목사로 임명하다, weapon: 무기, 병기, 흉기, 공격의
측정, 측량, 척도, 수단, 크기, 박자, 목사로 만들다. 수단, 무장하다.
 William Shakespeare 27

FENTON.
How now, good woman! how dost thou?
QUICKLY.
The better, that it pleases your good worship to ask.%
FENTON.
What news? how does pretty Mistress Anne?
QUICKLY.
In truth, sir, and she is pretty, and honest, and gentle; and one that is your
friend, I can tell you that by the way; I praise heaven for it.
FENTON.
Shall I do any good, thinkest thou? Shall I not lose my suit?
QUICKLY.
Troth, sir, all is in His hands above; but notwithstanding, Master Fenton, I'll
be sworn on a book she loves you. Have not your worship a wart above your
eye?
FENTON.
Yes, marry, have I; what of that?
QUICKLY.
Well, thereby hangs a tale; good faith, it is such another Nan; but, I detest, an
honest maid as ever broke bread. We had an hour's talk of that wart; I shall
never laugh but in that maid's company;--but, indeed, she is given too much
to allicholy and musing. But for you --well, go to.
FENTON.
Well, I shall see her to-day. Hold, there's money for thee; let me have thy
voice in my behalf: if thou seest her before me, commend me.
QUICKLY.
Will I? i' faith, that we will; and I will tell your worship more of the wart the
next time we have confidence; and of other wooers.

Korean
behalf: 위하여, 이익. 웃다, 경치 따위가 유쾌한 듯이 이름답게 하다, 예쁘장한, 예쁘장하게
bread: 생계, 빵, 양식, 돈, 주식물, 소리내어 웃다, 물 따위가 유쾌한 하다, 상당히.
먹을것, 고용주, 주인, 현금, 에 듯이 소리내어 웃다, 소리를 내어 suit: 형편이 좋다, 청원, 소송, 한 벌,
빵가루를 묻히다. 웃다, 웃어서 이르게 하다. 적합하다, 탄원, 구애, 적합하게 하다,
commend: 추천하다, 칭찬하다, musing: 생각에 잠긴. 에 어울리다, 남하는 대로 하다, 의
권하다, 기리다, 맡기다, 위탁하다. praise: 칭찬, 찬미, 칭찬하다, 마음에 들다.
detest: 미워하다, 싫어하다, 혐오하다. 숭배하다, 칭찬할 만한 사람, 칭찬할 sworn: 맹세한, 선서한.
dost: 직설법, 현재. 만한 물건, 신을 숭배하다, 찬미하다, thereby: 그 때문에, 그것에 의해서,
laugh: 웃다, 웃음, 흥겨워하다, 찬양하다, 찬양, 신을 찬미하다. 그것에 의하여, 그것에 관하여, 그
시키다, 조모하다, 웃으며 ...하다, pretty: 예쁜, 상당한, 귀여운, 매우, 근처에.
곡식 따위가 유쾌한 듯이 소리내어 아름다운, 유복하여, 귀여운 아이, wart: 사마귀, 옹이.
28 The Merry Wives of Windsor

FENTON.
Well, farewell; I am in great haste now.%
QUICKLY.
Farewell to your worship.--[Exit FENTON.] Truly, an honest gentleman; but
Anne loves him not; for I know Anne's mind as well as another does. Out
upon 't, what have I forgot?
[Exit.]

Korean
farewell: 안녕, 고별, 작별의 인사, loves: 사랑.
작별의인사, 작별 인사를 하다, 작별.
gentleman: 남자분, 신사, 모험가,
종복, 협잡꾼, 지체높은사람, 수입이
있지만 직업이 없는남자, 남자용
변소, 남자, 유한계급, 그 남자.
haste: 서두름, 급속, 재촉하다,
서두르다, 서두르게 하다, 성급, 급함.
honest: 정직한, 섞지않은, 성실한,
진짜의, 평판이 좋은, 거짓이 없는,
기특한.
 William Shakespeare 29

ACT %II

SCENE I. BEFORE PAGE'S HOUSE

[Enter MISTRESS PAGE, with a letter.]

MRS. PAGE.
What! have I scaped love-letters in the holiday-time of my beauty, and am I
now a subject for them? Let me see.
[Reads.]
'Ask me no reason why I love you; for though Love use Reason for his
precisian, he admits him not for his counsellor. You are not young, no more
am I; go to, then, there's sympathy: you are merry, so am I; ha! ha! then
there's more sympathy; you love sack, and so do I; would you desire better
sympathy? Let it suffice thee, Mistress Page, at the least, if the love of soldier
can suffice, that I love thee. I will not say, pity me: 'tis not a soldier-like
phrase; but I say, Love me.
By me,
Thine own true knight,
By day or night,
Or any kind of light,
With all his might,

Korean
beauty: 아름다움, 미, 아름다운 것, merry: 즐거운, 명랑한, 유쾌한, 큰 자루, 퇴짜.
미인, 터무니 없는 것, 좋은 점, 거나한, 흥겨운, 거나하게 취한 soldier: 용사, 군대에 복무하다, 군인,
아름다운 동물, 미관, 아름다운것, 기분의. 꾀부리다, 전사, 빤들거리다, 사병,
미점, 미인들. pity: 동정, 연민, 애석한 일, 가엾게 용병, 군인이 되다, 훈제 청어, 병사.
counsellor: 고문관, 평의원, 시의 여기다, 유감의 원인-가엾게 여기다, suffice: 에 충분하다, 충분하다,
의원, 참사관, 법정 변호사, 상담역. 가엾게 생각하다, 불쌍히 생각하다, 만족시키다, 족하다.
ha: 하아, 허어, 하하, 하아! 라고 불쌍함. sympathy: 동정, 공명, 교감, 동조,
말하다, 아하하 웃다, 어머, 하아라고 precisian: 딱딱한 사람, 까다로운 연민, 일치, 조화, 찬성, 동의, 동감,
말하다. 사람, 꼼꼼한 사람, 현학자. 감웅성.
least: 하다못해, 가장적게, 최소, 가장 sack: 약탈, 마대, 약탈하다, 해고,
적게, 가장 작은. 잠자리, 주머니 부대, 부대, 침낭, 누,
30 The Merry Wives of Windsor

For thee to fight,

JOHN FALSTAFF.'
What a Herod of Jewry is this! O wicked, wicked world! One that is well-
nigh worn to pieces with age to show himself a young gallant. What an
unweighed behaviour hath this Flemish drunkard picked, with the devil's
name! out of my conversation, that he dares in this manner assay me? Why,
he hath not been thrice in my company! What should I say to him? I was then
frugal of my mirth:--Heaven forgive me! Why, I'll exhibit a bill in the
parliament for the putting down of men. How shall I be revenged on him? for
revenged I will be, as sure as his guts are made of puddings.%
[Enter MISTRESS FORD.]
MRS. FORD.
Mistress Page! trust me, I was going to your house.
MRS. PAGE.
And, trust me, I was coming to you. You look very ill.
MRS. FORD.
Nay, I'll ne'er believe that; I have to show to the contrary.
MRS. PAGE.
Faith, but you do, in my mind.
MRS. FORD.
Well, I do, then; yet, I say, I could show you to the contrary.
O, Mistress Page! give me some counsel.
MRS. PAGE.
What's the matter, woman?
MRS. FORD.
O woman, if it were not for one trifling respect, I could come to such honour!
MRS. PAGE.
Hang the trifle, woman; take the honour. What is it?--Dispense with trifles;--
what is it?

Korean
assay: 시금하다, 시금, 시험, 분석물, 나타내다, 투약하다, 출품물, 실없는 짓을 하다, 가지고 장난하다,
분석하다, 분석, 시험하다, 평가하다, 공개하다, 진열하다, 증거물, 전시, 만지작 거리다, 사소한일, 소홀히
분석의 결과 함유함을 나타내다, 보이다, 투약하다-전시. 하다, 실떡거리다, 약간, 하찮은일.
시도하다, 분석의 결과 얼마를 frugal: 검소한, 알뜰한, 절약하는. trifling: 하찮은, 경박한, 시시한,
함유함을 나타내다. gallant: 화려한, 용감한, 여성에게 사소한, 게으른.
contrary: 반대의, 심술궂은, 상반하는 친절한, 훌륭한, 용감한 사람, 정부, well-nigh: 거의.
사물, 정반대, 반대로, 거꾸로, 역, 정중한 말씨, 당당한, 상냥한 남자, wicked: 심술궂은, 사악한, 나쁜,
불리한, 거꾸로의, 반대명제, 여성에게 친절한 남자, 여성에게 버릇이 나쁜, 위험한, 장난이 심한,
외고집의. 친절함. 불쾌한, 장난기 있는, 우수한.
drunkard: 술고래. thrice: 매우, 세번, 세 번, 몇 번이고. worn: 녹초가 된, 낡아 빠진,
exhibit: 출품하다, 제시하다, trifle: 소량, 낭비하다, 트라이플, 닳아빠진.
 William Shakespeare 31

