PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA

Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

A CAREER TRACER STUDY ON THE EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF THE

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA BACHELOR OF SCIENCE

IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION GRADUATES

A Thesis

Presented to the Faculty of the College of Public Administration

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela

Valenzuela City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Public Administration

By

Francisco, Yesha Althea M.

Laguidao, Alexandra F.

Melencion, Daniela M.

Patani, Patrick J.

Villalva, Shekinah Ailah R.

December 2024
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Philippine Copyright 2024

By the Authors
Francisco, Yesha Althea
Laguidao, Alexandra
Melencion, Daniela
Patani, Patrick
Villalva, Shekinah Ailah
And the College of Public Administration
Pamantasan Ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela

All rights reserved. Portions of this manuscript may be reproduced with the
proper referencing and due acknowledgment of the author.

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 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

CERTIFICATION
This research entitled A Career Tracer Study on the Employment Status

of the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela Bachelor of Science in Public

Administration Graduates prepared and submitted by Yesha Althea Francisco,

Daniela Melencion, Alexandra Laguidao, Patrick Patani, Shekinah Ailah

Villalva in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor in Public

Administration, has been examined and recommended for Oral Examination.

Evaluation Committee

MR. RAMCES M. DILI MICHVILLE A. RIVERA, Ph.D.

Adviser Evaluator

HELEN N. BAGUNA, Ph.D. JOHN A. CABADDU, Ph.D.

Evaluator Evaluator

..................................................................................................................
APPROVAL
Approved by the Panel on Oral Examination on December 13, 2024, with the
grade of _____.

MICHVILLE A. RIVERA, Ph.D.

Dean, College of Public Administration and Governance

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor in Public
Administration.

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Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY

We affirm that all the information, data, analysis, and conclusions included

in this research project are the result of our own independent research, analysis,

and interpretation. We further declare that no part of this research has been

plagiarized, copied, or taken from any other source without proper

acknowledgment. All references, citations, and sources utilized in this study have

been appropriately cited and credited. As the authors of this research, we take full

responsibility for the originality and integrity of the study, ensuring that it reflects

our own ideas, insights, and efforts in examining the employment status of PLV

BSPA graduates in Valenzuela City from 2017 to 2023.

Yesha Althea Francisco

Daniela Melencion

Alexandra Laguidao

Patrick Patani

Shekinah Ailah Villalva

Researchers

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COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We would like to extend our heartfelt gratitude to God, whose guidance and

blessings have been the foundation of this research endeavor. Your divine

presence has provided strength, wisdom, and inspiration throughout the journey

of conducting this study.

We are deeply thankful to our adviser for her mentorship, expertise, and

unwavering support. Her valuable guidance and feedback have been instrumental

in shaping the direction and quality of this research project.

To our family, who has been our pillar of strength and source of

encouragement, We express our sincere appreciation. Your love, understanding,

and constant support have been the driving force behind our academic pursuits

Together, Almighty God, our adviser, family, and friends have played pivotal

roles in shaping this research on the employment status of PLV BSPA graduates.

Their unwavering support, guidance, and love have been invaluable assets that

have fueled my passion and determination to complete this study. We are forever

grateful for the presence and contributions of these remarkable individuals in my

life. Thank you for being our source of strength, inspiration, and encouragement

throughout this research endeavor.

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COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

DEDICATION

To the educators and mentors who have dedicated their expertise and

passion to nurturing the minds and talents of PLV BSPA students, this research is

a tribute to your unwavering commitment to academic excellence and career

development. For the families and friends of the graduates, whose unconditional

love and support have been the cornerstone of their success, this research is

dedicated to your enduring belief in their potential and dreams.

To the future generations of PLV BSPA students who will benefit from the

insights and findings of this study, may your academic pursuits and career

aspirations be guided by the lessons learned and experiences shared in this

research.

This research is dedicated to the spirit of learning, growth, and achievement

that defines the PLV BSPA community. May it serve as a beacon of inspiration and

empowerment for all those who strive to make a meaningful impact in the

professional world. With heartfelt dedication and admiration for the PLV BSPA

graduates and the community that has shaped their journey, this research stands

as a testament to the collective efforts, aspirations, and successes of all those

involved.

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 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

A CAREER TRACER STUDY ON THE EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA BACHELOR OF SCIENCE

IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION GRADUATES

Yesha Althea Francisco

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela
Tongco Street, Maysan, Valenzuela City, Philippines
[email protected]

Daniela Melencion
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela
Tongco Street, Maysan, Valenzuela City, Philippines
[email protected]

Alexandra Laguidao
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela
Tongco Street, Maysan, Valenzuela City, Philippines
[email protected]

Patani, Patrick
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela
Tongco Street, Maysan, Valenzuela City, Philippines
[email protected]

Shekinah Ailah R. Villalva

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela
Tongco Street, Maysan, Valenzuela City, Philippines
[email protected]

Abstract: By delving into the employment status of PLV BSPA graduates and

evaluating their professional journeys from 2013 to 2023, this research contributes

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Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

to the broader discourse on education, workforce development, and the alignment

of academic programs with industry demands. The objective of this research is to

shed light on the labor market dynamics for PLV BSPA graduates, identify patterns

of employment, and assess the impact of the program on their career progression.

Through a comprehensive analysis of data collected through surveys, interviews,

and data analysis techniques, the study aims to offer recommendations for

enhancing the employability and career prospects of future BSPA graduates. The

findings of this study are expected to inform academic institutions, policymakers,

and employers on strategies to better equip graduates for the evolving landscape

of public administration careers.

Keywords--- Career Pathway, Career Development, Employment Status, Public

Administration

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Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preliminaries Pages

Copyright i
Certification ii
Certification of Originality iii
Acknowledgement iv
Dedication v
Abstract vi

CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction 1
Background of the Study 5
Statement of the Problem 8
Theoretical Framework 9
Conceptual Framework 11
Scope and Limitation of the Study 12
Significance of the Study 15
Definition of Terms 16
Research Timeline 18

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Graduate Employability and Skills Development 20
Impact of Internships on Employment Outcomes 23
Industry Relevance of Academic Programs 25
Job Satisfaction and Career Progression 28
Employment Trends and Labor Market 29
Synthesis 34

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Methods of Research 37
Profile of the Respondents 40
Description of the Respondents 41
Description of the Key Informants 44
Data Gathering Procedure 45
Primary Data Sources 46
Secondary Data Sources 47
Survey 47
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COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Data Analysis
Document Analysis 48
Textual Analysis 48
Descriptive Analysis 49
Content Analysis 49
Ethical Consideration Statement 50

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Current employment status of PLV BSPA 2017-2023 Graduates 52
Age Group 52
Educational Attainment 53
Gender 54
Year Graduated 55
Employment Status 56
Different Sectors 57
Monthly Income 58
Type of Employment 59
Time took to get a First Job 59
Factors and competencies influenced the employment status 60
Influence of the Course on Employment Opportunities 61
Skills and Knowledge That Impact Employment Status 62
Readiness for the Job Market and Technological Proficiency 63
Understanding Public Needs and Leadership Skills 64
Problems and Challenges encountered by Graduates 65
Lack of confidence in public speaking 66
Ability to manage a team effectively 67
Healthy work-life balance 68
Time Management 69
CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings 70
Graduate Participation 70
Employment Status 70
Career Paths and Skill Application 71
Challenges and Job Satisfaction 71
Conclusion 72
Recommendation 74

Bibliography 76
Appendix 88
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Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Research Timeline 18
Table 2. Research Design Matrix 38
Table 3. Profile of the Respondents 42
Table 4. Number of BSPA PLV Graduates from 2017 – 2023 44
Table 5. Profile of the Key Informants 45
Table 6. The Respondents Age Group 52
Table 7. The Respondents Highest Educational Attainment 53
Table 8. The Respondents Gender 54
Table 9. The Respondents Year Graduated 55
Table 10. The Respondents Employment Status 56
Table 11. The Respondents Different Sectors 57
Table 12. The Respondents Monthly Income 58
Table 13. The Respondents Type of Employment 59
Table 14. The Respondents Time took to get a First Job 59

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Conceptual framework of Tracer Study 12
Figure 2. Triangulation Approach 39
Figure 4. Research Design Flowchart 46
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

The transition from higher education to the workforce is a pivotal phase in

the lives of graduates, profoundly influencing their professional trajectories and

overall satisfaction with their educational experience. In the Philippines, the

unemployment rate in 2023 stands at 4.2%, translating to approximately 2.09

million individuals seeking employment (PSA, 2024). This high unemployment rate

is exacerbated by stringent employment standards that require recent graduates

to possess significant work experience. Consequently, many graduates find

themselves ill-equipped to meet these demands immediately upon graduation,

leading to a job mismatch where their degrees do not align with available positions

(Hirsch, 2019).

The Department of Labor and Employment released a list in January 2014

of the most desired but challenging positions to fill in the Philippines. These hard-

to-fill positions are those that employers find difficult to fill either due to lack of

suitable candidates or a shortage of applicants (ABS-CBN News, 2014).

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Additionally, employers face challenges because many talented candidates prefer

to work overseas, demand higher wages, or have scheduling or location-related

issues (Sanchez-Hernandez et al., 2019). This situation is exacerbated by the

mismatch between educational outcomes and job market requirements, where

many graduates are unable to find positions that align with their degrees due to

the high standards and specific demands of employers (Kim & Choi, 2018).

University graduates are not the same as high school graduates. University

education often instills in graduates a sense of purpose and direction, equipping

them with specialized knowledge and skills for their chosen fields. The transition

from academia to the professional world can be daunting, especially when

graduates are confronted with the realities of a competitive job market and the

uncertainty of their prospects. Consequently, despite their qualifications and

aspirations, many graduates experience feelings of apprehension and self-doubt

as they navigate the complexities of job hunting and career planning. In their

eagerness to kickstart their professional journey, graduates often cast a wide net,

applying for numerous job opportunities, even if they harbor doubts about their

suitability or chances of securing employment (Bujsaim, 2012). This underscores

the significance of providing adequate support and resources to empower

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Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

graduates in their transition from education to employment, ensuring that they are

equipped with the confidence and skills necessary to thrive in their chosen career

paths (Zarraga, 2017).

