AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Test Booklet
Unit 4 Summative
1. Which of the following is an example of Balkanization?
(A) Greece
(B) Hungary
(C) Albania
(D) Yugoslavia
(E) Romania
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Test Booklet
Unit 4 Summative
2.
ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN)
Source: ASEAN and Natural Earth GIS
ECONOMIC DATA FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES AND SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
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Unit 4 Summative
Gross Domestic Ten-Year Gross
Population Product Domestic Product
Country
(2017) (2017, in United Growth
States dollars) (2008 to 2017)
China million
India million
ASEAN countries combined million
Brazil million
United States million
Japan million
European Union countries combined million ‒
Source: World Bank, United Nations Statistics Division, EUROSTAT
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a supranational organization.
A. Describe the concept of a supranational organization.
B. Using the gross domestic product (GDP) data in the table, explain ONE economic benefit to a country that joins
ASEAN.
C. Using the ten-year GDP growth data in the table, explain ONE way that membership in ASEAN will affect the
quality of life for citizens in member states.
D. Explain ONE political advantage for countries that join a supranational organization, and explain ONE political
disadvantage for countries that belong to supranational organizations.
E. Define the concept of economy of scale.
F. Using the data in the table, explain how economies of scale are important to understanding ASEAN’s
competitiveness with Japan and China.
3. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea sets the limit of the exclusive economic zone at 200 nautical
miles from a country’s coastline. In cases where countries are less than 400 nautical miles apart at sea, which of the
following explains how the exclusive economic zone boundary is determined for each country?
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(A) Both countries will state their case to the United Nations during a hearing of the Security Council.
(B) Both countries will follow the median-line principle.
(C) Both countries will share all of the water area.
Neither country can claim the area as an exclusive economic zone because the area is considered
(D)
international water.
Both countries will receive increased territorial sea claims up to 24 nautical miles but will have no exclusive
(E)
economic zone.
4. Some territories within the Russian Federation are characterized by concentrated populations of ethnic groups and
these areas function as autonomous republics. Which of the following best explains the political relationship
between the autonomous republics and the central government of Russia?
The central government of Russia exerts complete control over the autonomous republics to counteract
(A)
devolutionary pressures.
The autonomous republics are able to function independently from the central government because of an
(B)
abundance of natural resources.
(C) Russia is a multistate nation characterized by contested regional boundaries.
The autonomous republics provide ethnic groups with some political control over their homelands while
(D)
preserving Russia’s territorial integrity.
(E) Russia is a unitary state characterized by many ethnic groups united within a single country.
5. The former international border between East Germany and West Germany is best described as
(A) an open border
(B) a demilitarized zone
(C) a relict boundary
(D) an antecedent boundary
(E) a geometric boundary
6. Culturally defined political boundaries, such as those determined by the spatial patterns of religion or language, are
called
(A) consequent
(B) geometric
(C) relict
(D) natural
(E) antecedent
7. Which of the following best describes the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the United
States, Canada, and Mexico?
(A) An open-border region with free movement of labor
(B) A multinational trade zone in which most tariffs have been eliminated
(C) A protectionist coalition that denies trade access from other countries
(D) A monetary union with a single currency
(E) An economic and security bloc designed to eliminate drug trafficking
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Unit 4 Summative
8. Which of the following describes a federal form of governance?
(A) A centralized government creates a barrier to local participation in the political process.
(B) Autonomous regions act outside the authority of a central government.
(C) Federal states encourage devolutionary movements and break apart quickly.
(D) Laws are enacted in a single language to promote cultural unity.
(E) Multiple substates have local control and are unified to pursue common goals at the national level.
9. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of devolutionary movements in Spain and Canada?
There is an economic aspect to the Quebecois independence movement, while the Catalans focus mainly on
(A)
culture.
(B) Both independence movements utilize cultural distinctiveness as their only reason for seeking independence.
(C) Both independence movements focus on religious differences with the nations they currently belong to.
There is an economic aspect to the Catalan independence movement, while the Quebecois focus mainly on
(D)
cultural differences.
(E) Both independence movements utilize economic power as their main reason for seeking independence.