MRS. FORD.
If I would but go to hell for an eternal moment or so, I could be knighted.%
MRS. PAGE.
What? thou liest. Sir Alice Ford! These knights will hack; and so thou
shouldst not alter the article of thy gentry.
MRS. FORD.
We burn daylight: here, read, read; perceive how I might be knighted. I shall
think the worse of fat men as long as I have an eye to make difference of
men's liking: and yet he would not swear; praised women's modesty; and
gave such orderly and well-behaved reproof to all uncomeliness that I would
have sworn his disposition would have gone to the truth of his words; but
they do no more adhere and keep place together than the Hundredth Psalm
to the tune of 'Greensleeves.' What tempest, I trow, threw this whale, with so
many tuns of oil in his belly, ashore at Windsor? How shall I be revenged on
him? I think the best way were to entertain him with hope, till the wicked fire
of lust have melted him in his own grease. Did you ever hear the like?
MRS. PAGE.
Letter for letter, but that the name of Page and Ford differs. To thy great
comfort in this mystery of ill opinions, here's the twin-brother of thy letter;
but let thine inherit first, for, I protest, mine never shall. I warrant he hath a
thousand of these letters, writ with blank space for different names, sure,
more, and these are of the second edition. He will print them, out of doubt;
for he cares not what he puts into the press, when he would put us two: I had
rather be a giantess and lie under Mount Pelion. Well, I will find you twenty
lascivious turtles ere one chaste man.
MRS. FORD.
Why, this is the very same; the very hand, the very words. What doth he
think of us?
MRS. PAGE.
Nay, I know not; it makes me almost ready to wrangle with mine own
honesty. I'll entertain myself like one that I am not acquainted withal; for,
Korean
acquainted: 사귀게 된, 안면이 있는, hack: 잘게 썰다, 고용된, 자르다, 말, 의 교정쇄를 다시 내다, 책망.
정통한, 친한. 난도질하다, 택시, 삯말을 타다, 삯말, tempest: 대소동, 사나운비바람,
adhere: 들러붙다, 집착하다, 신념을 승용말, 써서 낡게 한, 쳐서 자르다, 폭풍우, 대폭풍우, 대폭설, 몹시
굳게 지키다, 접착하다, 부착하다, 파서 헤치다. 사나워지게 하다.
가맹하다. lascivious: 음탕한, 선정적인. thine: 너의 것.
chaste: 순결한, 정숙한, 품위 있는, liking: 기호, 좋아함. well-behaved: 품행이 단정한, 행실이
난잡하지 않은, 고아한, 담박한, melted: 곤드레만드레 취한. 단정한.
세련된, 수수한, 순수한, 점잖은, modesty: 겸양, 수줍음, 정숙, wrangle: 말다툼하다, 논쟁하다,
간소한. 조심스러움, 겸손. 말다툼, 목장에서 보살피다,
ere: 하기 전에, 오히려. reproof: 비난, 질책, 잔소리, 견책, 설복하다, 목장에서 보살피다, 논쟁,
giantess: 여자 거인. 꾸지람, 다시 방수가공하다, 비난의 돌보다.
32 The Merry Wives of Windsor

sure, unless he know some strain in me that I know not myself, he would
never have boarded me in this fury.%
MRS. FORD.
'Boarding' call you it? I'll be sure to keep him above deck.
MRS. PAGE.
So will I; if he come under my hatches, I'll never to sea again. Let's be
revenged on him; let's appoint him a meeting, give him a show of comfort in
his suit, and lead him on with a fine-baited delay, till he hath pawned his
horses to mine host of the Garter.
MRS. FORD.
Nay, I will consent to act any villainy against him that may not sully the
chariness of our honesty. O, that my husband saw this letter! It would give
eternal food to his jealousy.
MRS. PAGE.
Why, look where he comes; and my good man too: he's as far from jealousy
as I am from giving him cause; and that, I hope, is an unmeasurable distance.
MRS. FORD.
You are the happier woman.
MRS. PAGE.
Let's consult together against this greasy knight. Come hither.
[They retire.]
[Enter FORD, PISTOL, and PAGE and NYM.]
FORD.
Well, I hope it be not so.
PISTOL.
Hope is a curtal dog in some affairs:
Sir John affects thy wife.
FORD.
Why, sir, my wife is not young.

Korean
appoint: 귀속을 정하다, 임명하다, deck: 갑판, 단장하다, 꾸미다, 평평한 기름 바른.
지명하다, 지정하다, 비품을 갖추다, 지붕, 갑판을 깔다, 지면, 갑판에 hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로,
설비를 갖추다, 임명권을 행사하다, 나와서, 지면-갑판을 깔다, 다음 여기에.
정하다, 지명권을 행사하다, 명하다. 타자가 되어, 준비되어, 전투 준비를 jealousy: 경계심, 샘, 질투, 시기, 빈틈
chariness: 조심스러움, 아까워 함, 하다. 없는 배려.
조심성. eternal: 영원한, 영구한, 끝없는, sully: 더럽히다, 오점, 손상하다, 더럼,
consult: 고려하다, 상의하다, 평상시의, 예의, 불멸의, 변함없는, 더러워지다.
참고하다, 찾다, 의견을 묻다, 영원한 것, 하느님. unmeasurable: 과도의, 극도의,
조사하다, 의견을 듣다, 상담하다, greasy: 알랑거리는, 진창의, 헤아릴수 없는.
진찰을 받다, 의논하다, 컨설턴트 미끈미끈한, 기름을 바른, 기름기 villainy: 극악, 나쁜 짓, 악랄한 수단,
직을 맡다. 많은, 기름투성이의, 번질번질한, 악행.
 William Shakespeare 33

PISTOL.
He woos both high and low, both rich and poor,
Both young and old, one with another, Ford;
He loves the gallimaufry. Ford, perpend.%
FORD.
Love my wife!
PISTOL.
With liver burning hot: prevent, or go thou,
Like Sir Actaeon he, with Ringwood at thy heels.--
O! odious is the name!
FORD.
What name, sir?
PISTOL.
The horn, I say. Farewell:
Take heed; have open eye, for thieves do foot by night;
Take heed, ere summer comes, or cuckoo birds do sing.
Away, Sir Corporal Nym.
Believe it, Page; he speaks sense.
[Exit PISTOL.]
FORD.
[Aside]
I will be patient: I will find out this.
NYM.
[To PAGE]
And this is true; I like not the humour of lying. He hath wronged me in some
humours: I should have borne the humoured letter to her; but I have a
sword, and it shall bite upon my necessity. He loves your wife; there's the
short and the long. My name is Corporal Nym; I speak, and I avouch 'tis true.
My name is Nym, and Falstaff loves your wife. Adieu. I love not the humour
of bread and cheese; and there's the humour of it. Adieu.

Korean
avouch: 보증하다, 자백하다, 단조롭게 되풀이 하다, 의식을 잃은, liver: 생활자, 거주자, 간장, 적갈색,
공언하다, 단언하다, 확언하다, 정신이 아찔한, 정신이 돈. 간, 사는 사람, 닭 따위의 간, 돼지
인정하다, 자인하다, 진실이라고 gallimaufry: 잡탕, 잡동사니, 고기 따위의 간, 송아지 따위의 간, 의
단언하다, 진실이라고 언명하다. 스튜, 주워 모은 것, 주워모은 것, 생활을 하는 사람, 간장 색깔.
bite: 물다, 부식하다, 물어뜯다, 물린 주위 모은 것. necessity: 필수품, 궁핍, 필요, 필요성,
상처, 스미다, 한 입, 한 번 묾, 살을 heed: 주의, 조심, 조심하다, 유의하다, 필연, 필요물, 불가피, 긴급한 필요,
에다, 깨물다, 열중시키다, 상하게 주의하다. 궁상, 궁경, 불가결한 것.
하다. horn: 뿔, 촉각, 촉수, 뿔제품, 뿔이 odious: 싫은, 밉살스러운, 증오해야
borne: 시야가 좁은, 마음이 좁은. 나다, 뿔로 받다, 주제넘게 나서다, 에 할, 추악한.
cuckoo: 얼간이, 뻐꾸기, 뻐꾹뻐꾹 뿔이 나게 하다, 쑥 나온 끝, 양도 thieves: 도둑.
울다, 미친, 바보, 멍청이, 뻐꾹, 논법의 뿔, 각제품. wife: 여자, 처, 아내, 부인.
34 The Merry Wives of Windsor

[Exit NYM.]
PAGE.
[Aside.]
'The humour of it,' quoth 'a! Here's a fellow frights
English out of his wits.%
FORD.
I will seek out Falstaff.
PAGE.
I never heard such a drawling, affecting rogue.
FORD.
If I do find it: well.
PAGE.
I will not believe such a Cataian, though the priest o' the town commended
him for a true man.
FORD.
'Twas a good sensible fellow: well.
PAGE.
How now, Meg!
MRS. PAGE.
Whither go you, George?--Hark you.
MRS. FORD.
How now, sweet Frank! why art thou melancholy?
FORD.
I melancholy! I am not melancholy. Get you home, go.
MRS. FORD.
Faith, thou hast some crotchets in thy head now. Will you go,
Mistress Page?

Korean
affecting: 감동시키는, 감동적인, quoth: 말하였다, 언제나 sensible: 분별 있는, 현명한, 지각할
애절한, 애처로운, 가련한. 주어앞에놓음, 언제나 주어에놓음. 수 있는, 알아채고, 알아챈, 느낄 수
art: 예술, 인공, 기능, 미숙 기술, 교양 rogue: 장난꾸러기, 개구쟁이, 악한, 있는, 느끼기 쉬운, 감각의,
과목, 과목, 기교, 숙련-기교를 악당, 부랑자, 개주쟁이, 녀석, 신용본위의, 눈에 띌 정도의.
가하다, 직설법 현재, 숙련, 기교를 무리에서 따로 떨어진 동물, 불한당, town: 읍, 시민, 읍민, 지방의 중심지,
가하다. 장난 꾸러기, 야생 동물이 무리에서 근처의 주요도시, 소도시, 상가,
drawling: 뜸직뜸직한, 느리게 질질 떨어져나와 광포한. 번화가, 성시, 도시의.
끄는, 우물쭈물하는. seek: 찾다, 와의 교제를바라다, true: 진실로, 진짜의, 성실한, 정확한,
hast: 단수. 탐구하다, 구하다, 에 가다, 정확한 상태, 틀림없는, 바르게
o: 오, ㅇ자형, 알파벳 15번째의 문자, 하고자하다, 추구하다, 수색하다, 맞추다, 진실, 정확히, 번치 않는,
ㅇ자형의 것, ㅇ형. 노력하다, 얻으려 하다, 탐색하다. 참다운.
 William Shakespeare 35

MRS. PAGE.
Have with you. You'll come to dinner, George? [Aside to MRS. FORD] Look
who comes yonder: she shall be our messenger to this paltry knight.%
MRS. FORD.
[Aside to MRS. PAGE]
Trust me, I thought on her: she'll fit it.
[Enter MISTRESS QUICKLY.]
MRS. PAGE.
You are come to see my daughter Anne?
QUICKLY.
Ay, forsooth; and, I pray, how does good Mistress Anne?
MRS. PAGE.
Go in with us and see; we'd have an hour's talk with you.
[Exeunt MISTRESS PAGE, MISTRESS FORD, and MISTRESS QUICKLY.]
PAGE.
How now, Master Ford!
FORD.
You heard what this knave told me, did you not?
PAGE.
Yes; and you heard what the other told me?
FORD.
Do you think there is truth in them?
PAGE.
Hang 'em, slaves! I do not think the knight would offer it; but these that
accuse him in his intent towards our wives are a yoke of his discarded men;
very rogues, now they be out of service.
FORD.
Were they his men?

