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About
the Authors

The integration of psychological, social, and biological components of human sexual-

ity in this text is facilitated by the blending of the authors’ academic and professional
backgrounds.
Robert Crooks has a Ph.D. in psychology. His graduate training stressed clinical
and physiological psychology. In addition, he has considerable background in sociology,
which served as his minor throughout his graduate training. His involvement with teach-
ing human sexuality classes at the university, college, and medical school levels spans over
two decades. Recently Bob and his wife, Sami Tucker, have been involved in the estab-
lishment and implementation of another HIV/AIDS intervention program in coastal
Kenya. Over the previous 10 years, their work with this project includes designing a
research strategy for assessing behavior change, developing a peer educator-based educa-
tional strategy, and conducting training sessions for Kenyan peer educator staff. In the fall
of 2009, Bob and Sami initiated another HIV/AIDS intervention program in Tanzania.
Over the previous seven years they have traveled extensively in Africa and have devoted
many months to their evolving HIV/AIDS prevention projects.
Karla Baur has a master’s degree in social work; her advanced academic work
stressed clinical training. She has had an extensive career as a licensed clinical social
worker in private practice, specializing in couples and sex therapy. Karla has provided
clinical supervision, seminars and lectures for other mental health professionals and pro-
fessional groups. She has taught human sexuality and female sexuality classes at Portland
Community College, Portland State University and Clark College. At Oregon Health
Sciences University she taught a human sexuality course and coached medical students in
taking sexual histories with patients. Karla was also involved in a 6 week program in Kenya
to train HIV/AIDS Prevention Peer Educators. She has been certified as a sex educa-
tor, therapist, and sex therapy supervisor by the American Association of Sex Educators,
Counselors, and Therapists. She is currently developing a play about the nuances and
complexities of male sexuality with her collaborator, composer/writer Fred Strong.
The authors have a combined total of over 70 years of teaching, counseling, and research
in the field of sexology. They team-taught college sexuality courses for a number of years.
They have presented workshops and guest lectures to a wide variety of professional and
community groups, and they have counseled individuals, couples, and families on sexual
concerns. Their combined teaching, clinical, and research experiences, together with their
graduate training, have provided them with an appreciation and sensitive understanding
of the highly complex and personal nature of human sexuality.
It is the authors’ belief that a truly sensitive understanding of our sexuality must be
grounded in both the female and the male perspectives and experiences. In this sense,
their courses, their students, and this text have benefited from a well-balanced perception
and a deep appreciation of human sexual behavior.
v

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 Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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Brief
Contents

Prologue xxx

1 Perspectives on Sexuality 1

2 Sex Research: Methods and Problems 29

3 Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 50

4 Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 90

5 Gender Issues 116

6 Sexual Arousal and Response 151

7 Love and Communication in Intimate Relationships 188

8 Sexual Behaviors 237

9 Sexual Orientations 264

10 Contraception 297

11 Conceiving Children: Process and Choice 332

12 Sexuality During Childhood and Adolescence 369

13 Sexuality and the Adult Years 401

14 Sexual Difficulties and Solutions 430

15 Sexually Transmitted Infections 468

16 Atypical Sexual Behavior 521

17 Sexual Coercion 542

18 Sex for Sale 580

vii

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 Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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Contents

Prologue xxx

ChapTEr 1

Perspectives on Sexuality 1

Sexual Intelligence 2
A Psychosocial Orientation 3
Controversy and Diversity in Human Sexuality 4
The United States 4
LET’S TaLK aBOUT IT A Child/Parent Sex Talk 5
The Islamic Middle East 7
China 8
Our Cultural Legacy: Sex for Procreation and Rigid Gender Roles 9
Sex for Procreation 9
Male and Female Gender Roles in Sexuality 10
Sexuality in the Western World: A Historical Perspective 12
Judaic and Christian Traditions 12
Sex as Sinful 13
Eve Versus Mary 14
A Sex-Positive Shift 14
The Victorian Era 15
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Slavery’s Assault on Sexuality and Gender Roles 16
The Beginning of the 20th Century 17
After World War II 18
The Times They Are a-Changin’ 19
The Media and Sexuality 20
Television 21
Music Videos 23
Advertising 24
Magazines 24
The Internet and Sexuality 24
Sexuality: Where the Personal Is Political 26
Summary 27

ix

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 ChapTEr 2

Sex Research: Methods and Problems 29

The Goals of Sexology 30

Nonexperimental Research Methods 31
Case Studies 32
Surveys 33
SEX aND pOLITICS Sex Research Under Siege 38
Direct Observation 40
The Experimental Method 41
Technologies in Sex Research 43
Electronic Devices for Measuring Sexual Arousal 43
Computerized Assessment of Sexual Behavior 44
Sex Research via the Internet 45
Ethical Guidelines for Human Sex Research 46
Evaluating Research: Some Questions to Ask 47
Summary 48