A tracer study examines whether graduates are satisfied with job

opportunities and the factors that led them to choose different career paths after

graduation. These researchers aim to uncover the underlying factors driving

graduates’ career decisions, shedding light on the complex interplay of personal

aspirations, societal expectations, and economic realities. By examining

sociodemographic characteristics, such as age, gender, and socioeconomic

background, tracer studies provide a deeper understanding of how these factors

shape career trajectories. Furthermore, this researcher analyzes graduates’ prior

academic achievements, including their field of study, academic performance, and

extracurricular involvement, to assess their impact on career outcomes. Through

this comprehensive approach, tracer studies offer valuable insights into the

broader relationship between higher education and graduate careers, informing

policy interventions and educational reforms aimed at enhancing graduate

employability and career prospects. (The World Bank, 2019).

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Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Hence, the journey from student to alumni is a highly individualized

experience, influenced by various factors such as personal goals, educational

background, and economic circumstances. As graduates navigate this transition,

the emphasis shifts from academic pursuits, such as essay writing, to the practical

endeavor of securing employment. This transition often requires adaptation and

flexibility, as graduates may encounter unexpected challenges and opportunities

in the job market. While some fortunate graduates seamlessly transition into their

desired careers, many others face a more arduous path characterized by job

searching, rejections, and career exploration. In such instances, remaining open-

minded and willing to explore alternative pathways to success is essential. Being

prepared to try new approaches and venture into uncharted territories can lead to

unexpected opportunities and eventual career fulfillment (Hickey, 2015).

Moreover, within the perspective of public administration, the challenges

confronting society in the twenty-first century demand a paradigm shift towards

innovative management methodologies, transformative leadership, and the adept

utilization of data-driven approaches to enhance worker productivity. This

imperative not only aligns with the evolving landscape of governance but also

anticipates a surge in both the quantity and caliber of demand from the public for

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Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

efficient and responsive government services (Pujiastuti, 2017). By embracing

these principles, public administrators can effectively navigate the complex

interplay of societal needs, technological advancements, and policy imperatives,

thereby fostering greater trust and satisfaction among citizens.

On the other hand, within the scope of this study, the focal participants are

the 520 alumni graduates of Public Administration, who will serve as respondents

to address the research questions at hand. This inquiry endeavors to delve into

the employability status of these graduates and conduct a comprehensive analysis

of their career trajectories within the PLV-BSPA (Public Administration) program

spanning the years 2017 to 2023. By scrutinizing the employment outcomes and

career paths of these individuals, this study aims to provide valuable insights into

the efficacy and impact of the program, as well as offer actionable

recommendations for its enhancement and alignment with evolving industry

demands and societal needs.

Background of the Study

Programs are evaluated basically, because administrative decisions have

to be made, and it is important to know and show that programs are good programs

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(Royce et al., 2001). Tracer study is one way of evaluating curricular programs,

especially in higher education institutions (cf Ugwounah & Omeje, 1998;

Schomburg, 2003; Mancao, 2010; Gines, 2014; Ramirez, Cruz & Alcantara, 2014;

and Pannogan & Ocampo, 2016). Tracer study can answer the questions, such

as: (1) are the clients/ students being helped?; (2) are the clients/ students satisfied

with the services received?; (3) Has the program made any real difference?; (4)

Does the program deserve the amount of money spent on it?; and (5) How can the

program be improved?

"Public Administration consists of all those operations having for their

purposes the fulfillment or enforcement of public policy." (White, 1995). The term

“Administration” assumes a distinct connotation when qualified by the adjective

“public,” signifying the administration’s focus within the public sector—a segment

of society devoted to serving the collective interests of its constituents (Adebayo,

1982). Hence, Public Administration emerges as synonymous with governmental

administration, functioning within the specialized domain of governance. As

articulated by Olla et al. (2015), it serves as the instrumental apparatus for

executing governmental policies, thereby facilitating the realization of societal

objectives.

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Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Public affairs schools play a pivotal role in shaping the next generation of

public servants by fostering a comprehensive understanding of the numerous

Grand Challenges and delineating optimal strategies for addressing them. This

role assumes heightened significance as the Grand Challenges are increasingly

recognized alongside significant national initiatives aimed at reshaping the

landscape of public administration education (Gerton & Mitchell, 2019). As such,

these educational institutions are poised to equip aspiring public servants with the

requisite knowledge, skills, and perspectives to navigate the evolving complexities

of governance effectively.

The purpose of the Career Tracer Study among the graduates of PLV BSPA

(Bachelor of Science in Public Administration) 2017-2023 is to conduct extensive

research that seeks to provide a reliable understanding on what happens to its

alumni after graduation. Through this study it would be possible to measure the

success of BSPA curriculum in terms of equipping students with skills and

knowledge critical for successful entry into the job market. Various aspects

including employment status, career advancement, job satisfaction rates, further

educational pursuits, adaptation of learnt competencies as well as contributions

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COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

made towards their areas of specialization and societies will form part of this

investigation.

This research supports the wider vision of enhancing quality in academic

programs and improving faculty engagement strategies through fostering

continuous improvement efforts. The results of this study can be used to improve

the curriculum and instruction of the graduate program in bachelor’s in public

administration, which makes it highly significant for the university's research

priorities. In general, the study's findings seek to collect data regarding educational

outcomes in terms of a graduate's transition from the classroom to the workforce;

the output of education in the form of an evaluation of mastery and competency

acquisition; the educational process as an assessment of the learning process;

and the role of higher education in the future careers of its graduates.

Statement of the Problem

The primary goal of this study is to determine employability status and

assess the career paths of PLV-BSPA graduates from 2017 to 2023. This

research specifically aims to address the following questions:

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Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

1. What is the current employment status of PLV BSPA 2017-2023

Graduates?

2. What factors and competencies influenced the employment status of

Batch 2017 - 2023 Graduates?

3. What are the problems and challenges encountered by graduates of

PLV BSPA in finding employment?

Theoretical Framework

This research is anchored in Human Capital Theory and Social Capital

Theory emphasizes the importance of skills as valuable assets. By assessing the

specific skills acquired by PLV BSPA graduates during their program, such as

analytical skills, communication skills, and industry-specific knowledge, the

analysis can determine the extent to which their human capital has been

developed (Becker as cited by Melink & Pavlin, 2011).

Social Capital Theory emphasizes the importance of social networks and

relationships in achieving individual and collective goals. It suggests that

individuals with strong social connections, including family, friends, colleagues,

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Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

and mentors, have access to valuable resources, information, and support that can

enhance their career opportunities (Seibert, Kraimer, and Liden, 2001)

The Human Capital theory suggests that investments in education and

training enhance individuals' human capital and increase their earning potential.

By examining how the educational background of PLV BSPA graduates aligns with

their employment opportunities, the analysis can establish a link between

education, skills acquisition, and employment status. The theory highlights the

importance of addressing skill gaps to enhance human capital. While Social

Capital theory highlights the role of social networks in the job search process. The

study will explore the extent to which PLV BS PA graduates utilize their social

networks to secure employment. It will also investigate the role of alumni

associations and university connections in facilitating job placement.

By identifying any discrepancies between the skills possessed by PLV

BSPA graduates and those demanded by employers, the analysis can pinpoint

areas for skill development and improvement to enhance their employability.

Human Capital Theory suggests that continuous investment in skills and

knowledge leads to career advancement. By examining the career trajectories of

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Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

PLV BSPA graduates and how their human capital evolves over time, the analysis

can provide insights into their potential for advancement and growth in the

workforce. By applying Human Capital Theory and Social Capital to the analysis

of PLV BSPA graduates' employment status, the findings can inform policy

decisions and program developments aimed at enhancing the human capital of

future graduates, improving their job prospects, and fostering career success.

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of this research is anchored on the assumption

that the employment status of graduates is influenced by various factors, including

their educational background, skills acquired during their academic journey, and

the prevailing job market conditions. The study aims to evaluate the employment

status of PLV BSPA graduates from 2017 to 2023 and understand the factors that

contribute to their career outcomes. The employment status of PLV BSPA

graduates from 2017 to 2023, including employment rates, job positions, salary

levels, and job satisfaction, will be assessed to understand their career outcomes.

Factors influencing graduates' employment status, such as industry trends, job

market demands, and individual career choices, will be analyzed to identify

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Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

patterns and trends over the years. By examining these components within the

conceptual framework, the study aims to provide insights into the employment

status of PLV BSPA graduates and identify areas for improvement in the BSPA

program to enhance the career prospects of future graduates.

Figure. 1 Conceptual framework of Tracer Study

Significance of the study

The study provides valuable insights into the employment landscape and

career trajectories of graduates from a specific academic program over a ten-year

period, offering an understanding of the challenges and opportunities faced by

PLV-BSPA graduates entering the workforce. The beneficiaries of this research

are categorized into groups as follows:

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Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela - The study's findings hold

significant practical implications for career services and educational

programs aimed at improving graduate employability at the College of

Public Administration and Governance at Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng

Valenzuela. By meticulously identifying key factors shaping employment

outcomes and crafting evidence-based guidelines, this research provides

actionable insights to fine-tune and enhance their respective career

services and educational programs. This enables career counselors to tailor

their guidance to address specific challenges faced by graduates, such as

skills gaps or industry demands, while educational institutions can adjust

their curricula to incorporate practical skills and knowledge that are in high

demand in the job market, thereby better preparing graduates for successful

career transitions.

Faculty - This study promotes all educators should broaden their

classrooms and keep teaching their students to be more successful,

competitive, and proficient in their chosen fields.