Korean
accuse: 고발하다, 고소하다, 비난하다, intent: 의미, 의지, 열심인, 취지, 목적, paltry: 하찮은, 무가치한, 얼마 안
책하다. 의향, 사실상, 열중하여, 집중된, 되는, 보잘 것없는.
aside: 떨어져서-방백, 옆에, 떼어서, 여념이 없는, 여념없는. talk: 말하다, 지껄이다, 의논하다,
독백, 곁으로, 곁에, 방백, 별도로 messenger: 심부름꾼, 선구, 연줄에 소문, 객담, 이야기, 담화, 언어, 빈말,
하고, 생각하지 않고, 따로 두고. 달아 바람에 울게 하는 종이, 전조, 방언, 말투.
fit: 적합, 적당한, 준비시키다, 건강한, 사자. wives: 부인들.
꼭 맞다, 만듦새, 조달하다, 알맞은, mrs: 여사, 부인, 님. yoke: 멍에, 멜대, 어깨, 한쌍의 가축,
수험 준비를 하다, 격발, 이야기의 한 offer: 나타나다, 제공하다, 제공, 허리, 지배, 어울리다, 멍에문, 함께
구절. 팔려고 내놓다, 꾀하다, 시도하다, 일하다, 결합시키다, 이음목.
ford: 여울, 걸어서 건너다, 여울을 신청, 신청하다, 구혼하다, 헌납, yonder: 저기에, 저쪽, 훨씬 저쪽의,
건너다, 포드, 포드형 자동차, 시내. 제언. 저곳에, 저곳에의.
36 The Merry Wives of Windsor

PAGE.
Marry, were they.%
FORD.
I like it never the better for that. Does he lie at the Garter?
PAGE.
Ay, marry, does he. If he should intend this voyage toward my wife, I would
turn her loose to him; and what he gets more of her than sharp words, let it
lie on my head.
FORD.
I do not misdoubt my wife; but I would be loath to turn them together. A
man may be too confident. I would have nothing 'lie on my head': I cannot be
thus satisfied.
PAGE.
Look where my ranting host of the Garter comes. There is either liquor in his
pate or money in his purse when he looks so merrily.
[Enter HOST and SHALLOW.]
How now, mine host!
HOST.
How now, bully-rook! Thou'rt a gentleman. Cavaliero-justice, I say!
SHALLOW.
I follow, mine host, I follow. Good even and twenty, good Master Page!
Master Page, will you go with us? We have sport in hand.
HOST.
Tell him, cavaliero-justice; tell him, bully-rook.
SHALLOW.
Sir, there is a fray to be fought between Sir Hugh the Welsh priest and Caius
the French doctor.
FORD.
Good mine host o' the Garter, a word with you.

Korean
confident: 자부심이 강한, 대담한, liquor: 알코올 음료, 술, 술을 많이 sharp: 날카로운, 활발한, 교활한,
막역한 벗, 확신하고, 자신 만만한, 먹이다, 물약, 용액에 담그다, 독주를 갑자기, 날카롭게, 무성음의, 반음
확신하여, 친구, 자신있는, 자신을 마시게 하다, 독주를 많이 마시다, 높은, 드높은, 빠른, 새된, 선명한.
가진, 독단적인, 확신하고 있는. 분비액. toward: 에 대하여, 을 위하여, 가까이,
fray: 풀다, 해지다, 다툼, 닳아 빠지게 loath: 꺼려서, 싫어하여, 싫은. 온순한, 으로의, 의 쪽으로, 무렵,
하다, 문지르다, 떠들 썩 한 싸움, merrily: 즐겁게, 명랑하게, 흥겹게. 쪽으로, 바야흐로 일어나려는, 에
마모되다, 해어지다, 싸움, 풀리다, misdoubt: 의심하다, 의심, 수상쩍게 가까이, 전도 유망한.
소모시키다. 여기다, 미심쩍은 생각, voyage: 항해, 항해하다, 바다를
lie: 거짓말, 방향, 눕다, 위치, 있다, 밋ㅁ쩍어하다. 건너가다, 건너 지르다, 여행기.
기대다, 향, 거짓말하다, 통해 있다, pate: 머리, 두뇌, 머리의.
사기, 소굴. satisfied: 만족한, 흡족한.
 William Shakespeare 37

HOST.
What say'st thou, my bully-rook?
[They go aside.]
SHALLOW.
[To PAGE.]
Will you go with us to behold it? My merry host hath had the measuring of
their weapons; and, I think, hath appointed them contrary places; for, believe
me, I hear the parson is no jester. Hark, I will tell you what our sport shall be.

[They converse apart.]

HOST.
Hast thou no suit against my knight, my guest-cavaliero?
FORD.
None, I protest: but I'll give you a pottle of burnt sack to give me recourse to
him, and tell him my name is Brook, only for a jest.%
HOST.
My hand, bully; thou shalt have egress and regress; said I well? and thy
name shall be Brook. It is a merry knight. Will you go, mynheers?
SHALLOW.
Have with you, mine host.
PAGE.
I have heard the Frenchman hath good skill in his rapier.
SHALLOW.
Tut, sir! I could have told you more. In these times you stand on distance,
your passes, stoccadoes, and I know not what: 'tis the heart, Master Page; 'tis
here, 'tis here. I have seen the time with my long sword I would have made
you four tall fellows skip like rats.
HOST.
Here, boys, here, here! Shall we wag?

Korean
behold: 보다. egress: 출구, 외출, 밖으로 나감, 의지하는 것, 상환 청구, 을 사용하다,
bully: 훌륭한, 약자를괴롭히는자, 배출구, 재현, 출현, 밖으로 나갈 수 의존함, 상환청구권.
위협하다, 통조림쇠고기, 마구 있는 권리, 밖으로 나가기, 밖으로 regress: 퇴보, 퇴보하다, 역행,
뻐기다, 약한 자를 괴롭히는 사람, 나가다. 복귀하다, 복귀, 되돌아감, 후퇴,
뚜쟁이, 통조림한 쇠고기, 골리다, hark: 듣다, 경청하다. 복귀권, 귀환, 되돌아가다, 회귀하다.
심술꾼, 시합을 개시하다. jester: 익살꾼, 조방구니, 광대, skill: 솜씨, 술련, 교묘, 문제가 되다,
burnt: 불에 덴, 탄. 농담하는 사람. 숙련, 이해하다, 기능.
converse: 담화, 교제, 반대, 뒤바뀐, pottle: 액량의 이름, 반 갈론의 술, skip: 빠뜨리다, 급히 떠나다, 거르다,
전환 명제, 친하게 사귀다, 함께 작은 과일 바구니, 일포틀의 포도주, 뛰어다니다, 가볍게 뛰다, 도약,
이야기하다, 역, 거꾸로의, 일포틀의 술, 포틀. 뛰놀다, 뛰다, 건너뜀, 건너 뛰다,
이야기하다, 회화. recourse: 의지, 상환청구, 의뢰, 스쳐가다.
38 The Merry Wives of Windsor

PAGE.
Have with you. I had rather hear them scold than fight.%
[Exeunt HOST, SHALLOW, and PAGE.]
FORD.
Though Page be a secure fool, and stands so firmly on his wife's frailty, yet I
cannot put off my opinion so easily. She was in his company at Page's house,
and what they made there I know not. Well, I will look further into 't; and I
have a disguise to sound Falstaff. If I find her honest, I lose not my labour; if
she be otherwise, 'tis labour well bestowed.
[Exit.]

SCENE 2. A ROOM IN THE GARTER INN.

[Enter FALSTAFF and PISTOL.]

FALSTAFF.
I will not lend thee a penny.
PISTOL.
Why then, the world's mine oyster,
Which I with sword will open.
I will retort the sum in equipage.
FALSTAFF.
Not a penny. I have been content, sir, you should lay my countenance to
pawn; I have grated upon my good friends for three reprieves for you and
your coach-fellow, Nym; or else you had looked through the grate, like a
geminy of baboons. I am damned in hell for swearing to gentlemen my
friends you were good soldiers and tall fellows; and when Mistress Bridget
lost the handle of her fan, I took 't upon mine honour thou hadst it not.
PISTOL.
Didst not thou share? Hadst thou not fifteen pence?

