GRAMMAR FOR FLYERS

 PRESENT SIMPLE (HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)
I/ We/ You/ They + V0 I ride my bike every day.
He/ She/ It + Vs/es Betty always brushes her hair with it.
I/ You/ We/ They + do not (don’t) + Vo
Her fingers don’t get cold.
He/ She/ It + does not (doesn’t) + V0
My grandmother doesn’t eat pizza at night.

Do + I/ we/ you/ they + Vo ? Do you play video games in your classroom

Does + he/ she/ it + Vo ? sometimes? Where does Kim have lunch?

 PRESENT CONTINUOUS (HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)
The woman is cutting some bread. Dad and Daisy are talking about the
S + am/ is/ are + V-ing.
noisy party last night.
S + am/ is/ are + not + V-ing.
He isn’t eating pizza. They aren’t talking to their grandpa.
He
Am/ Is/ Are + S + V-ing? Are you doing homework, Jack?

 PAST SIMPLE TENSE (QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)
S + Ved/2 Sofia carried her school things in the bag. Her grandmother made the apple pie.
S + didn’t + Vo He didn’t have to go to school last Monday.
Did + S + Vo? Did he go to school yesterday?

 PAST CONTINUOUS (QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)
S + was/ were + Ving They were practicing English at that time.
S + was/ were + not + Ving We weren’t speaking. He wasn’t speaking.
Was/ Were + S + Ving? What were you doing from 3 p.m to 6 p.m yesterday?
Note : You/ we/ they/ số nhiều + were
I/ he/ she/ it/ số ít + was
 PRESENT PERFECT (HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH)
I have just seen my sister in the park. She has finished her homework
S + have/ has + V3/ed
recently.
S + have/ has + not + V3/ed We haven’t gone to Hanoi. Mary hasn’t done her homework.
Have/ Has + S + V3/ed? Have you ever been to America? Has he read that novel?

 BE GOING TO (TƯƠNG LAI GẦN)

S + am/ is/ are + going to + Vo I am going to speak
S + am/ is/ are + not + going to + Vo I am not going to speak
am/ is/ are + S + going to + Vo ? Are you going to speak?

 FUTURE SIMPLE (TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)
S + will + Vo You will have an unusual train journey on Friday.
S + will not (won’t) + Vo You won’t go sledding in the mountains.
Will + S + Vo ? Will you visit your grandma next week?

 ADJECTIVES: COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE (Tính từ: so sánh hơn và so sánh

nhất)
Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)
So sánh nhất (superlative) –
Linh is the most intelligent student in my class.
Tính từ dài: the + most + long adj
Grandad’s moustache is the longest I have ever seen.
Tính từ ngắn: the + short adj + est
So sánh hơn (comparative)
Lara is more beautiful than her older sister.
Tính từ dài: more + long adj + than
Paul’s feet are bigger than his father’s feet.
Tính từ ngắn: short adj + er + than
Special (Đặc biệt):
Adjective (Tính từ) Comparative (So sánh hơn) Superlative (So sánh nhất)
good better the best
bad worse the worst
far farther/further the farthest/ furthest
 ADVERBS (Trạng từ)
1. Adverbs of frequency (trạng từ chỉ tần suất)
Structure (Cấu trúc) Never: không bao giờ
Sometimes: thỉnh thoảng,
Example (Ví dụ)
Often/ Usually: thường, thường xuyên
Always: luôn luôn
Every day/week/month/year: mỗi ngày/mỗi tuần/mỗi tháng/ mỗi năm I go to school by bike everyday.
Once/ twice/ three times…: 1 lần/ 2 lần/ 3 lần I go to the cinema twice a week.
2. Adverbs of place (trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn)
Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)
Here: ở đây My book is here.
There: ở kia My friend is over there.
Everywhere: ở mọi nơi I have friends everywhere.
Inside: bên trong My pencil is inside the box.
Outside: bên ngoài My cat is outside the box.
Upstairs: trên lầu My mom is going upstairs.
Downstairs: dưới lầu I am going downstairs.

 CLAUSES (mệnh đề)

Relative clauses (mệnh đề quan hệ)
Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)
Thời gian + when My grandparents remember the day when they first met.
Nơi chốn + where That’s the shop where my neighbor works.
Vật + which / that Did you like the poster which/ that I bought to you?
Người + who / that I think people who/ that speak three languages are clever.
Người + whose Is that the man whose dog saved the little girl?
 CONJUNCTIONS (Từ nối)
Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)
And: và I did my homework nicely and carefully
But: nhương I like watching football, but I don’t like playing football.
Or: hoặc Do you like apples or oranges?
So: vì vậy I’m sick so I’m not going to school.
After: sau đó I do homework after finishing my dinner.
Before: trước đó I eat breakfast before I go to school.
Because: bởi vì I’m late because I missed the bus.
If: nếu If you’re healthy, you have a lot of energy.
When: khi When I go home, I will play with my sister.
Until: đến khi I will study until 7 o’clock.
While: trong khi I’m playing video games while my mom’s cooking.