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Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

PLV-BSPA Graduates - This study significantly benefits PLV-BSPA

Graduates by identifying the distinct challenges and opportunities they

encountered in the job market. The insights gained can help them

understand the skills and competencies that are most valued by employers,

allowing them to better align their career preparation with industry demands.

Public Administration Students - In this study, students can benefit from

this research by gaining a better understanding of the employment

landscape and the specific challenges they might face upon graduation.

This knowledge can help them to better prepare for their careers by focusing

on developing the skills and competencies that are in high demand in the

job market.

Future Researchers - The study also adds to the existing literature on

career development and employability by highlighting the experiences and

challenges unique to graduates of the PLV-BSPA program, filling a gap in

the literature and providing valuable insights for researchers and

practitioners interested in understanding and supporting the transition from

education to employment. The study's focus on a specific academic

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Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

program also enables comparisons with other similar programs,

contributing to the development of best practices in career guidance and

educational planning.

Scope and Limitation

This study focused on examining employability status and analyzing the

career paths of PLV-BSPA graduates from 2017 to 2023 . The researchers explore

their employability status and career paths while considering various influential

factors. The study provides valuable insights into the broader employability

landscape of graduates. The study also focused on understanding PLV-BSPA

graduates’ insights into their career paths, along with the strategies and practices

they developed to cope. By utilizing data, the study offers a more comprehensive

understanding of the challenges and barriers encountered by PLV-BSPA

graduates in navigating their career paths.

Although the study has a specific geographic context, its contribution to

understanding the dynamics of employability among graduates is significant.

Through meticulous data collection and analysis, it aims to provide valuable

insights into the efficacy of the PLV-BSPA program in preparing graduates for entry

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COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

into the workforce and navigating the complexities of the job market. By delving

into various factors influencing employment outcomes, this study aims to refine

career guidance and educational strategies. At the end of the study, the guidelines

aim to optimize career services and educational programs, thereby contributing to

improved graduate employability.

Definition of Terms

Public Administration - analyze how constitutional law regulates and

informs the way administrators interact with each other and the public

(David, 2017).

Career Advancement - involves the progression and development within

one's professional field, often involving promotions, increased

responsibilities, higher salaries, and opportunities for skill enhancement and

personal growth (Rosenberg, 2018).

Career Path - a long-term plan that includes specific steps or tasks that

help you advance to a desirable occupation or new role (Wakeham, 2023).

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Career Tracer - a very powerful tool that can provide valuable information
for evaluating the whereabouts and performance of the graduates in the
workplace (Gonzaga, 2019).

Career Trajectories - is a term used to describe the path an individual takes

throughout their career, it also involves staying in one position for a long

period of time or moving up to higher level positions with higher pay and

new titles (Avci, 2023).

Educational Pursuits - ongoing process of seeking knowledge, skills, and

personal development through formal or informal education (Ikede, 2019).

Employment Status - defines the rights and employment protections they

are entitled to at work and therefore dictates the responsibilities that an

employer owes to that employee (Abdulkadir, 2023).

Job Market - the dynamic interaction between employers and job seekers,

where available positions are filled by qualified individuals seeking

employment opportunities (Henrekson, 2020).

Job Satisfaction - has a large impact on motivation, which in turn affects

productivity and organizational performance (Aziri, 2011).

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Policy Imperatives- play a crucial role in shaping regulations and

frameworks and also direct actions that need to be taken to address specific

issues or achieve certain goals (Lipton, 2016).

RESEARCH TIMELINE

Table 1. Research Timeline

2024 2025
Ju Sep De
Target Feb Mar Apr May Jun Aug Oct Nov Jan Feb
l t c
Research
Design Matrix
Proposal
Writing and
Editing Chapter
3
Writing and
Editing Chapter
1
Writing and
Editing Chapter
2
Literature
Review (IMRAD
Writing)
Submission of
Abstract to
International
Conference
International
Conference
Presentation
Proposal
Defense
Developing
Instrument
Approval of
Instrument
Data Gathering
Writing Chapter
4 and 5

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Final Defense
IMRAD Writing
International
Conference
Presentation
Journal
Publication

LEGEND:

COMPLETED ON GOING

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Graduates’ Employability and Skills Development

Employability is the lifelong, continuous process of acquiring experience,

new knowledge, purposeful learning, and skills that contribute to improving your

marketability for enhancing your potential to obtain and maintain employment

through various shifts in the labor market (Pologeorgis, 2015). For graduates,

particularly those entering today's competitive and rapidly evolving job market,

understanding and enhancing employability is crucial. The transition from

academic life to professional employment requires more than just technical

knowledge or subject-specific expertise (Tuononen, 2019). However, the

challenges facing graduates in employability and skills development are

multifaceted. Despite the increasing number of graduates, many struggle to secure

employment due to a gap between academic learning and job market demands.

This disparity often leaves graduates deficient in practical, job-specific skills

necessary for success in their chosen fields (Morrison, 2012).

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Behluli et al. (2022) delved into the intricate dynamics between the skills

honed by graduates during their academic journey and the formidable challenges

awaiting them in the labor market, with a keen focus on their employability.

Recognizing the paramount importance of graduates' ability to translate their skills

into tangible employment opportunities. The findings revealed an inverse

relationship: as graduates' skills increased, the challenges they encountered in

securing employment decreased. The study demonstrated that the students' skills

had a significant negative impact on their challenges, indicating that better-skilled

graduates experienced fewer difficulties when entering the labor market. These

findings are consistent with European Centre for the Development of Vocational

Training (CEDEFOP) (2013), narrowing the gap between the skills students learn

in school and those needed in the workplace can significantly reduce employment

challenges. By aligning educational curricula more closely with the demands of the

labor market, graduates are better equipped to transition smoothly into their

professional careers, thereby enhancing their employability and reducing the

obstacles they face in securing suitable employment (Lauder & Mayhew, 2020).

Employers across industries recognize the importance of having access to a

workforce composed of candidates with both hard and soft skills. The findings
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indicate that the six skills and competencies rated highest in importance by

employers are: (1) interpersonal skills/working well with others; (2) critical

thinking/problem-solving skills; (3) listening skills; oral/speech communication

skills; (4) professionalism; and (5) personal motivation. These skills are essential

for creating a cohesive and productive work environment. In a parallel study

performed by the same authors (Baird, 2019), it is included that employers value

these competencies because they contribute to better teamwork, innovation, and

adaptability in the workplace. Soft skills are of special interest, as researchers have

found that many new hires lack critical skills such as communication, teamwork,

leadership, problem-solving, and dependability (Majid et al., 2019)

Buslig's (2021) comprehensive research delved into the multifaceted

landscape of graduate employment, shedding light on a multitude of factors that

play pivotal roles in shaping the career trajectories of graduates entering the

workforce. These factors include (1) eligibility, which refers to the qualifications and

credentials required for specific job roles; (2) work experience related to the job,

highlighting the importance of relevant practical experience in securing

employment; and (3) agency preferences, which were described as having a

moderate effect on employment outcomes. Additionally, the study demonstrates

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that to improve their employability, graduates should actively participate in

seminars, training sessions, and workshops aligned with their field of interest.

These activities not only provide valuable orientation but also help graduates gain

insights into the expectations and culture of their preferred agencies. In a

complementary analysis by the same author (Buslig, 2021), furthering their

education by enrolling in a Master of Public Administration (MPA) program can

enhance their educational qualifications, thereby making them more attractive to

potential employers. This advanced degree can provide deeper knowledge and

skills in public administration, increasing their competitiveness in the job market.

Impact of Internships on Employment Outcomes

Upon graduation, graduates encounter numerous challenges when attempting

to enter the workforce. Employers want knowledge, practical skills, and experience

as prerequisites for hiring, but recent grades don't meet these standards.

Internships are “short-term work experience that provides the opportunity to

explore and recognize a career field, profession, or sector” (Perri, 2006). Students

generally seek internships during the undergraduate period, and it is a practice

that helps students in the career planning process before finding a full-time job

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(Coco, 2000). In the study conducted by Qubati & Tammim (2021) The results

demonstrated how beneficial internship programs are for improving employability

skills, increasing work opportunities, and producing graduates. Additionally, the

results demonstrated the importance of internship programs for fresh graduates.

The study conducted relates to “A Career Tracer Study on the Employment Status

of PLV BSPA 2013 - 2023 graduates” in the sense that both papers stress the

significance of internship in improving students’ employability readiness. While the

researcher’s paper is a tracer study which focuses on the graduates’ employment

status during the 10 year period, the paper on university internship program

focuses on the significance of practical knowledge such as internship in improving

students’ employability skills and their job market readiness. Combining both

papers will give a broader picture on the graduates’ employability and the factors

that contribute to it, such as the internship experience they had during their studies

which in turn shapes their career readiness.

Internships provide a platform for academic students to blend theoretical

knowledge with real-world working situations and put it into practice (Sahrir, et al.,

2016). In the study conducted by Bawica, I.M. (2021) determines the internship

program and its assessed impact on the job preparation of selected graduating
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university students. Three personal characteristics (academic readiness, optimistic

attitude, and self-initiative) and four organizational elements (difficult job, effective

supervision, task clarity and pay were considered as key aspects of a realistic

internship based on a literature review. The internship was shown to be highly

helpful in improving employability skills and attitudes towards future careers. The

study found that successful internship programs rely on both academic internship

programs and internship placement access to provide great experiences for

students and employers. In the study conducted, programs help graduates to

improve their chances of getting a job by providing them with skills, education, and

experience desired by employers. This study goes along with the researcher's

paper, both emphasizing correlational variables that enhance the employability

and career paths chosen by graduates.