Korean
countenance: 원조, 장려하다, 호의를 마차, 마부따위의한갖춤, 장비, 남의 끄나불 짓하는 사람, 남의
보이다, 침착, 표정, 승인하다, 장신구 한 벌, 가정 용품 한 벌. 끄나불 짖하는 사람, 저당잡히다,
허용하다, 찬조, 찬성하다, 찬성, fifteen: 십오, 열 다섯. 걸고 맹세하다, 담보, 동산의 담보,
지지. frailty: 무름, 약점, 단점, 여림, 약함, 명예를 걸고 맹세하다.
damned: 저주받은, 지겨운, 지독히, 연약, 과실. retort: 레토르트, 역습, 보복하다,
넌더리나는. grate: 갈다, 삐걱거리다, 삐걱거리게 대꾸하다, 레토르트로 건류하다,
disguise: 속이다, 거짓꾸밈, 변장하다, 하다, 쇠살판, 화상, 불쾌감을 주다, 말대꾸하다, 반박하다, 역습하다,
구실, 거짓 꾸미다, 가장복, 변장, 서로 갈리다, 으깨어 빻다, 에 증류기, 보복, 말대꾸.
감추다-변장, 감추다, 변장시키다, 쇠창살을 대다, 쇠격자, 거슬리다. scold: 꾸짖다, 앵앵거리다,
변신. grated: 일반용의. 잔소리하다, 잔소리꾼.
equipage: 용구일습, 마차 장비 일체, pawn: 졸, 걸다, 저당, 전당잡히다, swearing: 서약, 욕을 퍼붓기.
 William Shakespeare 39

FALSTAFF.
Reason, you rogue, reason. Thinkest thou I'll endanger my soul gratis? At a
word, hang no more about me, I am no gibbet for you: go: a short knife and a
throng!--to your manor of Picht-hatch! go. You'll not bear a letter for me, you
rogue!--you stand upon your honour!--Why, thou unconfinable baseness, it
is as much as I can do to keep the terms of my honour precise. I, I, I myself
sometimes, leaving the fear of God on the left hand, and hiding mine honour
in my necessity, am fain to shuffle, to hedge, and to lurch; and yet you,
rogue, will ensconce your rags, your cat-a-mountain looks, your red-lattice
phrases, and your bold-beating oaths, under the shelter of your honour! You
will not do it, you!
PISTOL.
I do relent; what wouldst thou more of man?
[Enter ROBIN.]
ROBIN.
Sir, here's a woman would speak with you.%
FALSTAFF.
Let her approach.
[Enter MISTRESS QUICKLY.]
QUICKLY.
Give your worship good morrow.
FALSTAFF.
Good morrow, good wife.
QUICKLY.
Not so, an't please your worship.
FALSTAFF.
Good maid, then.
QUICKLY.
I'll be sworn; As my mother was, the first hour I was born.

Korean
baseness: 천함, 서출, 치사함, 속팀, 망신주다, 교수대에 매달다. morrow: 아침, 이튿날, 직후.
열등, 조악, 하등, 비열, 가짜. gratis: 무료로. phrases: 실없는 말.
endanger: 위태롭게하다, 위험에 hiding: 매질, 은닉, 은닉처, 은신처, rags: 누더기.
빠뜨리다. 후려갈김, 숨김, 숨는 곳. relent: 누그러지다, 마음이
ensconce: 안치하다, 숨기다, lurch: 비틀거림, 경향, 경사, 대패, 차 누그러지다, 마음이 부드러워지다,
몸을편히앉히다, 감추다, 편히 따위가 갑자기 기울기, 상대를 러치로 측은하게 생각하다, 가엾게 여기다,
앉히다. 이기다, 배 따위가 갑자기 기울기, 상냥해지다.
fain: 기꺼이, 하고 싶어하는, 쾌히, 궁상, 갑자기 기울기, 러치로 이기다, shuffle: 속이다, 뒤섞다, 섞어서 떼다,
하기를 바라는, 하고싶은, 이고싶은, 갑자기 기울다. 벗다, 이리저리 움직이다, 발을 질질
부득이, 기꺼이 하는, 기꺼이..하는. manor: 장원, 영지, 영국 봉건시대의 끌다, 발을 질질 끄는 걸음, 발끌기,
gibbet: 교수대, 교수형에 처하다, 장원. 움직이다, 뒤섞음, 걸치다.
40 The Merry Wives of Windsor

FALSTAFF.
I do believe the swearer. What with me?
QUICKLY.
Shall I vouchsafe your worship a word or two?
FALSTAFF.
Two thousand, fair woman; and I'll vouchsafe thee the hearing.%
QUICKLY.
There is one Mistress Ford, sir,--I pray, come a little nearer this ways:--I
myself dwell with Master Doctor Caius.
FALSTAFF.
Well, on: Mistress Ford, you say,--
QUICKLY.
Your worship says very true;--I pray your worship come a little nearer this
ways.
FALSTAFF.
I warrant thee nobody hears--mine own people, mine own people.
QUICKLY.
Are they so? God bless them, and make them His servants!
FALSTAFF.
Well: Mistress Ford, what of her?
QUICKLY.
Why, sir, she's a good creature. Lord, Lord! your worship's a wanton!
Well, heaven forgive you, and all of us, I pray.
FALSTAFF.
Mistress Ford; come, Mistress Ford--
QUICKLY.
Marry, this is the short and the long of it. You have brought her into such a
canaries as 'tis wonderful: the best courtier of them all, when the court lay at
Windsor, could never have brought her to such a canary; yet there has been

Korean
bless: 찬미하다, 정화하다, 수호하다, 소산, 녀석, 사람, 가공의 동물, 지배 것, 기뢰, 나의 가족들 광산, 철광,
은총을 내리다, 신성케 하다, 당하는 자, 여자, 부하. 보고, 광갱, 비밀수단으로 파괴하다,
찬양하다, 축복하다, 신을 찬양하다, dwell: 살다, 거주하다, 곰곰이 비밀수단으로 뒤엎다.
신을 하다, 은혜를 베풀다, 저주하다. 생각하다, 천천히발음하다, 천천히 nobody: 아무도 ... 않다, 하찮은 사람,
canary: 카나리아, 밀고자, 카나리아 발음하다, 길게논하다, 무명인, 보잘것 없는 사람,
빛, 여자가수, 카나리아 제도산의 곰곰이생각하다, 길게 논하다, 보잘것없는 사람.
백포도주, 가수, 카나리아 빛의, 여자, 머무르다, 발을 올리는 것이 더디다. swearer: 선서하는 사람, 욕하는 사람.
동료를 파는 범인, 카나리아빛, forgive: 용서하다, 삭치다, vouchsafe: 주다, 내리다, 해 주시다,
카나리아제도산의. 빚을탕감하다, 빚을 탕감하다, 허용하다, 허락하다.
courtier: 알랑쇠, 조신, 아첨꾼, 정신. 면제하다, 삭히다, 관대히 봐주다. wonderful: 이상한, 놀라운, 굉장한,
creature: 생물, 창조물, 인간, 노예, mine: 광산, 풍부한 자원, 지뢰, 나의 훌륭한.
 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
 CHAPTER X

SEA-WORMS AND SEA-ANEMONES

L
ET us now leave the beach-pebbles and go down on to the rocks at
low tide in order to see some of the living curiosities of the
seashore. There are some seaside resorts where, when the tide goes
down, nothing is exposed but a vast acreage of smooth sand, and
here the naturalist must content himself with such spoils as may be
procured by the aid of a shrimping-net and a spade. Wading in the
shallow water and using his net, he will catch, not only the true
"brown shrimp," but other shrimp-like creatures, known as
"crustacea"—a group which includes also the lobsters, hermit-crabs,
true crabs, and sand-hoppers, as well as an immense variety of
almost microscopic water-fleas.
He will also probably catch some of the stiff, queer little "pipe-fish,"
which are closely related to the little creatures known as "sea-
horses." Pipe-fish are very sluggish in movement, almost immobile,
whilst the "sea-horse" or hippocampus—only to be taken by the
dredge amongst corallines in deep water on rocky bottoms (as, for
instance, in the Channel Islands)—goes so far as to curl his tail, like a
South American monkey, round a stem of weed and sit thus upright
amidst the vegetation. Even when disturbed he merely swims very
slowly and with much dignity in the same upright position, gently
propelled by the undulating vibratory movement of his small dorsal
fin. The male in both pipe-fish and sea-horses is provided with a sac-
like structure on the ventral surface in which he carries the eggs laid
by the female until they are hatched.
 Fig. 4.—British Marine Worms or Chætopods.

a, Arenicola piscatorum. Lug-worm largely used for bait by sea-fishermen. It

burrows in sea-sand and clay as the earth-worm does in soil. Half the natural
size, linear.
b, Nephthys margaritacea, actively swimming. It also burrows in the sea-sand.
Natural size.
c, Eunice sanguinea, a very handsome marine worm (often used for bait)
which lives in clefts in the submarine rocks and also swims actively. The
numerous filaments on the sides of the ringed body are the gills of a rich
blood-colour. The figure is one-third of the natural size, linear.