 DETERMINERS (Từ hạn định)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)
Articles
The I like the red umbrella.
a/ an This is a pencil case. That is an umbrella.
Possessive adjectives
My: của tôi This is my table.
Your: của bạn This is your notebook.
His: của anh ấy This is his jacket.
Her: của cô ấy This is her dress.
Their: của họ This is their notebooks.
Our: của chúng tôi This is our bed.
Its: của nó It’s its wings.
Demonstrative
This: cái này (số ít) This is an apple.
That: cái kia (số ít) That is an orange.
These: những cái này (số nhiều) These are apples.
Those: những cái kia (số nhiều) Those are oranges.
 PREPOSITIONS (Giới từ)
Prepositions of place (giới từ chỉ nơi chốn)
Structure (cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)
In: ở trong The cat is in the box.
On: ở trên The book is on the table.
Under: ở dƣới The pen is under the chair.
Next to/besides/by/near: bên cạnh My house is next to her house.
At: ở I meet het at the door.
Between: ở giữa I sit between Mike and Tommy.
Behind: phía sau I’m standing behind the wall.
In front of: phía trước I’m sitting in front of the café.
Below: ở dƣới (thấp hơn) The picture is below the light.
Above: ở trên (cao hơn) The light is above the picture.
Through: xuyên qua I can see through the window.
Across: ngang qua I walk across the road.
From…to…: từ…đến… I walk from home to school.
Towards: về phía trước I walk towards you.
Prepositions of time (giới từ chỉ thời gian)
Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)
At: dùng cho thời gian và
I go to school at 7 o’clock. I don’t stay up late at night.
“night” (at night).
In: dùng cho năm, tháng, mùa, I was born in 2000. My birthday is in May. I usually go
tuần, buổi. swimming in the summer. I always eat breakfast in the morning.
On: dùng cho ngày, các ngày I don’t go to school on Sunday. My birthday is on 8th,
trong tuần November,2003.

 PRONOUNS (Đại từ)

structure( cấu trúc) example(ví dụ)
Anybody/anyone: bất kỳ ai I won’t talk to anyone.
Anything: bất kỳ cái gì I don’t need anything.
Each: mỗi Each student must do the homework.
Everybody/everyone: mọi ngƣời Everybody loves him.
Everything: mọi thứ Everything is so perfect.
Somebody/someone: ai đó Somebody is knocking the door.
 Something: một cái gì đó Something is under my feet.
Reflexive pronouns (Đại từ phản thân)
Myself: bản thân tôi I love myself.
Yourself: bản thân bạn Do it for yourself.
Himself: bản thân anh ấy He only cares about himself.
Herself: bản thân cô ấy She takes a very good care of herself.
Themselves: bản thân họ They do it for themselves.
Ourselves: bản thân chúng tôi We bought the car for ourselves.
Itself: bản thân nó It’s beautiful itself.

 TAG QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi đuôi)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)
You are a student, aren’t you? She has just bought a
S + to be/ verb…, to be/ verb + not +S?
new bicycle, hasn’t she?
He didn’t come here, did he? They hadn’t met you
S + to be/ verb + not…., to be/ verb +S?
before, had they?
S + modal verb…, modal verb + not +S? He can speak English, can’t he?
S + modal verb + not……, modal verb +S Sue won’t go to school this afternoon, will she?

 MODAL VERBS (Động từ khiếm khuyết)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)
Can/could: có thể (khả năng) + Vo He can swim and play basketball.
May/might: có thể + Vo It may rain tomorrow.
Shall I go to the
Shall: nên + Vo
supermarket? I should go home.
Should: nên + Vo
Must: phải + Vo
You must finish the homework.
Mustn’t: không đƣợc phép + Vo

 OTHER VERB FORMS (Các dạng khác của động từ)

VERB + ING
 Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)
Like John is interested in studying biology.
Dislike The teacher avoids shouting at students.
Love
Hate
Enjoy
Teachers and children spend time looking for some things in
Spend
nature.
Avoid
Finish
Giới từ (in, on, at, of, to,....)
TO – INFINITE
VERB + TO INFINITIVE :
- Enough + to V : đủ để
- Too + tính từ + to V : quá để làm gì
- diễn tả mục đích và theo sau các động từ sau:
Afford Demand Like Pretend
Agree Fail Love Promise
Arrange Forget Manage Refuse
Ask Hate Mean Remember
Begin Help Need Start
Choose Hope Offer Try
Continue Intend Plan Want
Decide Learn Prefer

 SUGGESTIONS (Câu đề nghị)

Structure (Cấu trúc) Example (Ví dụ)
How/what about + V-ing? How about going to the theater?
Would you like to + V? Would you like to come for dinner?
Why don’t we + V? Why don’t we find another bookstore?
Shall we +V? Shall we agree with him?
Let’s + V? Let’s play volleyball.