Industry Relevance of Academic Programs

The importance of industry relevance in academic programs lies in its ability

to enhance graduates' employability, address skills gaps, foster industry

partnerships, promote innovation, and ensure students' career readiness. By

aligning academic curricula with industry needs and trends, educational institutions

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can better prepare students for the workforce, equip them with practical skills, and

facilitate collaborations that benefit both academia and industry. This alignment

not only enhances graduates' job prospects but also encourages innovation and

creativity while ensuring that students are well-prepared for professional roles

(Smith & Johnson, 2021). The research emphasized that graduates who had

exposure to industry-relevant skills during their academic training were more likely

to be sought after by employers and were able to transition smoothly into their

chosen careers. This indicates that a strong connection between academic

programs and industry requirements is crucial for ensuring the relevance and

effectiveness of higher education in preparing students for the workforce. The

significance of integrating industry-relevant skills and practical training into

academic programs to enhance graduates' employability and success in securing

jobs in their respective fields of study. This research provides valuable insights for

educational institutions, policymakers, and stakeholders in shaping curricula that

meet the demands of the evolving job market and contribute to the professional

development of graduates (Lee & Chang, 2018).

Internships provide students with hands-on experience, exposure to real-

world challenges, and the opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge in practical

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settings. By bridging the gap between academic learning and industry

expectations, internships help students develop industry-specific skills, build

professional networks, and gain valuable insights into their chosen field (Garcia &

Patel 2020). This study underscores how internships bridge the gap between

academic learning and industry expectations, allowing students to develop

industry-specific skills, build professional networks, and gain valuable insights into

their chosen field. According to Brown & White (2019), by aligning academic

curricula with industry needs and trends, students are equipped with the necessary

skills and knowledge that directly translate into employability. To take on the issue,

a tracer study could provide data to enhance education, training, and employment

policies. It can also assist graduates in selecting their educational or professional

pathways and acquire the skills required by employers (Schomburg, 2016).

Substantial analysis of graduate employment provides a very limited picture of

graduates' professional achievement, suggesting that work status is a good

measure of success (Adenle et al., 2010).

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Job Satisfaction and Career Progression

Graduates from colleges apply their skills, especially those gained in the

improved academic profession largely in their personal and professional

development; it's possible that their work fits into the graduate program they are

enrolled in at the college (Lapena, 2023). The level of satisfaction employees feels

with their everyday work as well as the effect of their personal life is defined as job

satisfaction (BasuMallick, 2021). Many graduates are employed in a field related

to their studies, the majority of them have previous employment before they started

working at this level (Perral & Solis, 2019). An increase in pay leads to a greater

degree of job satisfaction and in order to find a better paying job, many people go

to university and a lot of college graduates don't like the job after they get it

(O'Donnell, 2015).

Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that achieving the intended outcomes

depends on happy workers who collaborate well to achieve goals and success,

whether they work in a group or for the benefit of the organization as a whole and

this approach avoids isolating workers and instead encourages them to work well

together to achieve success (Jalagat, 2016). Similarly, the most important factors

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for employees' organizational commitment are safety and good relationships with

supervisors and colleagues, in particular in the nature of the job, the way in which

they supervise, the security of their jobs, the recognition and advancement (Inayat

& Khan, 2021).

According to Wooll (2022), career advancement is the way to achieving your

long-term goals. This is how you progress from your first job after graduating from

college to team leadership. Career advancement is a long-term process of working

toward your ultimate professional goals, such as becoming CEO or starting a firm.

In philippines, in spite of all their preparation for the profession, many others point

out that wage gaps, working conditions and lack of employment are among the

reasons why so many people leave a job or have faced difficulties as they transition

to new careers in technical skills, work environment, and routine tasks (Condes &

Toni-an, 2022). Many Filipinos work overseas for their careers to succeed and for

them to be able to claim that their degrees have been earned (Japos, 2020).

Employment Trends and Labor Market

Over the last decade, the global employment landscape has undergone

significant transformation due to economic fluctuations, technological advances,

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and shifts in industry needs. Between 2013 and 2023, multiple economic

recessions and recoveries influenced job availability and stability across various

sectors, creating a volatile job market where periods of job loss were followed by

phases of recovery and growth (International Labour Organization, 2023). These

economic dynamics force industries and workers to adapt rapidly, often leading to

shifts in employment patterns and job security concerns. Technological

advancements played a crucial role in reshaping the workforce by creating new

roles and rendering some traditional jobs obsolete. This technological evolution

necessitated a shift in workforce skills towards more digital and adaptable

competencies, emphasizing the need for continuous learning and skill

development to stay relevant (UN Trade and Development, 2023). For instance,

the rise of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) led to the decline of certain

manual jobs while simultaneously creating demand for tech-savvy professionals

capable of managing and innovating within these new technological frameworks.

Additionally, there was a notable shift towards digital literacy and flexible

working conditions. The proliferation of remote work, gig economy jobs, and

freelance opportunities underscored a move away from traditional 9-to-5 office

setups towards more flexible and diverse work arrangements (Bannykh, 2021).

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This shift not only required employees to adapt to new digital tools and platforms

but also influenced organizational structures and employment policies, fostering a

more dynamic and resilient workforce.The cumulative outcome of these trends is

a workforce that is increasingly characterized by adaptability, digital proficiency,

and flexibility. Workers have had to continually upgrade their skills and embrace

new modes of working to maintain employability in an ever-evolving job market.

This perpetual adjustment process has underscored the critical importance of

lifelong learning and the ability to pivot in response to changing economic and

technological landscapes. Ultimately, these changes reflect a broader

transformation in work itself, driving a future where agility and innovation are key

to employment stability and growth.

Recent graduates in public administration have faced unusual employment

patterns shaped by global and local factors. Nationally, employment levels for

public administration graduates have remained relatively steady, although these

levels vary based on prevailing economic conditions and government hiring

policies. The demand for public administration professionals is influenced by

governmental reforms and budget allocations, which fluctuate with political and

economic situations. A study by the University of Pangasinan found that fresh

graduates in public administration often experience challenges in securing

employment, partly because they have to wait longer for government positions due

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to a lack of experience (Rocaberte, 2016).Research from Kapalong College of

Agriculture, Sciences and Technology (KCAST) revealed that the employment rate

for their Bachelor of Public Administration (BPA) graduates from the 2018–2023

batch is 65%, indicating that a significant majority of their graduates can secure

full-time jobs (Failagmao, 2024). However, a tracer study at Kalinga-Apayao State

College found that while most BPA graduates are employed, only a few passed

government exams (Buslig, 2021). This highlights the need for BPA graduates to

enroll in review courses, particularly for the Civil Service exam and other

government eligibility tests, to improve their employment prospects. The outcome

of these patterns is that public administration graduates must adapt by enhancing

their qualifications through additional training and certifications. Enrolling in review

courses, attending workshops, training sessions, and seminars aligned with their

career interests are essential steps to increase their employability. These

measures help graduates gain the necessary insights and skills demanded by

potential employers, particularly within the government sector. As a result, while

the employment landscape for public administration graduates presents

challenges, targeted efforts to improve their qualifications and skills can

significantly enhance their job prospects and career stability.

Common issues identified by researchers regarding the employment

challenges faced by Bachelor of Public Administration (BPA) graduates include a

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mismatch between their skills and job market demands, a lack of practical

experience, and intense competition for limited job openings. A study by the

Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) found that 40 percent of

Filipino employees are overqualified for their jobs, possessing academic

credentials beyond what is required for their positions. These overqualified

employees earned only five percent more for their higher education despite being

overeducated for their roles (Chanco, 2023). Additionally, Verona (2011)

emphasizes that the government should address labor mismatch issues,

particularly in urban or semi-urban areas, where there is insufficient labor to

compensate for the loss in productive labor.

A three-year study (2006–2008) of Open University Malaysia (OUM) graduates

revealed that their study programs significantly impacted their overall

development, particularly in maturity, independence, and teamwork (Latif &

Bahroom, 2010). These findings underscore the importance of aligning

educational curricula with job market needs to enhance employability.

Implementing tracer studies is essential for institutions to evaluate and enhance

their curricula, ensuring they meet employment needs and fulfill their social

responsibilities. Addressing these issues could lead to several positive outcomes.

Firstly, aligning educational programs with market demands can reduce the skills

mismatch, making graduates more employable and relevant to industry needs.

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Secondly, enhancing practical experience through internships and on-the-job

training can better prepare graduates for the workforce, making them more

competitive for job openings. Thirdly, reducing overqualification and improving job

fitness can lead to higher job satisfaction and productivity, as employees feel their

skills are adequately utilized and valued. Finally, institutional reforms based on

tracer study findings can lead to more adaptive and responsive educational

systems, ultimately contributing to a more efficient and effective labor market.

Synthesis

The landscape of higher education and workforce readiness is evolving

rapidly, with a growing emphasis on the industry relevance of academic programs

to enhance graduates' employability and success in the professional world. The

interconnected themes of skills development, the impact of internships on

employment outcomes, and the importance of industry collaboration in curriculum

development. These aspects are crucial in preparing graduates for the dynamic

demands of the job market, bridging the gap between academic learning and

industry expectations, and ensuring students are well-equipped for successful

careers.

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Graduates often face challenges in securing jobs due to a disconnect

between academic learning and the dynamic demands of the job market, leading

to deficiencies in practical, job-specific skills necessary for success in their chosen

fields. However, research demonstrates that the acquisition of skills by graduates

plays a crucial role in reducing employment challenges, highlighting the

importance of aligning educational curricula with industry needs to better equip

graduates for the workforce.

Internships are identified as pivotal in bridging the gap between academic

learning and industry expectations, providing students with hands-on experience,

industry-specific skills, and valuable insights into their chosen fields, ultimately

enhancing their employability and job prospects. Furthermore, the industry

relevance of academic programs is underscored as essential for addressing skills

gaps, fostering industry partnerships, promoting innovation, and ensuring students'

career readiness, with programs incorporating industry-relevant skills and practical

training proving to be effective in producing graduates who are readily employable

and successful in securing jobs in their respective fields. The literature also

highlights the significance of job satisfaction, career progression, and the

challenges faced by Filipino graduates, including wage gaps, working conditions,

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and the need to work overseas for career success, emphasizing the importance of

addressing these factors to enhance graduates' transition to the workforce and

long-term career success.