The shrimper will probably catch also some very young fish fry—
including young flat-fish about 2 inches long. If he explores the
exposed surface of sand near the low-tide limit, he will find a variety
of indications of burrowing animals hidden beneath. Little coiled
masses like the "castings" of earth-worms are very abundant in
places, and are produced by the fisherman's sand-worm, or "lug-
worm" (Fig. 4, a). A vigorous digging to the depth of a foot or two
will reveal the worm itself, which is worth bringing home in a jar of
sea-water in order to see the beautiful tufts of branched gills on the
sides of the body, which expand and contract with the flow of bright
red blood showing through their delicate walls. Other sand-worms,
from 2 to 6 inches long, will at the same time be turned up,—worms
which have some hundred or more pairs of vibrating legs, or paddles,
arranged down the sides of the body, and swim with a most graceful,
serpentine curving of the mobile body (Fig. 4, b). These sea-worms
are but little known to most people, although they are amongst the
most beautifully coloured and graceful of marine animals. Hundreds
of different kinds have been distinguished and described and pictured
in their natural colours. Each leg is provided with a bundle of bristles
of remarkable shapes, resembling, when seen under a microscope,
the serrated spears of South Sea Islanders and mediaeval warriors.
These worms usually have (like the common earth-worm) red blood
and delicate networks of blood-vessels and gills (Fig. 4, c), whilst the
head is often provided with eyes and feelers. They possess a brain
and a nerve-cord like our spinal cord, and from the mouth many of
them can suddenly protrude an unexpected muscular proboscis
armed with sharp, horny jaws, the bite of which is not to be despised.
These "bristle-worms," or "chætopods," as they are termed by
zoologists, are well worth bringing home and observing in a shallow
basin holding some clean sea-water.
At many spots on our coast (e.g. Sandown, in the Isle of Wight, and
the Channel Islands) rapid digging in the sand at the lowest tides will
result in the capture of sand-eels, a bigger and a smaller kind, from 1
foot to 6 inches in length. These are eel-shaped, silvery fish, which
swim near the shore, but burrow into the soft sand as the tide
recedes. They are excellent eating. We used at Sandown to make up
a party of young people to dig the smaller "sand-eels," or "sand-
launce." The agility and rapid disappearance of the burrowing fish
into the sand when one thought one had safely dug them out,
rendered the pursuit difficult and exciting. Then a wood fire on the
beach, a frying-pan, fat, flour, and salt were brought into operation,
and the sand-eels were cooked to perfection and eaten.
Some of the marks or small heaps of sand on the flats exposed at low
tide are characteristic of certain shell-fish. The "razor-fish" (Fig. 19, b)
 —a very much elongated clam, or mussel,
with astonishing powers of rapid
burrowing—leaves a hole on the surface
like a keyhole, about an inch long. It can
be dug up by an energetic spadesman,
but a spoonful of common salt poured
over the opening of its burrow will cause it
to suddenly shoot out on to the surface,
when it may be picked up, and the hunter
spared any violent exertion. The curious
heart-urchin (Fig. 5), as fragile as an egg-
Fig. 5.—The shell of the shell, and covered with long, closely-set
Heart-urchin (Spatangus spines like a brush, is often to be found
purpureus) with its burrowing in the sand, as well as the
spines rubbed off.
One-fourth the actual transparent, pink-coloured worm known as
diameter. Synapta, in the skin of which are set
thousands of minute calcareous anchors
hinged to little sculptured plates. These
burrowers swallow the sand and extract nutriment from stray organic
particles mixed in it.
The mere sand-flat of the low tide is not a bad hunting ground; but
the rock pools, often exposed when the tide is out, and the fissures in
the rocks and the under surfaces of slabs of rock revealed by turning
them over—are the greatest sources of varied delight to the sea-
shore naturalist. It is well to take a man with you on to these rocks to
carry your collecting bottles and cans, and to turn over for you the
larger slabs of loose stone, weighing as much as a couple of
hundredweight. The most striking and beautiful objects in these rock
pools are the sea-anemones (Fig. 6 and Frontispiece). They present
themselves as disk-like flowers from 1 to 5 inches in diameter, with
narrow-pointed petals of every variety of colour, set in a circle around
a coloured centre. The petals are really hollow tentacles distended
with sea-water, and when anything falls on to them or touches them
they contract and draw together towards the centre. The centre has a
transverse opening in it which is the mouth, and leads into a large,
soft-walled stomach, separated by its own wall from a second
spacious cavity lying between that wall and the body wall, and
sending a prolongation into each tentacle. The stomach opens freely
at its deep end into this second "surrounding" chamber, which is
divided by radiating cross walls into smaller partitions, one
corresponding to each tentacle. The nourishing results of digestion,
and not the food itself, pass from the stomach into the subdivided or
"septate" second chamber. There is thus only one cavity in the
animal, separable into a central and a surrounding portion.
In this respect—in having only one body cavity—sea-anemones and
the coral-polyps and the jelly-fishes and the tiny freshwater polyp or
hydra, and the marine compound branching polyps like it—agree with
one another and differ from the vast majority of animals, such as
worms, sea-urchins, star-fishes, whelks, mussels, crustaceans,
insects, spiders and vertebrates (which last include fish, reptiles,
birds, and mammals). These all have a second chamber, or body
cavity, quite shut off from the digestive cavity and from the direct
access of water and food particles. This second distinct chamber is
filled with an animal fluid, the lymph, and is called the "Cœlom" (a
Greek word meaning a cavity). These higher animals, which possess
a cœlom as well as a gut, or digestive cavity, are called "Cœlomata,"
or "Cœlomocœla," in consequence; whilst the sea-anemones, polyps,
and jelly-fish form a lower grade of animals devoid of cœlom, but
having the one cavity, or gut, continued into all parts of the body.
Hence they are called "Cœlentera," or "Enterocœla," words which
mean that the cavity of their bodies (Greek cœl) is made by an
extension of the gut, or digestive cavity (Greek enteron). The higher
grade of animals—the Cœlomocœla—very usually have a vascular
system, or blood-vessels and blood, as well as a cœlom and lymph,
and quite independent of it; also some kind of kidneys, or renal
excretory tubes. Neither of these are possessed by the sea-anemones
and their allies—the Enterocœla—but they have, like higher animals,
a nervous system and also large ovaries and spermaries on the walls
of their single body cavity, which produce their reproductive germs.
These pass to the exterior, usually through the mouth, but sometimes
by rupture of the body wall.
All "one-cavity" animals, the Enterocœla or Cœlentera, produce
peculiar coiled-up threads in their skin in great quantity—many
thousands—often upon special warts or knobs. These coiled-up
threads lie each in a microscopic sac; they are very delicate and
minute and carry a virulent poison, so that they are "stinging"
threads. Excitement of the animal, or mere contact, causes the
microscopic sac to burst, and the thread to be violently ejected. The
sea-anemones, jelly-fish, and polyps feed on fresh living animals,
small fish, shrimps, etc., and catch their prey by the use of these
poisonous threads. Some jelly-fish have them big enough to act upon
the human skin, and bathers are often badly stung by them. The
commonest jelly-fish do not sting, but where they occur a few of the
stinging sort are likely to occur also. Even some sea-anemones can
sting one's hand with these stinging threads. One sea-anemone
(known as "Cerianthus"), occasionally taken in British waters, makes
for itself a leathery tube by the felting of its stinging threads, and
lines its long burrow in the sand below tidal exposure in this way.
The sea-anemones are very hardy, and they are wonderfully varied
and abundant on our coasts. Some sixty years ago a great naturalist,
who loved the seashore and its rock-pools enthusiastically, Mr. Philip
Henry Gosse, father of Mr. Edmund Gosse, the distinguished man of
letters, described our British sea-anemones, and gave beautiful
coloured pictures of them. One of these I have taken for the
frontispiece of this volume, and some of the outline figures of marine
animals in these chapters are borrowed from a marvelously complete
and valuable little book by him—now long out of print—entitled
"Marine Zoology." His books—of high scientific value—and his
example, made sea-anemones "fashionable." London ladies kept
marine aquariums in their drawing-rooms stocked with these
beautiful flowers of the sea. They were exhibited in quantity at the
Zoological Gardens in Regent's Park, and it is by no means a
creditable thing to our London zoologists that neither these nor other
marine creatures are now to be seen there. At a later date public
marine aquaria were started with success in many seaside towns,—
Brighton, Scarborough, Southport, etc.—and a very fine one was
organized in Westminster and another at the Crystal Palace. It is an
interesting and important fact, bearing on the psychology of the
British people, that most of these charming exhibitions of strange and
beautiful creatures from the depths of the sea were very soon
neglected and mismanaged by their proprietors; the tanks were
emptied or filled with river water, and the halls in which they were
placed were re-arranged for the exhibitions of athletes, acrobats,
comic singers, and pretty dancers. These exhibitions are often full of
human interest and beauty—but I regret the complete disappearance
of the fishes and strange submarine animals. I have some hope that
before long we may, at any rate in the gardens in the Regent's Park,
see really fine marine and fresh-water aquaria established, more
beautiful and varied in their contents than those of earlier days.

Fig. 6.—British Sea-Anemones.

 a, Sagartia bellis, the daisy anemone, viewed from above when fully
expanded.
b, Bunodes crassicornis, half expanded; side view.
c, Anthea cereus. The tentacles are pale apple-green in colour, tipped with
mauve, and cannot be completely retracted.
d, Actinia mesembryanthemum. The disk of tentacles is completely retracted.
This is the commonest sea-anemone on our South Coast, and is usually
maroon colour, but often is spotted like a strawberry.

There are four kinds of sea-anemones which are abundant on our

coast. They adhere by a disk-like base to the rocks and large stones,
and have the power of swelling themselves out with sea-water (as
have many soft-bodied creatures of this kind), with all their tentacles
expanded. They have, in that condition, the shape of small "Martello"
towers, with their adhesive disk below and the mouth-bearing
platform above, fringed by tapering fingers; and they can, on the
other hand, shrink to a fifth part of their expanded volume, drawing
in and concealing their tentacles, which are in some kinds perforated
at the tip. One common on the rocks at Shanklin and other parts of
our South Coast, but not on the East Coast, has very abundant, long,
pale green tentacles, which are tipped with a brilliant peach colour,
and it is peculiar in not being able to retract or conceal this beautiful
crown of snake-like locks, reminding one of the Gorgon Medusa. It is
known as Anthea cereus (Fig. 6, c). Many of them are known by the
name "Actinia," and the commonest of all (Fig. 6, d) is called "Actinia
mesembryanthemum," because of its resemblance to a fleshy-leaved
flower of that name which grows on garden rockeries—sometimes
called the "ice-plant." This one is of a deep maroon colour, rarely
more than an inch and a half across the disk. The adhesive disk is
often edged with bright blue, and small spherical tentacles, of a
bright blue colour, are set at intervals outside the fringe of longer red
ones. This anemone lives wonderfully well in a small glass basin or in
an aquarium holding a gallon of sea-water, which is kept duly aerated
by squirting it daily. One lived in Edinburgh for more than fifty years,
in the possession first of Sir John Dalyell, and then of Mr. Peach. She
was known as "Granny," and produced many hundreds of young in
the course of years. This species is viviparous, the young issuing from
the parent's mouth as tiny fully-formed sea-anemones, which
immediately fix themselves by their disks to the glass wall of their
habitation. Anemones kept thus in small aquaria have to be carefully
fed; bits of the sea mussel (of course, uncooked) are the best food
for them. This and many other kinds are not absolutely stationary,
but can very slowly crawl by means of muscular movements of the
adhesive disk. There are kinds of sea-anemones known which spend
their lives floating in the ocean; they are thin and flat. Others adhere
to the shells of hermit crabs and even to the big claws of some crabs,
and profit by the "crumbs" of food let fall by the nippers of their host.
A very handsome and large sea-anemone is common on the East
Coast, and is known as "crassicornis" (its generic name is Bunodes).
When distended it measures as much as 4 inches across (Fig. 6, b). I
have one at this moment before me, expanded in a bowl of sea-
water. The tentacles are pale green or grey, banded with deep red,
and the body is blotched with irregular patches of red, green, and
orange. It attaches fine pebbles and bits of shell to the surface of the
body.
 CHAPTER XI