10. LARGE ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS POPULATIONS IN IRAQ, 2015 ESTIMATES
Group Population
Shia Arabs 15 million
Sunni Arabs 9 million
Sunni Kurds 4 million
Turkmen 3 million
Shia Kurds 500 thousand
Armenian 500 thousand
Yazidi 500 thousand
Source: European Parliamentary Research Service
Based on the data in the table, which of the following is a possible impact of ethnic and religious diversity in Iraq?
Ethnicity and religion act as centripetal forces in the country by creating a common Iraqi identity among the
(A)
population.
(B) Ethnicity and religion facilitate democratization in the country by motivating participation in elections.
Ethnicity and religion promote economic development in the country by generating national pride in the
(C)
country’s accomplishments.
(D) Ethnicity and religion lead to devolutionary pressures in the country by politically dividing regions.
(E) Ethnicity and religion increase cultural cohesion in the country by promoting shared political ideology.
11. Which of the following can be an example of a centrifugal political force?
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(A) Homogeneous ethnic population
(B) Strong central government
(C) Variation of language within the country
(D) Shift to tertiary economy
(E) Concentrated ownership of media
12. Which of the following describes an example of a consequent boundary?
(A) The Berlin Wall between East and West Germany no longer exists, but the location is still evident.
(B) European powers divided Africa at the Berlin Conference and drew boundaries across the continent.
(C) The United States–Canadian boundary was set at the 49th parallel by a treaty before the area was settled.
(D) Canada created the province of Nunavut to provide greater autonomy for the First Nations.
(E) The Andes Mountains are used as a political boundary to divide Chile and Argentina.
13. Which of the following best describes the role of the federal state in a country’s political organization?
To act as a system of defense that protects subnational states from threats emerging outside of the country’s
(A)
international borders
(B) To act as a single centralized economy for a collection of subnational states allied for a common purpose
(C) To act as an overarching government for a collection of subnational states allied for a common purpose
To act as a strong centralized administration that eliminates the need for self-governing subnational or local
(D)
governments
To act as a virtual public-service provider that eliminates the need for self-governing subnational or local
(E)
governments
14. Crossing which of the following borders requires few, if any, formalities and thus encourages the free flow of
people and products?
(A) Netherlands-Belgium
(B) India-Pakistan
(C) United States-Canada
(D) Romania-Ukraine
(E) North Korea-South Korea
15. A good example of a centripetal force in political geography is
(A) the existence of different language regions
(B) rugged topography
(C) religious diversity and conflict
(D) a primate city
(E) a poorly developed road network
16. Which of the following correctly lists the usual hierarchy of political-administrative units in order from the largest
to the smallest?
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(A) Empire, county, province, nation-state
(B) Province, empire, nation-state, county
(C) Empire, nation-state, province, county
(D) County, nation-state, province, empire
(E) Empire, nation-state, county, province
17. Which of the following best represents the concept of the nation-state in its internal cultural-political makeup and
spatial organization?
(A) Iran
(B) South Africa
(C) Japan
(D) New Zealand
(E) Argentina
18.
Compare the centralized power of the Soviet Union with the contemporary Russian Federation, in terms of the
control of territory. Which of the following statements does the information in the map best support?
(A) Russia is a global power with concentrated power in East Asia.
(B) Russia is a multistate nation made up of numerous sovereign independent entities.
Russia’s autonomous regions illustrate a strategy to counter the difficulty in governing such a large area from
(C)
a single centralized location.
(D) Russia is an ethnically diverse region with many subnational units.
(E) Russia used to control fifteen additional republics that regained their independence in 1990.
19. Which of the following best illustrates the geographical concept of the nation-state?
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Unit 4 Summative
(A) Canada
(B) Russia
(C) Belgium
(D) Iceland
(E) India
20.
The shape of North Carolina’s Twelfth Congressional District, shown above, is most likely the result of
(A) watershed boundaries
(B) gerrymandering
(C) county boundaries
(D) decentralization
(E) amalgamation
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Unit 4 Summative
21.
In the United States House of Representatives there are a fixed number of 435 seats divided among the states based
upon each state’s relative population size. Changes in the number of representatives, as shown on the map, affect
politics at which of the following scales?
(A) City
(B) County
(C) State
(D) Regional
(E) National
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