ChapTEr 3

Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 50

The Vulva 51
The Mons Veneris 51
The Labia Majora 53
The Labia Minora 53
Genital Alteration 53
YOUr SEXUaL hEaLTh Genital Self-Exam for Women 54
The Clitoris 56
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Female Genital Cutting: Torture or Tradition? 57
The Vestibule 58
The Urethral Opening 59
The Introitus and the Hymen 59
The Perineum 59
Underlying Structures 60
Internal Structures 61
The Vagina 62
YOUr SEXUaL hEaLTh Kegel Exercises 63
The Cervix 65
The Uterus 65
The Fallopian Tubes 65
The Ovaries 66
Menstruation 66
Attitudes About Menstruation 66
Menarche 68
Menstrual Physiology 68
The Menstrual Cycle 69
Sexual Activity and the Menstrual Cycle 71
Menstrual Cycle Problems 72
Menopause 74
Hormone Therapy 75

x Contents

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Gynecological Health Concerns 78
Urinary Tract Infections 78
Vaginal Infections 78
The Pap Smear 79
Surgical Removal of the Uterus and Ovaries 79
The Breasts 80
Breast Self-Exam 82
Breast Cancer Screening 83
YOUr SEXUaL hEaLTh How to Examine Your Breasts 84
Breast Lumps 84
Breast Cancer 85

Summary 88

ChapTEr 4

Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 90

Sexual Anatomy 91
The Penis 91
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Male Genital Modification: Cultural Beliefs and Practices 92
Strengthening Musculature Around the Penis 94
The Scrotum 95
The Testes 96
YOUr SEXUaL hEaLTh Male Genital Self-Examination 98
The Vas Deferens 99
The Seminal Vesicles 100
The Prostate Gland 100
The Cowper’s Glands 100
Semen 100
Male Sexual Functions 101
Erection 101
Ejaculation 102
Concerns About Sexual Functioning 103
Penis Size 104
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Koro: The Genital Retraction Syndrome 106
Circumcision 107
SEX aND pOLITICS “Intactivists” Attempt to Criminalize Infant Circumcision
in San Francisco 108
Male Genital Health Concerns 109
The Penis: Health-Care Issues 109
Testicular Cancer 111
Diseases of the Prostate 111
Summary 114

ChapTEr 5

Gender Issues 116

Male and Female, Masculine and Feminine 117

Sex and Gender 117
Gender Identity and Gender Role 118

Contents xi

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 Gender-Identity Formation 118
Gender Identity as a Biological Process: Typical Prenatal Differentiation 118
Differences in Sexual Development 126
Sex-Chromosome Variations 126
Variations Affecting Prenatal Hormonal Processes 128
Social-Learning Influences on Gender Identity 130
Treatment Strategies for Intersex People: Debate and Controversy 132
The Interactional Model of Gender Development 134
Gender Identity: A Spectrum 134
Transgender Variations: An Evolving Terminology 135
LET’S TaLK aBOUT IT Respectful Communication With a Transgender Individual 136
Transitioning 137
Sexual Orientation of Transgender Men and Women 138
Understanding the Development of Transgender Individuals 138
Acceptance and Civil Rights 139
Gender Roles 140
SpOTLIGhT ON rESEarCh Cross-Cultural Sex Differences in Personality Traits 141
How Do We Learn Gender Roles? 142
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Ethnic Variations in Gender Roles 142
Gender-Role Expectations: Their Impact on Our Sexuality 147

Summary 150

ChapTEr 6

Sexual Arousal and Response 151

The Brain and Sexual Arousal 152

SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Cultural Variations in Sexual Arousal 153
SpOTLIGhT ON rESEarCh Monitoring Brain Function During Sexual
Arousal With Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging 155
The Senses and Sexual Arousal 156
Touch 156
Vision 157
Smell 158
Taste 159
Hearing 159
Aphrodisiacs and Anaphrodisiacs in Sexual Arousal 160
Aphrodisiacs: Do They Work? 160
Anaphrodisiacs 163
The Role of Hormones in Sexual Behavior 164
Sex Hormones in Male Sexual Behavior 165
Sex Hormones in Female Sexual Behavior 166
How Much Testosterone Is Necessary for Normal Sexual Functioning? 167
Testosterone Replacement Therapy 168
Oxytocin in Male and Female Sexual Behavior 169
Sexual Response 170
Kaplan’s Three-Stage Model 170
Bancroft and Janssen’s Dual Control Model of Sexual Response 171
Masters and Johnson’s Four-Phase Model 171
SpOTLIGhT ON rESEarCh Monitoring Genital Changes During Sexual
Arousal With Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging 173