CORAL-MAKERS AND JELLY-FISH

A
VERY beautiful kind of sea-anemone (common at Felixstowe) is
the Daisy or Sagartia troglodytes, (Fig. 6, a), which has a very
long body attached to a rock or stone far below the sandy floor of
the pool, on the level of which it expands its thin, long, ray-like
tentacles, coloured dark brown and white, and sometimes orange-
yellow. As soon as you touch it it disappears into the sand, and is
very difficult to dig out. The most beautifully coloured of all sea-
anemones are the little Corynactids (half an inch across), which you
may find dotted about like jewels, each composed of emerald, ruby,
topaz, and creamy pink and lilac, on the under surface of slabs of
rock at very low tide in the Channel Islands. One of the most
puzzling facts in natural history is that these lovely little things live in
the dark. No eye, even of fish or crab, has ever seen what you see
when you turn over that stone. It is a simple demonstration of the
truth of the poet Gray's statement, that many a gem of purest ray
serene is concealed in the dark, unfathomed depths of ocean! A
splendid anemone is the Weymouth Dianthus (see the frontispiece of
this volume), so named because it is dredged up in Weymouth Bay.
It is often six inches long, and has its very numerous, small tentacles
arranged in lobes, or tufts, around the mouth. It is either of a
uniform bright salmon-yellow colour or pure white. When kept in an
aquarium it fixes itself by its disk on the glass wall, and often, as it
slowly moves, allows pieces of the disk to become torn off and
remain sticking to the glass. These detached pieces develop
tentacles and a mouth, and grow to be small and ultimately full-
sized Weymouth anemones.
If the disk were spread out and gave rise to little anemones without
tearing—so that they remained in continuity with the parent—we
should get a composite or compound animal, made up of many
anemones, all connected at the base. This actually happens in a
whole group of polyps resembling the sea-anemones. They grow
into "stocks," "tree-like" or "encrusting" masses, consisting of
hundreds and even thousands of individuals, each with its mouth
and tentacles, but with their inner cavities and bases united. These
are the "coral polyps," or "coral-insects" of old writers, of so many
varied kinds. One further feature of great importance in a "coral" is
the production of a hard deposit of calcite, or limestone, which is
thrown down by the surface of the adhesive disk, and is also formed
in deep, radiating "pockets," pushed in to the soft animal from the
disk. The hard deposit of calcite is continuous throughout the
"stock," or "tree," and when the soft sea-anemone-like animals die,
the hard, white matter is left, and is called "coral." Very commonly
this white coral shows star-like cups on its surface, which correspond
to the lower ends or disks of the soft sea-anemone-like creatures
which deposited the hard coral. In a less common group
(represented commonly on our coast by the so-called "Dead men's
fingers" found growing on the overhanging edges of low-tide rocks)
the hard coral material does not form cups for the minute sea-
anemones which secrete it, but takes the form of a supporting
central or axial rod (sea-pens), or branched tree (sea-bushes), upon
which the fleshy mass of polyps are tightly set. This is the case with
the precious red and pink coral of the Mediterranean (which is now
being "undersold" actually in the Mediterranean markets by a similar
red coral from Japan, usually offered as the genuine article, which it
is not!).
On the British coast you do not, as a rule, find coral-forming polyps.
A small kind, consisting of two or three yellow and orange-red
anemone-polyps united and producing a small group of hard calcite
cups (Caryophyllia and Balanophyllia) is not uncommon at Plymouth
at a few fathoms depth. But you have to go to the Norwegian fiords
or else far out to sea where you have 300 fathoms of sea-water in
order to get really luxuriant white corals—the beautiful Lophohelia
(Fig. 3, p. 9), which I used to dredge in the Nord Fiord near
Stavanger, as branching, shrub-like masses of a foot cube in area,
each white marble cup standing out from the stem, an inch long and
two-thirds of an inch across, and the stems giving support to a
whole host of clinging growths (among them Rhabdopleura!) and
sheltering wonderful deep-water worms and starfish.
But these, beautiful as they are, are nothing, so far as mass and
dominating vigour of growth are concerned, in comparison with the
reef-building corals of the warm seas of the tropics. There these
lime-secreting conglomerated sea-anemones separate annually
hundreds of tons of solid calcite per square mile of sea bottom from
the sea-water, and build up reefs, islands, and huge cliffs of coral
rock. They get the calcite—as do calcareous seaweeds and shell-
making clams, oysters, whelks, and microscopic chalk-makers—from
the sea—the water of the sea which always has it ready in solution
for their use. And the sea gets it from the rivers and streams which
wear away and dissolve the old limestone deposits now raised into
mountain chains, as well as by itself dissolving again in due course
what living creatures have so carefully separated from it. Sea water
or fresh water with a little carbonic acid gas dissolved in it dissolves
limestone and chalk—it becomes what we call "hard." Neutralize the
dissolved carbonic acid (as is done in the well-known Clark's process
for softening water), and down falls the dissolved calcite as a fine
white sediment. These alternating processes of solution and
"precipitation" are always going on in the waters of the earth and
sea.
The name "jelly-fish" has reference to the colourless, transparent,
soft, and jelly-like substance of the bodies of the animals to which it
is applied. There are a number of marine animals, besides the
common jelly-fish, belonging to different classes, which are glass-like
in transparency and colourless—so as to be nearly or quite invisible
in clear water, and some, too, occur in fresh waters (larvæ of gnats,
notably of the plume-horned gnat Corethra). The transparency of
these animals serves them in two different ways—some are enabled
by it to escape from predatory enemies; others, on the contrary, are
enabled to approach their own prey without being observed. The
latter was obviously the case with the little fresh-water jelly-fish
which appeared in great abundance some years ago in the lily tank
in Regent's Park. The water was full of small water-fleas (minute
crustacea), and the little jelly-fish, if removed from the tank and
placed in a tall glass jar filled with the tank water, spent its whole
time in swimming upwards to the surface by the alternate
contraction and expansion of its disk-like body, and then dropping
gently through the full length of the jar to the bottom, when it would
again mount. On the downward journey—owing to its transparency
—it would encounter unsuspecting, jerkily-moving water-fleas,
unwarned by any shadow cast by the impending glass-like monster
of half an inch in breadth slowly approaching from above; and as
soon as they touched it they were paralysed (by microscopic poison-
threads like those of the sea-anemones), and were grasped and
swallowed by the mobile transparent proboscis (like that of an
elephant, though certainly smaller, and having the mouth opening at
its end, instead of a nostril), which hangs from the centre of the
disk-like jelly-fish.[2]
[2] See "Science from an Easy Chair" (First Series, 1910), p. 60,
for a further account and figure of the freshwater jelly-fish.

