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Microbiology: An Introduction, 13e (Tortora et al.)
Chapter 8 Microbial Genetics
1) A gene is defined as
A) any random segment of DNA.
B) three nucleotides that code for an amino acid.
C) a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product.
D) a sequence of nucleotides in RNA that codes for a functional product.
E) the RNA product of a transcribed section of DNA.
Answer: C
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
Learning Outcome: 8.1
1
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
4) DNA is constructed of
A) a single strand of nucleotides with internal hydrogen bonding.
B) two complementary strands of nucleotides bonded A–C and G–T.
C) two strands of nucleotides running in an antiparallel configuration.
D) two strands of identical nucleotides in a parallel configuration with hydrogen bonds between
them.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Answer: C
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Global Outcome: 2
2
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
7) Figure 8.1
3
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 8.1
Culture 1: F+, leucine+, histidine+
Culture 2: F-, leucine-, histidine-
8) In Table 8.1, what will be the result of conjugation between cultures 1 and 2 (reminder: F+ has
a different meaning than Hfr)?
A) 1 will remain the same;
2 will become F+, leucine-, histidine-
B) 1 will become F-, leu+, his+;
2 will become F+, leu-, his-
C) 1 will become F-, leu-, his-;
2 will remain the same
D) 1 will remain the same;
2 will become F+, leu+, his+
E) 1 will remain the same;
2 will become F+ and recombination may occur
Answer: A
Section: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
ASMcue Outcome: 4.1
Learning Outcome: 8.15
Global Outcome: 2
9) In Table 8.1, if culture 1 mutates to Hfr, what will be the result of conjugation between the
two cultures?
A) They will both remain the same.
B) 1 will become F+, leu+, his+;
2 will become F+, leu+, his+
C) 1 will remain the same;
recombination may occur in 2
D) 1 will become F-, leu+, his+;
2 will become Hfr, leu+, his+
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: C
Section: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
ASMcue Outcome: 4.1
Learning Outcome: 8.15
Global Outcome: 2
4
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
10) An enzyme produced in response to the presence of a substrate is called a(n)
A) inducible enzyme.
B) repressible enzyme.
C) restriction enzyme.
D) operator.
E) promoter.
Answer: A
Section: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
ASMcue Outcome: 4.3
Learning Outcome: 8.7
15) According to the operon model, for the synthesis of an inducible enzyme to occur, the
A) end-product must not be in excess.
B) substrate must bind to the enzyme.
C) substrate must bind to the repressor.
D) repressor must bind to the operator.
E) repressor must not be synthesized.
Answer: C
Section: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
ASMcue Outcome: 4.3
Learning Outcome: 8.7
Global Outcome: 2
6
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 8.2
18) In Figure 8.2, if base 4 is adenine, what is base 11' (remember the complimentary
configuration of bases in DNA)?
A) adenine
B) thymine
C) cytosine
D) guanine
E) uracil
Answer: A
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 8.3
Global Outcome: 2
7
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
19) In Figure 8.2, base 5 (and ONLY the base) is covalently bound/attached to
A) ribose.
B) phosphate.
C) deoxyribose.
D) thymine.
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: C
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
Learning Outcome: 8.3
Table 8.2
21) Refer to Table 8.2. If the sequence of amino acids encoded by a strand of DNA is serine-
alanine-lysine-leucine, what is the order of bases in the sense strand of DNA?
A) 3' UGUGCAAAGUUA 5'
B) 3' AGACGTTTCAAT 5'
C) 3' TCTCGTTTGTTA 5'
D) 5' TGTGCTTTCTTA 3'
E) 5' AGAGCTTTGAAT 3'
Answer: B
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Global Outcome: 2
8
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
22) Refer to Table 8.2. If the sequence of amino acids encoded by a strand of DNA is serine-
alanine-lysine-leucine, the coding for the antisense strand of DNA is
A) 5' ACAGTTTCAAT 3'.
B) 5' TCTGCAAAGTTA 3'.
C) 3' UGUGCAAAGUUA 5'.
D) 3' UCUCGAAAGUUA 5'.
E) 3' TCACGUUUCAAU 5'.
Answer: B
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Global Outcome: 2
24) Refer to Table 8.2. Identify the sequence of amino acids encoded by the following sequence
of bases in a strand of DNA (pay attention to the polarity of the DNA here):
3' ATTACGCTTTGC 5'.
A) leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine
B) asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine
C) asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine
D) Translation would stop at the first codon.
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: D
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Global Outcome: 2
9
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
25) Refer to Table 8.2. If an indeterminate frameshift mutation occurred (that is, one at a random
location) in the sequence of bases shown below, what would be the sequence of amino acids
coded for?
3' ATTACGCTTTGC
A) leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine
B) asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine
C) asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine
D) Translation would stop at the first codon.
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: E
Section: 8.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Global Outcome: 2
26) Refer to Table 8.2. When amino acid sequences from a cell cycle control protein from a
patient with cancer and a healthy person are aligned, the sequence from the cancer patient
indicates one amino acid has changed from phenylalanine (Phe) to leucine (Leu). A mutation in
the cancer patient's DNA must have taken place. Identify the result of this DNA change in the
mRNA codon that led to this change in the protein sequence.
A) UUU altered to UCU
B) UUU altered to UAU
C) UCU altered to UUA
D) CAA altered to UUU
E) UUU altered to UUA
Answer: E
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying
Learning Outcome: 8.4
10
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Figure 8.3 - Metabolic Pathway
27) In Figure 8.3, if compound C reacts with the allosteric site of enzyme A, this would
exemplify
A) a mutation.
B) repression.
C) feedback inhibition.
D) competitive inhibition.
E) transcription.
Answer: C
Section: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
ASMcue Outcome: 4.3
Learning Outcome: 8.8
Global Outcome: 2
11
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
29) In Figure 8.3, if enzyme A is an inducible enzyme,
A) compound C would bind to the repressor for Gene a.
B) compound A would bind to the repressor for Gene a.
C) compound B would bind to enzyme A directly.
D) compound A would react with enzyme B directly.
E) compound C would react with gene a directly.
Answer: B
Section: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
ASMcue Outcome: 4.3
Learning Outcome: 8.7
Global Outcome: 2
31) The necessary ingredients for DNA synthesis can be mixed together in a test tube. The DNA
polymerase is from Thermus aquaticus, and the template is from a human cell. The DNA
synthesized would be most similar to
A) human DNA.
B) T. aquaticus DNA.
C) a mixture of human and T. aquaticus DNA.
D) human RNA.
E) T. aquaticus RNA.
Answer: A
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
ASMcue Outcome: 6.3
Learning Outcome: 8.3
Global Outcome: 7
12
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
32) Table 8.3
Based on the information in Table 8.3, prostate cancer is probably the result of which kind of
mutation?
A) analog
B) frameshift
C) missense
D) nonsense
E) None of the answers is correct.
Answer: D
Section: 8.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Global Outcome: 7
13
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
33) Figure 8.4
In Figure 8.4, the antibiotic chloramphenicol binds the 50S large subunit of a ribosome as shown
(the light gray area is the large subunit, while the black shape is the drug). From this information
you can conclude that chloramphenicol
A) prevents transcription in eukaryotes.
B) prevents translation in eukaryotes.
C) prevents transcription in prokaryotes.
D) prevents translation in prokaryotes.
E) prevents mRNA-ribosome binding.
Answer: D
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
ASMcue Outcome: 4.2
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Global Outcome: 7
34) The mechanism by which the presence of glucose inhibits the lac operon is
A) catabolite repression.
B) translation.
C) DNA polymerase.
D) repression.
E) induction.
Answer: A
Section: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
ASMcue Outcome: 4.3
Learning Outcome: 8.7
14
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
35) If you knew the sequence of nucleotides within a gene, which one of the following could you
determine with the most accuracy?
A) the primary structure of the protein
B) the secondary structure of the protein
C) the tertiary structure of the protein
D) the quaternary structure of the protein
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: A
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Global Outcome: 2
36) An enzyme that makes covalent bonds between Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand of
DNA being replicated is
A) RNA polymerase.
B) DNA ligase
C) DNA helicase.
D) transposase.
E) SSBP.
Answer: B
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
Learning Outcome: 8.3
38) An enzyme that catalyzes the cutting and resealing of DNA, and is translated from insertion
sequences, is
A) RNA polymerase.
B) DNA ligase.
C) DNA helicase.
D) transposase.
E) DNA polymerase.
Answer: D
Section: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
Learning Outcome: 8.16
15
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
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