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Methods of Research

This research intends to ascertain the employability status and analyze the

viability of PLV-BSPA graduates Batch 2017 to 2023 in Valenzuela City, Metro

Manila, Philippines. To establish the data tracer of the said graduates this research

will use a mixed-methods approach for the study that incorporates both

quantitative and qualitative research approaches.

In using the mixed- method statistical approach, a comprehensive and

accurate result in determining the employability of those who graduated from the

program of Public Administration will be identified. The outcome of the data

gathering will be the basis of this research to make recommendations which may

fill the gaps in this research study. According to (Julius, 2019) mixed methods

research consists of gathering, analyzing, and combining quantitative and

qualitative data. This method is employed when the two approaches give a greater

knowledge of the study than any of the components alone. Combining the

advantages of both approaches will provide a deeper comprehension and study of

the subject matter. The mixed methods technique utilized in this study will be

supplemented by triangulation, which is a technique that is frequently used in

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academic research to obtain a broader understanding of the topic being studied

(Arslan, 2022). This approach will allow for a more complex study of employability

and career paths of PLV-BSPA graduates. Looking at the numerous data sources,

theories, methods, the study can validate findings and limit biases. The use of this

approach not only strengthens the research's validity but also offers a more

comprehensive understanding of the study.

Table 2: Research Design Matrix

Research Research Research Research Research Sources of Data Research Data

Problem Aim Question Objective Outcome Tools Analysis
Establish a To study aims 1. What is the To examine Analysis of the PLV BSPA Primary Data Textual
data tracer to to identify the current the current data Alumni Data Analysis
assess the employability employment employmen Employment records
t status of
effectiveness status and the status of PLV PLV BSPA Status of documents
of the PLV- career path of BSPA 2017- 2017-2023 Public
BSPA PLV-BSPA 2023 Graduates Administration
program graduates Graduates? graduate Existing Research Secondary Document
2017-2023 and Tracer Data Analysis
Studies

Respondents Survey Descriptive

(PLV BSPA 2017- Analysis
2023 Graduate)

Alumni Survey
Association
2.What To evaluate This research Alumni Survey Descriptive
factors and the factors will assess and Association Analysis
competencies influencing evaluate the
influence the the employability
employment employment of the
status of PLV status of graduates by
BSPA PLV BSPA examining their
graduates 2017-2023 ability to
Graduates secure
employment in
their chosen
field or related
industries.
3. What are To identify This research Respondents Survey Descriptive
the problems the will determine (PLV BSPA 2017- Analysis
and challenges the challenges 2023 Graduates)

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Research Research Research Research Research Sources of Data Research Data

Problem Aim Question Objective Outcome Tools Analysis
challenges faced by the and barriers
encountered PLV BSPA encountered
by graduates 2017-2023 by the
of PLV BSPA Graduates graduates
in finding employed
employment? when it comes
to the length of
time seeking a
job and
whether it
aligns with
their completed
degree.

Figure 2. Triangulation Approach

This diagram illustrates the use of various data collection methods and

sources to comprehensively study a Career tracer of the PLV BSPA graduates.

The primary and secondary data of this research would be the PLV Graduates of

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2017-2023 with their completed degree of Bachelor of Science in Public

Administration (BSPA) based on personal information and school data provided by

the Office of the Registrar and the Dean of Public Administration. The respondents

would be graduates of the BSPA Graduates batch 2017-2023, and they might

respond by email and Facebook messaging. Electronic mails were distributed via

cell phone and desktop computers. The key informant would be the experts who

respond to the survey based on the outcome of their personal skills, length of their

profession, or position within the institution and are capable of providing more

details and a deeper insight concerning what is going on within their former Public

Administration students. “It is a procedure that enables validation of data and can

be used in both quantitative and qualitative studies” (Noble & Heale, 2019)

Profile of the Respondents

The profile of the respondents of PLV BSPA 2017-2023 graduates typically

includes detailed demographic information about the individuals who participated

in the study. This information may encompass factors such as age, gender,

educational background, employment history, and current employment status.

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Additionally, the profile may highlight the industries or sectors where the

respondents are employed, their job roles or positions, and the geographical

distribution of their workplaces. Understanding the profile of the respondents is

crucial for analyzing the effectiveness of the educational program in preparing

graduates for the workforce and identifying areas for improvement. By examining

the characteristics of the respondents, researchers can gain valuable insights into

the career trajectories and outcomes of PLV BSPA graduates over the specified

period.

Description of the Respondents

The respondents would be individuals who completed their Bachelor of

Science in Public Administration (BSPA) degree from PLV between the years 2017

and 2023. These respondents will be the alumni of the program who are currently

employed or seeking employment. Conduct an interview and survey to gather

information about their current employment status, and the relevance of their

BSPA degree to their work. The respondents could be working in a variety of

sectors, such as government, non-profit organizations, and private businesses, or

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they could be self-employed. They might be located in various geographic regions,

depending on where they found employment after graduation.

Purposive sampling is utilized in this research study to strategically select

participants from the specific group of BSPA graduates from PLV between 2017

and 2023. This approach ensures that participants possess relevant

characteristics and experiences, allowing for in-depth insights (Patton, 2002). This

sampling technique is particularly useful when the researcher wants to gain in-

depth insights from a targeted group of individuals.

Table 3: Profile of the Respondents in the Following Indicators

PLV BSPA 2017-2023 GRADUATES

Indicator Remarks

Age (23 years old and above) This research can track their career
progression over time, by knowing the
age of the graduates at the time of
employment assessment.

Years Graduated (2017 to 2023) To determine how long they been a

graduate.

Length of Job hunting period To determine how long the

respondents seek employments.

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Status of Employment To define a current or former

employee’s relationship with the
organization they work for.

Employment Profile To determine their employment

whether it aligns with their completed
degree,

Type of Employment To figure out their chosen field of

performing duties.

Years of Employment To know how long they have been

working since they graduated.

Participants who earned a Bachelor of Science in Public Administration

(BSPA) degree from PLV between 2017 and 2023 would be eligible to participate.

All of these participants will be program alumni who are either currently employed

or seeking a job and who answers a question via facebook message, email

message, survey, or other social platforms that requires a response regarding their

demographic profile, job satisfaction, length of seeking job, and type of

employment.

Table 4: Number of BSPA PLV Graduates from 2017-2023

Based on the data provided by the office of the registrar of Pamantasan

ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela, the number of graduates of BSPA from batch 2017 to

2023 is as follows:

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Years Graduated Number of Graduates

2017 80

2018 50

2019 54

2022 47

2023 35

Total: 266

This research focused on the tracer study and employment status of public

administration graduates of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela batch 2017-

2023 in both the public and private sectors. The target group for the tracer study

included graduates of the year 2017 to 2023 of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng

Valenzuela. The respondents comprised all the 266 graduates of the College

which is included in the above-mentioned range of years. This research wanted to

know how the graduates perceive their employment status.

Description of the Key Informants

In this study, the primary source of information is that the President of the

PLV Alumni Association has a broad view of the career trajectories and

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employment status of the BSPA graduates from 2017 to 2023. They have access

to comprehensive data and personal anecdotes about these graduates, making

them a valuable source of information for the research. They could share

aggregate data about the employment status of the graduates, including

information about the sectors they are working in, the positions they hold, and their

geographic locations.

Table 5: Profile of the Key Informants

Key Informants

Indicators Remarks

Years in Service To find out how long his/her service in

his/her position

Position To find out if the participant is in the

right position to answer the interview.

Institution To seek the respondent’s personal

information for the interview.

Data Gathering Procedure

Before initiating the surveys, the research team will first undertake a socio-

demographic evaluation to determine the potential participants. This process will

utilize certain indicators to pinpoint both respondents and key informants.

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Following this, the team will communicate the details of the study to the identified

participants, emphasizing their crucial role. This communication will include the

study's theme, intentions, potential advantages, and possible risks, inviting their

voluntary involvement. The participants will be given a chance to seek clarification

for any misunderstood information.

Figure 4: Research Design Flowchart

Primary Data – This research directly gathers information from the

graduates themselves or from their employers, providing valuable insights into the

employment landscape for PLV BSPA graduates. This data can include details

such as job roles, industries, salary levels, job satisfaction, and career progression.

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Secondary Data

Besides the main data gathered from the PLV Alumni of Bachelor of

Science in Public Administration, this study will also incorporate secondary data to

ensure a wider and more detailed information scope. This additional data will aid

in scrutinizing the primary data and pinpointing discrepancies among various data

sources.

Survey

Upon receiving the participants' full agreement, the research team will

develop a survey questionnaire. This tool will be utilized to gather responses from

the graduates of BSPA. The questionnaire will include a socio-demographic

section, a Likert scale, and an open-ended question.

Part I. The socio-demographic section will gather data about the graduates of PLV

BSPA Batch 2017 - 2023, such as their age, the year they graduated, and their

current employment status.

Part II. The Likert scale will gauge their understanding and experiences.

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Part III. Lastly, the open-ended question will gather any additional insights not

covered by the preset variables. This open-ended question will enhance the data

collected from the Likert scale, offering a more comprehensive understanding of

the graduates.

Data Analysis

In the following report, we delve into a decade-long career tracer study

focusing on BSPA graduates from PLV. The analysis covers the period from 2017

to 2023 and seeks to shed light on the employment status of these graduates,

offering a detailed picture of their career progression post-graduation.

Document Analysis

Document analysis is the process of reviewing or analyzing

documents both printed and electronic in a systematic manner. The

document analysis method involves examining and interpreting data to

uncover meaning, gain understanding, and conclude.