There are some glass-like transparent creatures, including some

small fishes, which live at 500 fathoms depth and a good deal
deeper on the sea bottom. We know that the sun's light does not
penetrate below 200 fathoms, so that one is led to ask—What is the
good of being transparent if you live at the bottom of the sea, at a
greater depth than this? There is also a very beautiful prawn, which
I dredged in Norway in 200 fathoms, which looks like a solid piece of
clearest, colourless glass. And then there are some very beautiful
little stalked creatures (called Clavellina), fixed to the under-side of
rocks in the tidal zone, which are absolutely like drops of solid glass
an inch long. One cannot easily imagine how colourless transparency
can be of "life-saving value" to these varied inhabitants of the dark
places of the sea bottom—any more than we can assign any life-
saving value to the brilliant, gem-like colouring of some of the sea-
anemones which live in the dark on the under-surface of rocks.
The most probable view of the matter is that neither the colourless
transparency of the one set nor the brilliant colouring of the other
has any value; it just happens to be so, and is not harmful. So, for
instance, some crystals are colourless, some blue or green or yellow
or red, without any advantage to them! On the other hand, we know
that a large number of the animals which live in the dark
unfathomed depths themselves produce light, that is to say, are
phosphorescent, and it seems probable that at great depths, though
there is no sunlight, the sea bottom is illuminated—we can only
vaguely guess to what degree—by the strange living lanterns—fish,
crustaceans, worms, and even microscopic creatures—which move
about in quest of their food, carrying their own searchlight with
them. Another suggestion is that the eyes of these inhabitants of the
dark may be more sensitive than our own, and even be affected by
rays invisible to us. This, however, is not probable, since whilst there
are among them some with enormous eyes, we find that at the
greatest depths (2 to 4 miles) even the fishes have no eyes at all,
and at a depth of a mile there are many shrimp-like creatures in
which the eyes have been completely transformed into peculiar
"feelers," or otherwise aborted. So that we cannot suppose there is
a possibility of developing the eye of the dwellers in deep-sea
darkness to a degree of sensitiveness greatly beyond that of
terrestrial animals. A limit of obscurity is reached at which it is of no
use having an eye at all, and eyes cease to have life-saving value,
and accordingly are not maintained by natural selection.
The transparency and colourlessness of marine animals which float
near the surface is, on the other hand, obviously useful, and to this
group our jelly-fishes belong. Not only do they escape observation
by their transparency and general absence of colour, but some
actually have a blue transparent colouring which blends with the
blue colour of the sea. Such are the gas-holding, bladder-like sac as
large as your fist called the "Portuguese man-of-war," and the little
sailing Velella, both of which float, and even protrude above the
surface, so as to catch the wind. Others are only semi-transparent,
and others are marked with strong red, brown, or yellow streaks.
Many of the smallest kinds of jelly-fish have eyes which are bright
red in colour.
The animals to which the name "jelly-
fishes" is now more or less strictly
applied are (as that fine zoologist
Aristotle knew) in their structure closely
similar to the sea-anemones, but even
simpler. They are called the Medusæ by
naturalists. Their disk-like bodies are
largely formed by a jelly-like material, on
Fig. 7.—A common British
Jelly-fish.
the surface of which are stretched
delicate transparent skin, nerves, and
Aurelia aurita, usually as
large as a breakfast-plate
delicate muscles, whilst in the middle of
and often larger. the disk, on the surface which faces
downwards as the creature floats, is the
mouth, leading into a relatively small
pouched cavity excavated in the jelly, from which a delicate system
of canals is given off, and radiates in the jelly of the disk. There is,
as in the sea-anemones, only one continuous cavity. The edge of the
disk is beset with fine, sensitive tentacles, sometimes many feet in
length, and the lips of the mouth are often drawn out into a sort of
depending trunk, or into four large tapering lobes or lips of jelly,
which, with the longer tentacles, are used for seizing prey. The
commonest jelly-fish on our coast—so common as to be "the" jelly-
fish par excellence—is often to be seen left on the sands by the
receding tide or slowly swimming in quiet, clear water at the mouth
of a river in enormous numbers. It is known as "Aurelia" (Fig. 7). It
is as big as a cheese-plate, and the four pouches connected with the
stomach are coloured pink or purple, and appear in the middle of
the circular plate of jelly, like a small Maltese cross. The reproductive
particles (germ-cells and sperm-cells) are produced in that coloured
region, and escape by the mouth. There is a fringe of fine, very
short tentacles round the edge of the disk, and they, as well as the
great lobes of the mouth, are provided with innumerable coiled-up
stinging hairs or "thread-cells," similar to those of the sea-
anemones, which led Aristotle to call both groups "sea-nettles."
Eight stalked eyes are set at equal intervals around the disk.
Usually accompanying the floating crowd of the common and
abundant Aurelia are a few specimens of a very unpleasant kind of
Medusa of a turbid appearance, often called "slime balls" by
fishermen, from six inches to a foot in diameter. It is known to
naturalists by the name "Cyanæa capillata." The tentacles on the
edge of the disk of this kind of jelly-fish are very long and elastic,
stretching to several feet, even yards, in length, and are provided
with very powerful stinging hairs. The tentacles not infrequently
become coiled around the body of a bather; the stinging hairs are
shot out of the little sacs in which they are rolled up, and the result
may be very painful to the person stung in this way and even
dangerous. There are two other common large jelly-fish on the
English coast, one called "Chrysaora" (Fig. 8), with a wheel-like
pattern of brown pigment on the disk, and the other with the mouth
lobes very large and bound together like a column.
The common Aurelia is remarkable for the fact that the young which
hatch from its eggs attach themselves to stones and rocks on the
sea bottom, and grow into little white tube-like polyps, about half an
inch long, quite unlike their parent, with a crown of small tentacles
surrounding the mouth, whilst they are fixed by the opposite end of
the body. Then a very curious thing happens. The little polyp
becomes nipped at intervals across its length, so that it looks like a
pile of saucers—a dozen or more. And then the top saucer swims
away as a minute jelly-fish, the next follows, and so on, so that, in
the course of an hour or two, the whole pile separates into a number
of freely swimming young, each of which gradually grows into a full-
sized Aurelia. I have only once had the chance of witnessing this
beautiful sight, and that was many years ago in a tank at the
Zoological Gardens (they have no such tanks now), where the polyp-
like young (called "Hydra tuba") spontaneously put in an
appearance, and proceeded to break up into piles of little disks,
 which separated and swam off
as one watched them. The
French poet, Catulle Mendés,
imagined a world where the
flowers flew about freely and the
butterflies were fixed to stalks.
His fancy is to some degree
realized by the swimming away
of the young jelly-fish from their
stalks. There are a host of very
minute jelly-fish, measuring
when full grown only half an
inch or less in diameter. They
originate as buds from small
branching polyps, one kind of
which is common on oyster-
shells, and is called "the herring-
bone coralline." The dried skins
of these coralline polyps (which
are horny) are often to be picked
up with masses of seaweed on
the seashore after a storm. The
little jelly-fish are the ripe
individuals of the polyps, and
Fig. 8.—A common British produce eggs and sperm which
Jelly-fish. grow to be polyp-trees. These,
Chrysaora hysoscella, usually twice again, after growing and
as big as the figure. branching as polyps, give rise to
little jelly-fish here and there on
the tree, which in most kinds
(though not in all) break off and swim away freely.
 CHAPTER XII