xii Contents

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Subjective Descriptions of Orgasm 176
The Grafenberg Spot 177
Aging and the Sexual Response Cycle 179
The Sexual Response Cycle of Older Women 179
The Sexual Response Cycle of Older Men 180
Differences Between the Sexes in Sexual Response 181
Greater Variability in Female Response 181
SpOTLIGhT ON rESEarCh Sex Differences in Sex Drive 182
The Male Refractory Period 183
Multiple Orgasms 183
Summary 186

ChapTEr 7

Love and Communication in

Intimate Relationships 188
What Is Love? 189
Types of Love 190
Passionate Love 190
Companionate Love 191
Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love 192
Lee’s Styles of Loving 194
Falling in Love: Why and With Whom? 195
The Chemistry of Love 195
Proximity 196
Similarity 197
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Partner Choice and Race 198
Reciprocity 199
Physical Attractiveness 199
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Differences Between American Men and Women
in Mate Selection Preferences 200
Love and Styles of Attachment 201
Attachment Styles 202
Adult Intimate Relationships as an Attachment Process 203
Issues in Loving Relationships 204
What Is the Relationship Between Love and Sex? 204
Jealousy in Relationships 207
Maintaining Relationship Satisfaction 208
Ingredients in a Lasting Love Relationship 208
LET’S TaLK aBOUT IT Coping With Jealousy, the Green-Eyed Monster 209
Sexual Variety: An Important Ingredient 211
The Importance of Sexual Communication 212
Talking: Getting Started 212
Talking About Talking 212
LET’S TaLK aBOUT IT The Benefits of Affectionate Communication 213
Reading and Discussing 213
Sharing Sexual Histories 213
Listening and Feedback 214
Be an Active Listener 214
Maintain Eye Contact 214

Contents xiii

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 Provide Feedback 215
Support Your Partner’s Communication Efforts 215
Express Unconditional Positive Regard 215
Discovering Your Partner’s Needs 215
Asking Questions 216
Self-Disclosure 217
Discussing Sexual Preferences 219
Giving Permission 219
Learning to Make Requests 219
Taking Responsibility for Our Own Pleasure 220
Making Requests Specific 220
Using “I” Language 220
Expressing and Receiving Complaints 221
Constructive Strategies for Expressing Complaints 221
LET’S TaLK aBOUT IT Consent for Everyone! 222
Receiving Complaints 226
Saying No 227
A Three-Step Approach to Saying No 228
Avoid Sending Mixed Messages 228
Nonverbal Sexual Communication 229
Facial Expressions 229
Interpersonal Distance 230
Touching 230
Sounds 230
Communication Patterns in Successful and Unsuccessful Relationships 231
Gottman’s Constructive Communication Tactics 231
Gottman’s Destructive Communication Tactics 232

Summary 234

ChapTEr 8

Sexual Behaviors 237

Celibacy 238
Erotic Dreams and Fantasy 239
Erotic Dreams 239
Erotic Fantasy 239
Male/Female Similarities and Differences in Sexual Fantasy 241
Fantasies: Help or Hindrance? 241
Masturbation 242
Perspectives on Masturbation 242
Purposes of Masturbation 244
Ethnicity and Masturbation 246
Self-Pleasuring Techniques 246
Sexual Expression: The Importance of Context 247
The Context of Sexual Expression 248
The Maltz Hierarchy 248
Frequency of Partner Sexual Activity 250
Kissing and Touching 251
Kissing 251
Touching 252

xiv Contents

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Oral–Genital Stimulation 253
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Oral Sex Experiences Among American Men
and Women 255
Anal Sex Play and Penetration 256
Coitus and Coital Positions 257
Kink Lite 260
Intercourse the Tantric Way 261

Summary 262

ChapTEr 9

Sexual Orientations 264

A Continuum of Sexual Orientations 265

Sexual Fluidity 266
Asexuality 267
Bisexuality 268
Homosexuality 270
What Determines Sexual Orientation? 271
Psychosocial Theories 271
Research Into Biological Factors 272
SpOTLIGhT ON rESEarCh Where Does Straight End and Gay Begin? 273
Societal Attitudes Regarding Homosexuality 275
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Homosexuality in Cross-Cultural Perspective 275
Judeo-Christian Attitudes Toward Homosexuality 277
From Sin to Sickness 278
Homophobia 279
The Gay Rights Movement 281
The Stonewall Incident and Beyond 282
Decriminalization of Private Sexual Behavior 282
Antidiscrimination 282
Legal Civil Marriage for Same-Sex Couples 283
Homosexuality and the Media 285
Coming Out 286
LET’S TaLK aBOUT IT Guidelines for Coming Out to Friends 290
Homosexual Relationships in Context 292