Textual Analysis

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Textual analysis serves as examining and interpreting written or

verbal data. In this study, textual analysis can be used to analyze the

responses from surveys or interviews conducted with graduates. It can help

identify common themes, patterns, or keywords related to their employment

status.

Descriptive Analysis

Descriptive analysis is a type of data research that helps to describe,

demonstrate, or summarize data points such that patterns can emerge that

satisfy all of the data's requirements. It is the process of detecting patterns

and correlations using the most recent as well as past information.

Content Analysis

Content analysis involves systematically categorizing and analyzing

textual or visual data. In this study, content analysis can be used to analyze

documents such as job postings, resumes, or cover letters to understand

the skills, qualifications, or requirements sought by employers. It can

provide insights into the demand for specific skills or the alignment between

graduates' qualifications and job market needs.

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Ethical Consideration Statement

This study adheres to a comprehensive ethical framework aimed at

protecting the rights, welfare, and dignity of all participants. The following ethical

considerations have been carefully addressed:

Informed Consent: Participants received detailed information concerning the

study's objectives, procedures, and potential risks and benefits. They were

explicitly assured of the voluntary nature of their participation and were informed

of their right to withdraw at any point without facing repercussions.

Confidentiality and Anonymity: Participants were apprised that all information they

shared would be treated with the utmost confidentiality and anonymity, ensuring

non-disclosure of their identities in any ensuing publications or reports arising from

the study.

Voluntary Participation: Participation in this research study is entirely voluntary.

Participants are free to decline for any reason and may withdraw at any point or

choose not to respond to specific inquiries. The decision to participate, even after

signing the consent form, remains entirely within the participants' discretion.

Data Protection: All sources of information, including personal data such as survey

responses or interview transcripts, as well as documentary data such as records

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or reports, were duly acknowledged within the study. This commitment to data

protection ensures the responsible and ethical utilization of participants'

contributions, thereby preventing any misuse or unauthorized disclosure.

Research Transparency: The researchers are committed to upholding a standard

of transparency throughout all stages of the research process. This includes

providing thorough explanations of the study's objectives, methodologies, and

findings.

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Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data

of the study. This chapter also includes the graph with textual presentation of the

data gathered that is used to answer the questions of this study. The statement of

the problem in chapter 1 serves as the guide in the presentation, analysis, and

interpretation of data.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM NUMBER 1

1. What is the current employment status of PLV BSPA 2017-2023

Graduates?

Age Frequency Percentage

23-26 years old 87 62.4%

27-30 years old 51 36.2%

30 years old and above 2 1.4%

TABLE 1.1 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents

according to their age

Table 1.1 presents the frequency distribution of the respondents according

to their age. Most of the respondents, accounting for 62.4% of the total, are aged

between 23 and 26 years. The second-largest group, comprising respondents

aged 27 to 30 years, constitutes 36.2% of the total. The smallest age group,

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representing only 1.4% of the population, includes respondents aged 31 years and

above. These findings suggest that most respondents are actively pursuing their

professions and professional growth during the working years of adulthood.

Educational Frequency Percentage

Attainment

Bachelor's Degree 138 97.9%

Master's Degree 3 2.1%

TABLE 1.2 The Respondents Highest Educational Attainment

Table 1.2 The table presents the frequency distribution of the respondents’

highest educational attainment. Most of the respondents, accounting for 97.9% of

the total, are bachelor’s degree holders. Meanwhile, only 2.1% have attained a

master’s degree. These results indicate that most respondents have completed

their bachelor’s degree, highlighting a significant portion of the surveyed population

that has achieved tertiary education but has not pursued further studies at the

graduate level. of interest, that limits pursuing higher education. The small

percentage of master’s degree holders may reflect a specialized group within the

respondents who aim for advanced knowledge and skills in their field.

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 56 39.7%

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Female 74 52.5%

LGBTQ 9 6.4%

Other 2 1.4%

Total 141

TABLE 1.3 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents Gender

Table 1.3 Shows the frequency distribution of the respondents according to

their gender. This shows that most of the respondents are female with a frequency

of 74 and/or a percentage of 52.5%. The male respondents’ frequency is 56 or

39.7% of the total respondents. The LGBTQ respondents’ frequency is 9 or 6.4%

of the total respondents. A small proportion, 1.4% of respondents did not specify

their gender. According to Ullah and Ullah (2019), girls have been outperforming

boys in educational performance across both the Global North and Global South.

Year Graduated Frequency Percentage

2017 31 22%

2018 15 10.6%

2019 33 23.4%

2022 38 27%

2023 24 17%

TABLE 1.4 The Respondents Year Graduated

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Table 1.4 Show the frequency distribution and the percentage of the year

when the respondents graduated. This shows that the year 2022 has the most

alumni who participate in this tracer study with a frequency of 38 or a percentage

of 27% based on the number who answered the questionnaire that the researchers

provided.

Employment Status Frequency Percentage

Employed 125 88.7%

Unemployed 16 11.3%

TABLE 1.5 The Respondents Employment Status

Table 1.5 Shows the frequency distribution table and percentages on the

employment status of the respondents. This shows that most of the respondents

were employed in their current job as of the time when the research was

conducted. This shows that 125 out of the total respondents are employed or

88.7% of the total population of respondents. This also shows that most of the

respondents are employable because only 16 or 11.3 % of the total respondent is

not employed.

Different Sectors Frequency Percentage

Government Sectors 32 25%

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Private Sectors 54 42.2%

Local Government 12 9.4%

International 5 3.9%

Own Business 5 3.9%

Food and Beverage 3 2.3%

Sector

Business Process 17 13.3%

Outsourcing

TABLE 1.6 Frequencies and Percentages of Respondents from Different Sectors

Table 1.6 shows the frequency and percentage of respondents working in

different sectors, with the private sector being the most dominant at 42.2% (54

respondents). This reflects the prominence of private sector jobs, likely due to their

variety and availability in urban and economic hubs. The government sector

follows at 25% (32 respondents), showcasing the stability and opportunities

provided by public employment. The business process outsourcing (BPO) industry

represents 13.3% (17 respondents), a noteworthy figure reflecting the rapid

expansion of the BPO sector, especially in regions like Southeast Asia. Local

government jobs comprise 9.4% (12 respondents), indicating opportunities for

regional public service work. Both international employment (3.9%, 5 respondents)

and entrepreneurship (3.9%, 5 respondents) have lower representations,

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suggesting that fewer individuals are pursuing overseas work or self-employment

compared to more structured sectors.

The food and beverage industry is the least represented, with only 2.3% (3

respondents). This low percentage may indicate limited sample participation or

fewer employment opportunities in this industry. Notably, there were no

respondents in the information technology (IT) or non-governmental organization

(NGO) sectors. This absence could reflect either a sampling limitation or a gap in

the sector’s presence within the surveyed population.

Initial Monthly Income Frequency Percentage

₱5,000.00 - ₱10,000.00 13 13.8%

₱11,000.00 - ₱15,000.00 24 25.5%

₱16,000.00 - ₱20,000.00 21 22.3%

₱21,000.00 - ₱25,000.00 14 14.9%

₱26,000.00 - ₱30,000.00 5 5.3%

₱30,000.00 above 12 12.8%

TABLE 1.7 Monthly Earnings

Table 1.7 Shows the frequency distribution and percentages of the initial

monthly income of the graduates. This shows that most of the graduate’s average

monthly income is in the ranges of 11,000-15,000 with the frequencies of 24 or

25.5% of the total population. This means that the majority of graduates are in the

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category of minimum earners. The least in the category is the respondent’s initial

monthly income, which is the range of 26,000-30,000 and above.

Type of Employment Frequency Percentage

Permanent 90 72%

Temporary 8 6.4%

Contractual 26 20.8%

Elected Official 1 0.8%

Table 1.8 The Respondents Type of Employment

Table 1.8 shows the percentage distribution of the status of employment of

the graduates of Public Administration of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela.

Being permanent as a status of employment of the graduates of Public

Administration got the highest percentage with 72%. Followed by Provisionary or

Contractual with 20.8% and 6.4% who are currently employed in Temporary status.

The remaining 0.8% is in the Elected Official status of employment while it also

shows that there are no graduates who are fix in status of employment. Therefore,

we can conclude that the most of the graduates of Public Administration who are

currently employed are permanent in their chosen career.

PERIOD SEEKING OF FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

JOB AFTER COLLEGE

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MORE THAN 2 YEARS 23 17.6%

1 TO 2 YEARS 18 13.7%

6 MONTHS TO 1 YEAR 30 22.9%

LESS THAN 6 MONTHS 60 45.8%

Table 1.9 Tme took to get a First Job

Table Shown in the table above is the range of period seeking of job after college

of Bachelor of Science in Public Administration Graduates from Academic Year

2017, 2018, 2019, 2022 and 2023. Result of the survey showed that from the 141

graduate students who responded in this aspect, there are 60 or 45.8% who took

only less than 6 months to land with their first job, another 30 or 22.9% who are

able to find job within 6 months to 1 year. The other 88 or 13.7% are able to find

job within 1 to 2 years and lastly, the 23 or 17.6% landed a job after more than 2

years already.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM NUMBER 2

2. What factors and competencies influenced the employment status of

Batch 2017 - 2023 Graduates?

Legend:

4.21-5.00 Very Highly Influential

3.41-4.20 Highly Influential
2.61-3.40 Influential
1.81-2.60 Fairly Influential

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1.00-1.80 Not Influential at all

I.Influence of the Course on Employment Opportunities

STATEMENTS MEAN SD INTERPRETATION

1.The course I completed helped me 3.91 1.13 Highly Influential
secure a job.
2. The course I completed facilitated my 3.72 1.25 Highly Influential
quick entry into the workforce.