SHRIMPS, CRABS, AND BARNACLES

W
E have no word in English to indicate the varied crab-and-
shrimp-like creatures of salt and fresh waters in the same way
as "insect" designates the six-legged, usually winged, terrestrial
creatures of many kinds—beetles, bees, bugs, two-winged flies,
dragonflies, day-flies, and butterflies. They are all "insects."
Naturalists call the aquatic shrimp-and-crab creatures "crustaceans."
Perhaps "crab" might be used in a large sense to include them all,
together with the true crabs, as the Germans use their word,
"krebs." The shore-crab is the most familiar of all crustaceans, in the
living, moving condition. Boiled lobsters, prawns, and shrimps are
more generally familiar members of the class, but the "undressed"
living crab is better known to every one who has been on the
seashore than the live lobster, prawn, and shrimp. Londoners have
been heard to express interest in the curious blue variety of lobster
caught on the coast, not being aware that the hot bath which he
takes before he, too, is "dressed," causes his blue armour to change
its colour to a brilliant scarlet. Occasionally a regular ordinary lobster
is caught in which this change has occurred during life in the sea—
and there are some enormous deep-sea prawns of a pound in
weight which when living have a splendid crimson colour. A large
series of "crustaceans," carefully prepared so as to show their
natural colours in life, is exhibited in the Natural History Museum in
Cromwell Road.
A curious kind of prawn (by name Althea rubra), of fair size, is found
under "the low-tide rocks" in the Channel Islands, which not only is
of a deep crimson colour, but snaps his fingers at you—or rather one
of his fingers—or claws—when you try to catch him, making a loud
crack audible at ten yards distance. The common big prawn, if you
see him in a large vessel of sea-water with the light shining through
him, appears very brilliantly marked with coloured bands and spots—
reddish-brown, blue, and yellow—which are displayed on a
transparent, almost colourless surface. Of course, boiling turns him
pale red. A common smaller species of prawn when boiled is often
sold as "pink shrimps," and lately a deep-sea prawn—a third species
—has come from the Norwegian coast into the London market.
There are many kinds which are not abundant enough to become
"marketable." Prawns are at once distinguished from the true "brown
shrimp" by having the front end of the body drawn out into a sharp-
toothed spine, which is absent in the shrimp. Besides the prawns
(Palæmon and Pandalus), the shrimp (Crangon), and the common
lobster (Homarus), you may see in the London fish shops the large
spiny lobster (Palinurus) called "langouste" by the French, and
apparently preferred by them as a table delicacy to the common
lobster, although it has no claws. It used to be called "craw-fish" or
"sea craw-fish" in London; why, I am unable to say. The name was
certainly bad, as it leads to confusion with the cray-fish, the fresh-
water lobster of British and all European rivers (there are many
other kinds of fresh-water lobsters in other parts of the world, as
well as fresh-water prawns and crabs), whose English name is a
curious corruption of the French one, "écrevisse" (cray-vees, cray-
fish). Another lobster of our markets is the little one known as the
"Dublin prawn," which is common enough on the Scotch and
Norwegian coasts, as well as that of Ireland. Naturalists distinguish it
as Nephrops Norvegicus. The great edible crab completes the list of
British marketable crustaceans, but in Paris I have eaten, as well as
at Barcelona, a very large Mediterranean prawn, three times as big
as our biggest Isle of Wight prawns, but by no means so good. It is
called "Barcelona prawn" and "Langostino" ("Penæus" by
naturalists). In Madrid I have seen in the fish shops and eaten yet
another crustacean—a very curious one—namely, a long-stalked
rock-barnacle of the kind known to naturalists as Pollicipes.
That the barnacles—ship's barnacles (Fig. 10) and with them the
little sea-acorns (Fig. 11), those terribly hard and sharp little white
"pimples" which cover the rocks nearly everywhere just below high-
tide mark, and have so cruelly lacerated the hands and shins of all of
us who swim and have had to return to a rocky shore in a lively sea
—should be included with crabs, lobsters, and shrimps as
"crustaceans" must appear astonishing to every one who hears it for
the first time. The extraordinarily ignorant, yet in their own
estimation learned, fishermen of the Scottish coast will tell you with
solemn assurance that the ubiquitous encrusting sea-acorns are the
young of the limpet, whilst the creature living inside the shell of the
long-stalked ship's barnacles has for ages been discoursed of by the
learned as one of the marvels of the sea—nothing more or less than
a young bird—the young, in fact, of a goose—the barnacle goose
which, since it was thus proved to be a fish in origin, was allowed to
be eaten by good Catholics on fast days! Two hundred years or more
ago this story was discredited by serious naturalists, but the
barnacles and sea-acorns were thought (even by the great Cuvier)
to be of the nature of oysters, mussels, and clams (Molluscs),
because of their possessing white hard shells in the form of "valves"
and plates, which can open and shut like those of mussels. Their
true history and nature were shown about eighty years ago by a
great discoverer of new things concerning marine creatures, Dr.
Vaughan Thompson, who was Army Medical Inspector at Cork, and
studied these and other animals found in the waters of Queenstown
Harbour.
The crab class, or Crustacea, have, like the insects, centipedes,
spiders, and scorpions, a body built up of successive rings or
segments. The earth-worms (as every one knows) and marine
bristle-bearing worms also show this feature in the simplest and
most obvious way. The vertebrates, with their series of vertebræ or
backbone-pieces and the body muscles attached ring-wise to them,
show the same condition. The marine worms have a soft skin and a
pair of soft paddle-like legs upon each ring of the body, often to the
number of a hundred such pairs. But the crab class and the classes
called insects, centipedes, arachnids, and millipedes are remarkable
for the hard, firm skin, or "cuticle," which is formed on the surface of
their bodies and of their legs, which, as in the marine worms, are
present—a pair to each body-ring or segment—often along the
whole length of the body as in centipedes. This hard cuticle is
impregnated with lime in the bigger members of the crab class, such
as the lobster. It is not equally thick and hard all over the surface of
the lobster, but is separated by narrow bands of thin, soft cuticle into
a number of harder pieces, thus rendered capable of being bent or
"flexed" on one another. Thus the body is jointed into a series of
rings, and the legs are also divided each into several joints (as many
as seven), which gives them flexibility and so usefulness of various
kinds. The various joints are "worked" by powerful muscles, which
are fixed internally to the cuticle and pass from one hard ring or
segment, whether of body or of leg, to a neighbouring ring.
Every one knows the structure of a lobster's tail and of its legs,
which can be readily examined in illustration of my statement, and
the same structure can be seen in the leg of a beetle or a fly.
Naturalists term all this series of creatures with hard-jointed cuticle,
to which the muscles are attached, including the crab class, the
insects, centipedes, spiders, and scorpions, "jointed-leg owners," or
Arthropods. It is easy to appreciate this characteristic difference
which separates the Arthropods from other animals. The sea-worms
differ from them, in that they have soft cuticle, but stiffen and
render their paddle-like legs firm by squeezing the liquid of the body
into them in the same sort of way as the sea-anemones distend their
tentacles with liquid, though in that case the liquid is sea-water
taken in by the mouth. The Molluscs also distend their muscular
lobe, or "foot" as it is called, by pressing the blood from the rest of
the body into it, and so making it swell and become stiff, so that the
muscles can work it; when not distended in that way it is flaccid.
The Vertebrates (bony animals) and the star-fishes have again
another and peculiar mechanism. Their muscles are attached to hard
internal pieces, sometimes cartilaginous but often calcareous or
bony, which are spoken of as "the internal skeleton." There are thus
three distinct kinds of mechanism in animals for giving the necessary
resisting surfaces, hinged or jointed to one another, and made to
"play" one on the other by the alternate contraction and relaxation
of the muscles attached to them.
The Arthropods differ among themselves in the number of body-
rings, the enlargement or dwindling of certain rings, and the fusion
of a larger or smaller number of the rings to form a composite head,
or a jointless mid-body or hind-body. The successive legs are
primarily and essentially like to one another, and each body-ring,
with its pair of legs, is but a repetition of its fellows. At the same
time, in the different classes included as "Arthropoda" a good deal of
difference has been attained in the structure of the legs, and they
have in each class a different form and character in successive
regions of the body, distinctive of the class, and are sometimes, but
not always, absent from many of the hinder rings. All these
Arthropods agree in having a leg on each side immediately behind
the mouth—belonging to a body-ring, which is fused with others to
form the head—very specially shortened, of great strength and
firmness, and shaped so as to be pulled by a powerful muscle
attached to it, against its fellow of the opposite side, which is
similarly pulled. These two stumpy legs form thus a powerful pair of
nippers called "the mandibles." They are jaws, although they were in
the ancestors of the Arthropods merely legs. These jaw-legs, or leg-
jaws, are characteristic of all the crab class, as well as of the other
Arthropods, but no bristle-worm or other animal has them. The jaws
of marine worms are of a totally different nature. So are the jaws of
snails, whelks, and cuttle-fish. Many of the crab class have not one
only, but several, pairs of legs following the mouth converted into
jaws. Thus, if you examine a big shore-crab, or, better, an edible
crab, and a lobster, and a large prawn, you will find that they all
have five pairs of legs converted into short foliaceous jaws (hence
called "foot-jaws"), and overlying the first very strong pair, or
mandibles.
Following these "foot-jaws" you find in a crab or a lobster the great
nipping claws and the four large walking legs—the same in
proportion and shape in crab, lobster, and prawn, much bigger than
the foot-jaws. But the curious thing is that if you set them out and
carefully compare them (for they are not simple jointed limbs, but
each has two or even three diverging stems carried on a basal joint),
you will find a strange and fascinating "likeness in unlikeness," or an
agreement of the parts of which they are built, and yet a difference
between all of them.
The rings of the body to which the jaw-legs and legs are attached
are fused into one unjointed piece. The spine in front of the mouth
and the support of the eyes and the feelers or "antennæ" are fused
with that piece. It forms on the back a great shield—often called
"the head"—which overhangs and is bent down over the sides of this
region, so as to protect the gills, which you can see by cutting away
the overhanging flap.
Following on the jaw-legs or foot-jaws and walking-legs, in the three
crustaceans we are looking at, comes the jointed tail or hind-body,
consisting of seven pieces. The first five rings of the tail have small
Y-shaped legs, a pair to each ring. They are called "swimmerets,"
whilst the sixth has legs of the same shape, but very large and flat.
In the middle between these large flat legs is the last ring, which
has no legs, but is perforated by the opening of the intestine. You
will see if you compare the crab and the lobster (or the prawn,
which is very much like the lobster), that the crab has the so-called
head (really head and mid-body combined) drawn out from side to
side, so as to make it much wider than it is long. And, moreover, the
jointed tail or hind-body seems at first sight to be absent in the crab.
But if you turn the crab (a dead one) on his back, you will find that
he has a complete tail, on the whole like that of the lobster, but
pointed and bent forwards, and closely packed under the fused head
and mid-body in a groove, from which you can raise it and turn it
back.
 Fig. 9.—The larval or young form of Crustacea known as "the Nauplius." This
is the "Nauplius" of a kind of Prawn. The three pairs of branched limbs are
well seen. Much magnified.

We have not yet done with the various forms assumed by the legs of
our three crustaceans—for, actually in front of the mouth, there are
two pairs of peculiarly altered legs. Originally in crab-ancestors, and
at the present day in the very minute young stage of growth called
"the Nauplius" (Fig. 9), the mouth was not behind these two front
pairs. It has sunk back as it were, gradually moved so as to leave
the legs in front of it. As we now see them in the crab, lobster, and
prawn, the two pairs of legs in front of the mouth are jointed
filamentous things—the feelers or antennæ—very long in prawns
and lobsters, short in crabs. In the ancestors of crabs, lobsters, and
prawns these feelers were undoubtedly swimming legs. In the
"nauplius" stage (Fig. 9) of some prawns, and in many minute
crustaceans often called "water-fleas," we find these feelers not
acting as mere sensory organs of touch, but relatively strong and
large, with powerful muscles, striking the water and making the little
creatures bound or jump through it in jerks.
It has been discovered that in the growth from the egg of many
crustaceans the young hatches out as a "nauplius" with only three
pairs of legs. The front two pairs later gradually grow to be the
feelers, the third pair become eventually the mandibles or first pair
of jaw-legs. These legs all present themselves at first as active,
powerful swimming "oars," beset with peculiar feathery hairs and
not in the shape which they later acquire. The kite-shaped nauplius
baby-phase, smaller than a small flea, with its three pairs of violently
jerking legs, is a very important little beast. It is the existence of this
young stage in the growth of barnacles and sea-acorns which has
demonstrated that they are crustaceans, that is to say, belong to the
crab class. The fixed shell-like barnacles and sea-acorns hatch from
their eggs each as a perfect little "nauplius," like that drawn in Fig.
9. They swim about with jerking movements caused by the strokes
of the two front legs and of the pair which will become the
mandibles. Their limbs have the special form and are beset with the
feather-like hairs, and the whole creature has the kite-like shape—
characteristic of the nauplius young of other Crustacea. They are
indeed indistinguishable from those young. Whilst it was the Army
doctor, Vaughan Thompson, who discovered that barnacles are
strangely altered "shrimps," it was Darwin who made one of the
most interesting discoveries about them—a discovery of which he
was always, and rightly, very proud—as I will explain in the next
chapter.
 CHAPTER XIII

BARNACLES AND OTHER CRUSTACEANS

T
HE ship's barnacle looks at first, when you see one of a group of
them hanging from a piece of floating timber, like a little smooth,
white bivalve shell, as big as your thumb-nail, at the end of a
thickish, worm-like stalk, from one to ten inches long (Fig. 10). But
you will soon see that there are not only two valves to the white
shell, but three smaller ones as well as the two principal ones. This
does not separate them altogether from the bivalve-shelled molluscs
(mussels, clams, oysters), for the bivalve molluscs, which bore in
stone and clay, have small extra shelly plates, besides the two chief
ones, whilst the Teredo, or ship's worm—a true bivalve mollusc—has
an enormously long, worm-like body which favours a comparison
with it of the long-stalked barnacle. If a group of barnacles is
floating attached to a piece of timber undisturbed in a tank of sea-
water you will see the little shells gape, and from between them a
bunch of curved, many-jointed feelers will issue and make a
succession of grasping or clawing movements, as though trying to
draw something into the shell, which, in fact, is what they are doing
—namely, industriously raking the water on the chance of bringing
some particle of food to the mouth which lies within the shell (Fig.
10).
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