3.84 1.20 Highly Influential

3. The course I completed enhanced my
understanding of the job requirements in my
field.

4. The course I completed improved my 4.28 0.96 Very Highly

communication and public interaction skills. Influential

5. The course I completed equipped me with 4.14 0.99 Highly Influential

problem- solving skills relevant to my job.

AVERAGE 3.98 1.11 Highly Influential

Table 2.1 Influence of the Course on Employment Opportunities

The table 1 shows that the Public Administration course was Highly

Influential in enhancing employment opportunities, with an overall mean of 3.98

and a standard deviation of 1.11. Respondents highlighted communication and

public interaction skills as the most influential aspect (mean = 4.28, SD = 0.96),

emphasizing the importance of soft skills in workplace success (Robles, 2012). In

addition, having problem-solving skills ( mean= 4.14, SD=99) were crucial for

success in dynamic work environments. The Public Administration course also

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improved understanding of job requirements (mean = 3.84, SD = 1.20), facilitated

workforce entry (mean = 3.72, SD = 1.25), and helped the respondents in securing

jobs (mean = 3.91, SD = 1.13). These results show the significance of practical

and skill-focused courses in enhancing employability.

II. Skills and Knowledge That Impact Employment Status

STATEMENTS MEAN SD INTERPRETATION

1. The course I completed provided me with 4.18 0.97 Highly Influential

a strong foundation in decision- making that
is beneficial in my career.

2. The course taught me planning and 3.99 1.13 Highly Influential

program implementation skills that are
valuable in my job.

3.The course helped me define my career 3.79 1.23 Highly Influential

path and employment goals.

4. The course instilled ethical principles 4.21 1.00 Very Highly

relevant Influential
to work in the public sector.

5. The course developed my research and 4.16 1.05 Highly Influential

data analysis competencies.

AVERAGE 4.07 1.08 Highly Influential

Table 2 shows that the skills and knowledge acquired from the

Public Administration course were Highly Influential in enhancing

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Employment Status, with an overall mean of 4.07 and a standard

deviation of 1.08. The highest-rated aspect, with a mean of 4.21 (SD

= 1.00), appears that the course produces ethical principles essential

for working in the public sector. This underscores the importance of

ethical competence in fostering trust and accountability in public

service roles (Beeri et al, 2013). The Public Administration course

provided a strong foundation in decision-making (mean = 4.18, SD =

0.97), that developed research and data analysis skills (mean = 4.16,

SD = 1.05), and enhanced planning and program implementation skills

(mean = 3.99, SD = 1.13). These findings highlight the course's role

in equipping students with both ethical values and practical

competencies necessary for career success in public administration.

III. Readiness for the Job Market and Technological Proficiency

STATEMENTS MEAN SD INTERPRETATION

1. The course prepared me with the 3.98 1.18 Highly Influential
necessary skills to enter my chosen
industry.

2. The course taught me how to leverage 4.11 1.14 Highly Influential

technology in my job search.

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3. The course provided me with insight into 4.11 1.15 Highly Influential
social and political issues that affect my field

4. The course helped 4.27 0.97 Highly Influential

me develop essential soft skills such as
teamwork and leadership.

5. The course empowered me to advocate 3.91 1.17 Highly Influential

for change within my professional
environment.

AVERAGE 4.08 1.12 Highly Influential

Table 3. show that the Public Administration course was Highly

Influential in preparing respondents for the Job Market and elevating

their technological proficiency, with an average mean of 4.08 and a

standard deviation of 1.12. The highest-rated aspect, with a mean of

4.27 (SD = 0.97), highlights the development of essential soft skills

such as teamwork and leadership, which are for workplace success

(Robles, 2012). The Public Administration course effectively up skill

respondents how to leverage technology in their job search (mean =

4.11, SD = 1.14) and provided insights into social and political issues

relevant to their fields (mean = 4.11, SD = 1.15). This concludes the

significance of equipping students with both technical and

interpersonal skills to thrive in the modern Job Market.

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IV. Understanding Public Needs and Leadership Skills

STATEMENTS MEAN SD INTERPRETATIONS

1. The course taught me to understand 3.99 1.17 Highly Influential
and respond effectively to public needs.

2. The course developed my leadership 4.07 1.08 Highly Influential

skills for effective performance in the public
sector.

AVERAGE 4.03 1.12 Highly Influential

Table 4. shows that the Public Administration course is

Highly Influential in improving the understanding of public needs

and leadership skills of the respondents, with an average mean of

4.03 and a standard deviation of 1.12. The highest-rated

statement (mean = 4.07, SD = 1.08) emphasizes that the course's

role in developing leadership skills is vital for effective

performance in the public sector. Besides, the Public

Administration course helped the respondents to understand and

respond effectively to public needs (mean = 3.99, SD = 1.17),

highlighting its relevance in preparing individuals for roles

requiring public engagement and leadership. These findings align

with research underscoring the importance of leadership training

in public administration (Pitan, 2017).

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM NUMBER 3

3. What are the problems and challenges encountered by graduates of PLV

BSPA in finding employment?

Many graduates reported challenges in finding permanent employment

within government sectors. This led to a trend where graduates accepted

positions in the private sector, often far removed from their field of study. The

frustration of not being able to secure jobs in their chosen area has implications

for job satisfaction and long-term career goals.

Graduate 1: "Isa sa mga naging hamon na naranasan ko ay ang pag hanap ng

trabahong permanente sa gobyerno kaya napilitang pumasok sa private sector

kahit malayo sa kurso ang mga piling posisyon"

Translation: "One of the challenges I faced was finding a permanent job in the

government, so I was forced to enter the private sector even though the chosen

positions were far from my course"

A significant barrier faced by several graduates is their shyness and lack

of confidence in public speaking. As many are now working in human resources

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or roles requiring interaction with diverse groups, the necessity for strong

communication skills has become evident. Continuous practice and exposure

have helped some graduates improve their public speaking abilities, but this

remains a challenge for others.

Graduate 2: "Pinaka malaking hamon na akin narasan sa ngayon ako kasi ay

mahiyain, kumbaga hanggang ngayon pinapractise ko pa din ang pagiging public

speaker ko. Dahil nga sa HR ako at madami ako nakakasaluha an iba't ibang tao

nahahasa ko ito. Ang malaking hamon ko din ay paano mag manage ng tao sa

sarili kong department. Paano ko sila mahandle ng maayos at mag lagay ng mga

panibagong batas para sa ikakaganda ng akin Department at buong kumpanya"

Translation: "The biggest challenge I've experienced so far is being shy. I'm still

practicing being a public speaker. Since I'm in HR and I interact with a lot of

different people, I'm honing this skill. Another big challenge for me is how to

manage people in my own department. How can I handle them properly and

implement new rules for the betterment of my department and the entire

company"

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For those in managerial roles, the ability to manage a team effectively is a

critical challenge. Graduates expressed concerns about how to handle team

dynamics, implement new policies, and create a positive work environment. This

aspect of their careers requires ongoing development in leadership and

interpersonal skills.

Graduate 3: "Ang pinakamalaking hamon ko ay ang pag manage ng oras at

pagkakaroon ng tamang balance sa trabaho at personal na buhay, lalo na sa

mga oras na sobrang dami ng tawag o tasks na kailangang tapusin"

Translation: "My biggest challenge is managing my time and finding the right

balance between work and personal life, especially when there are a lot of calls

or tasks that need to be completed"

Graduates highlighted the struggle to maintain a healthy work-life balance,

particularly during busy periods filled with deadlines and numerous tasks. Many

expressed feelings of overwhelm when faced with excessive workloads,

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indicating a need for better time management strategies and support systems

within the workplace.

Graduate 4: "The biggest challenge I’ve faced is finding the right balance

between work and personal life, as well as adjusting to changes in the job and

new responsibilities"

The logistics of commuting were frequently mentioned as a significant hindrance.

Long travel times to and from work not only affect daily productivity but also

contribute to stress and fatigue, impacting overall job performance and personal

well-being. The complexity of managing multiple priorities and deadlines

emerged as a common theme. Graduates noted that balancing various tasks

while maintaining high standards of quality requires adaptability and effective

problem-solving skills. This challenge has prompted many to develop better

prioritization techniques and improve their time management.

Graduate 5: "Ang pinakamalaking hamon na naranasan ko ay ang pag

cocommute at byahe ng malayo mula bahay hanggang trabaho at ang

pinakamalaking hamon ko ay ang pagtutok sa mga detalye habang naghahandle

ng maraming tasks nang sabay-sabay"

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Translation: "The biggest challenge I faced was commuting and traveling far from

home to work and managing conflicting priorities and deadlines. Balancing

multiple tasks while ensuring quality and efficiency requires constant adaptability

and time management skills. This challenge has helped me improve my problem-

solving abilities and taught me how to prioritize effectively under pressure” field of

study. The frustration of not being able to secure jobs in their chosen area has

implications for job satisfaction and long-term career goals.

Chapter V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter serves as a summary of the data and information that the

researcher collected from the responses provided by the respondents in the

earlier chapters. This chapter also includes the researcher's recommendations

for additional research.

Summary of findings

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Graduate Participation

The study’s participant pool showed a significant disparity in representation

across graduating batches. The graduating class of 2022 had the highest

participation rate, indicating a potentially higher level of engagement or

accessibility for this cohort. Conversely, the class of 2018 had the lowest

participation rate, suggesting potential challenges in reaching or engaging this

particular group of alumni. Further investigation into the reasons for this disparity

would be valuable in improving future tracer studies.

Employment Status

A substantial majority of the responding graduates (72.2%, or 91 respondents)

reported being employed in regular/permanent positions. This suggests a

relatively strong placement rate for PLV BSPA graduates within the job market.

However, the study also highlights a notable segment (20.6%, or 26

respondents) employed in contractual positions. This finding warrants further

analysis to understand the factors contributing to this employment type and its

potential implications for career progression and job security. The extremely low

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number of graduates in elected official positions (0.8%, or 1 respondent)

suggests this career path is less common among recent graduates.

Career Paths and Skill Application

The study underscores the versatility of a BSPA degree. The program’s

curriculum, focused on governmental theories and effective public service

delivery, evidently prepares graduates for diverse career opportunities across

public, private, and non-profit sectors. However, a crucial aspect of the research

delves into the alignment between graduates’ employment and their academic

background. The study aims to determine how many graduates are employed in

roles directly related to their degree and assess their ability to utilize their

acquired knowledge and skills in their respective workplaces. This analysis will

provide valuable insights into the program’s effectiveness in preparing graduates

for relevant and fulfilling careers.

Challenges and Job Satisfaction

Finally, the study addresses the critical issue of underemployment and

unemployment among PLV BSPA graduates. By examining the proportion of

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graduates facing these challenges, the study provides a comprehensive picture

of their post-graduation experiences. Furthermore, the research explores the

specific issues graduates encounter in their current jobs and their overall level of

job satisfaction. This information is crucial for identifying areas needing

improvement in the BSPA program or for providing support to graduates

navigating the complexities of the job market.

In conclusion, this tracer study offers a rich dataset for evaluating the success of

the PLV BSPA program in preparing graduates for the workforce. The findings

highlight both the strengths and areas needing further attention, providing

valuable information for program improvement, career counseling, and future

research.

Conclusion

● The researcher came to the conclusion that the majority of Pamantasan

ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela Bachelor of Science in Public Administration

graduates work in the private sector. Since they are still ineligible, the

majority of graduates are finding it difficult to get jobs in the government

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sector. This causes public administration graduates to switch occupations

and pursue opportunities that suit them, particularly if they provide higher

salaries, as in the case of the private sector's office staff business, which

accounts for a large portion of the survey.

● Based on the survey results, the researcher concluded that the proportion

of graduates working for the government is quite respectable. This

indicates that the graduates may apply their knowledge and abilities in

their chosen field of work, which aligns with their course of study. At least

half of the graduate’s work for the government.

● Based on the survey results, the researcher concluded that graduates are

happy with their present jobs or selected areas in terms of how simple

their work is since it aligns with their course of study. Additionally, the

graduates are encountering obstacles such as struggle in an area or job

role for which they lack expertise and training, stagnant pay regardless of

length of service, and personality conflicts.

● The researcher concluded that the majority of public administration

graduates are working, with very few out of the workforce. Some of the

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reasons they are unemployed include a lack of experience and abilities, a

lack of possibilities, a lack of enthusiasm in their line of work, the fact that

they have not yet passed the civil service, and difficulties transitioning to

the workplace.

Recommendations

1. For Educational Institutions

Enhance Career Guidance Programs: Institutions should provide robust career

counseling to help students align their skills and interests with market demands.

Expand Curricula: Include courses that develop transferable skills, such as

communication, critical thinking, and adaptability, regardless of discipline.

2. Employers

Promote Skills-Based Hiring: Companies should prioritize competencies and

potential over degree alignment to foster a more inclusive hiring process.

Provide Training Opportunities: Employers should offer continuous learning

programs to bridge knowledge gaps for employees in non-aligned roles.

Graduates

Adapt to the Job Market: Graduates should focus on developing versatile skills
and seek roles that match their strengths, even if unrelated to their field.

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Pursue Lifelong Learning: Engage in professional development, online courses,

or certifications to improve employability in diverse sectors.

Policymakers

Promote Industry-Academia Collaboration: Encourage partnerships between

educational institutions and industries to align academic programs with labor
market needs.

Fund Reskilling Initiatives: Provide financial support for graduates to upskill or

transition to other fields.

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APPENDIX
A
(Letters and Waivers)

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Letter to the Respondents

Good Day!

We are students from the Valenzuela City University under the Bachelor of Science
in Public Administration program. We are conducting a research study entitled “A
Career Tracer Study on the Employment Status of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng
Valenzuela Bachelor of Science in Public Administration Graduates”. The objective
of this study is to determine the employment status of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng
Valenzuela Bachelor of Science in Public Administration graduates and to identify
the factors that influence their career paths.

We kindly request your participation in answering a few questions related to our

study. Your responses will greatly assist us in gathering relevant data and ensuring
the accuracy and success of our research. We assure you that all information
provided will be kept confidential in accordance with the Data Privacy Act of 2012
and will only be used for research purposes.

We are committed to protecting the confidentiality of your data. All information

collected will be stored securely and will only be used for the purpose of this
research study. Your identity will not be disclosed in any reports or publications.

Thank you for your time and consideration.

Do you consent to sharing your personal information and other information

entrusted in this research questionnaire?

( ) Yes

( ) No

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Waiver to get a copy of lists of Graduates

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APPENDIX
B
(Questionnaire)

PART ONE: PERSONAL INFORMATION

INSTRUCTIONS: Please provide the required information and select the appropriate
answers based on your current situation. All personal information you share will remain
confidential.

1. Age: _____________

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2. Gender:
⬜ Male
⬜ Female
⬜ Other (LGBTQIA+)
⬜ Prefer not to say

3. Highest Educational Attainment:

⬜ Bachelor’s Degree
⬜ Master’s Degree
⬜ Doctorate
⬜ Post-Doctorate

4. Year Graduated: _____________

5. Current Employment Status:

⬜ Employed
⬜ Unemployed

If Employed:
What sector do you work in?
⬜ Government Sector
⬜ Private Sector
⬜ Local Government
⬜ International (Abroad)
⬜ Own Business
⬜ Food and Beverage Sector
⬜ Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)
⬜ Information Technology
⬜ Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
⬜ Other: _______ (Please specify other categories)

If Unemployed:
What is the reason for unemployment?
⬜ Resigned
⬜ Laid off
⬜ End of Contract
⬜ Left previous job
⬜ Other: _______ (Please specify)

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6. What is your current job? (Specify your job): _____________

7. Job Position:
⬜ Management (CEO, CFO, COO, VP, Department Head, Manager)
⬜ Technical (Engineer, Scientist, Developer, Analyst, Technician)
⬜ Customer Service (Customer Service Representative, Sales Representative,
Account Manager, Support Specialist)
⬜ Skilled Labor (Construction Worker, Mechanic, Electrician, Plumber, Welder)
⬜ Administrative (Secretary, Administrative Assistant, Data Entry Clerk, Office
Manager)
⬜ Teaching (Teacher, Professor, Instructor, Tutor)
⬜ Healthcare (Doctor, Nurse, Pharmacist, Therapist, Medical Assistant)
⬜ Food and Beverage (Chef, Baker, Bartender, Waiter/Waitress, Food Stylist)
⬜ Arts and Culture (Artist, Musician, Writer, Actor, Designer)
⬜ Public Service (Police Officer, Firefighter, Social Worker, Government Official,
Lawyer)
⬜ Other: ___________ (Please specify)

8. Type of Employment:
⬜ Permanent
⬜ Temporary
⬜ Contractual
⬜ Elected Official
⬜ Appointed Official

9. (If currently employed) How long did it take you to get your first job after
graduating from college?
⬜ More than 2 years
⬜ 1 to 2 years
⬜ 6 months to 1 year
⬜ Less than 6 months

PART TWO: RELEVANCE OF THE COMPLETED DEGREE IN JOB SEARCH

Instructions: Using a scale of five (5) as the highest and one (1) as the lowest, place a
check mark (✔) next to the following statements based on your EXPERIENCE and

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OPINION regarding the relevance of your completed degree in finding a job. Use the
following scale:

1 – Strongly Disagree
2 – Disagree
3 – Neutral
4 – Agree
5 – Strongly Agree

STATEMENT 4 3 2 1
My completed degree helped me secure a job.
My completed degree helped me quickly enter
the workforce.

My completed degree helped me better

understand my job.

My completed degree taught me communication

and public relations skills.
My completed degree taught me communication
and public relations skills.
My completed degree gave me deep insights into
decision-making that aid my job.

My completed degree equipped me with skills in

planning and program implementation.
My completed degree contributed to building my
career path.
My completed degree taught me ethical
principles essential in government work.

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My completed degree taught me time

management and stress management skills.
My completed degree taught me research and
data analysis skills.
The internship or practicum in my public
administration degree helped me find a job.

My completed degree provided sufficient skills to

prepare me for the industry I entered.

My public administration degree exposed me to

various government agencies I could join.
My completed degree taught me how to use
technology, which I applied in my job search.
My completed degree taught me how to use
technology, which I applied in my job search.
My completed degree helped develop my soft
skills, such as leadership, teamwork, and
problem-solving.

My completed degree taught me how to influence

and advocate for change.
My completed degree provided me with skills to
understand and respond to public needs.

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PART THREE: PERCEPTION AND OPINION OF KEY INFORMANTS

REGARDING THE GRADUATES OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION (BSPA) AT PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG
VALENZUELA

Instructions: Read carefully the questions and answer them honestly in the
provided space. Your response will help assess the effectiveness of the program.

1. How relevant are the skills and knowledge you learned in your Public
Administration program to your current job?
(Your response)

2. What is the biggest challenge you have faced in your career so far?
(Your response)

3. What advice would you give to current students pursuing a Bachelor of Public
Administration at Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela regarding finding a
job?
(Your response)

4. What programs could the College of Public Administration at Pamantasan ng

Lungsod ng Valenzuela implement to better prepare students for their future
careers?
(Your response)

5. What are the key skills and qualities that employers look for in Public
Administration professionals?
(Your response)

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Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

APPENDIX
C
Certificates

Validity Certificate

98
PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

99
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Certificate of Language Editing/Grammarian/Proofreading

100
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Certificate of International Presentation and Publication

101
PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

102
PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

103
PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

APPENDIX
D
Curriculum Vitae

105
PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

106
PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Tongco, St., Maysan, Valenzuela City
COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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