Summary 295

ChapTEr 10

Contraception 297

Historical and Social Perspectives 298

Contraception in the United States 298
Contraception as a Contemporary Issue 299
SEX aND pOLITICS The Power of Pro-Life Anti-Contraception Politics 300
The Importance of Access to Contraception 301
Contraception as a Global Issue 302
Sharing Responsibility and Choosing a Birth Control Method 303
It Takes Two 303
Choosing a Birth Control Method 304
“Outercourse” 309

Contents xv

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 YOUr SEXUaL hEaLTh Which Contraceptive Method Is Best for You? 310
Hormone-Based Contraceptives 310
Oral Contraceptives 310
The Vaginal Ring and the Transdermal Patch 313
Injected Contraceptives 313
Contraceptive Implant 314
Barrier and Spermicide Methods 314
Condoms 314
LET’S TaLK aBOUT IT Don’t Go Inside Without Your Rubbers On 316
Vaginal Spermicides 317
Cervical Barrier Devices 319
Intrauterine Devices 320
How the IUD Works 321
Emergency Contraception 322
Fertility Awareness Methods 324
Standard Days Method 324
Mucus Method 325
Calendar Method 325
Basal Body Temperature Method 325
Sterilization 326
Female Sterilization 326
Male Sterilization 327
Unreliable Methods 328
Nursing 328
Withdrawal 328
Douching 328
New Directions in Contraception 329
New Directions for Men 329
New Directions for Women 329
Summary 330

ChapTEr 11

Conceiving Children: Process and Choice 332

Parenthood as an Option 333

Becoming Pregnant 334
Enhancing the Possibility of Conception 334
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Preselecting a Baby’s Sex: Technology
and Cross-Cultural Issues 334
Infertility 335
Reproductive Alternatives 338
Pregnancy Detection 341
Spontaneous and Elective Abortion 342
Miscarriage and Stillbirth 342
Elective Abortion 343
How Women Decide 343
Shared Responsibility 343
Psychological Reactions to Abortion 344
Pregnancy Risk Taking and Abortion 344
Rates of Abortion 345

xvi Contents

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 Procedures for Abortion 345
Illegal Abortions 347
The Abortion Controversy 348
SEX aND pOLITICS Abortion Restrictions at the State Level 350
The Experience of Pregnancy 352
The Woman’s Experience 352
The Man’s Experience 353
Sexual Interaction During Pregnancy 353
A Healthy Pregnancy 354
Fetal Development 354
Prenatal Care 355
YOUr SEXUaL hEaLTh Folic Acid and Fetal Development 357
Risks to Fetal Development 358
Pregnancy After Age 35 360
Fatherhood After Age 45 360
Childbirth 360
Contemporary Childbirth 361
Stages of Childbirth 361
After Childbirth 363
Breast-Feeding 364
Sexual Interaction After Childbirth 366

Summary 368

ChapTEr 12

Sexuality During Childhood

and Adolescence 369
Sexual Behavior During Infancy and Childhood 370
Infant Sexuality 370
Childhood Sexuality 371
The Physical Changes of Adolescence 375
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY American Ethnic Diversity in Age at Menarche 376
Sexual Behavior During Adolescence 378
The Sexual Double Standard 378
Masturbation 379
Noncoital Sexual Expression 379
Ongoing Sexual Relationships 380
Adolescent Sexting 381
Sexual Intercourse 381
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY American Ethnic Diversity in Adolescent
Sexual Experiences 384
Homosexuality 387
SEX aND pOLITICS Antigay Harassment/Bullying of Teenagers 388
The Effect of AIDS on Teenage Sexual Behavior 389
Adolescent Pregnancy 390
Negative Consequences of Teenage Pregnancy 390
Use of Contraceptives 391
Strategies for Reducing Teenage Pregnancy 392

Contents xvii

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 Sex Education 394
Answering Children’s Questions About Sex 394
Initiating Conversations When Children Do Not Ask Questions 395
School-Based Sex Education 397
SEX aND pOLITICS Abstinence-Only Sex Education 398
Summary 399

ChapTEr 13

Sexuality and the Adult Years 401

Single Living 402

Singles and the Internet 403
Cohabitation 404
Marriage 405
Marriage in Current Collectivist and Individualist Cultures 405
SEX aND pOLITICS Marriage in Crisis 407
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Where Women Choose 408
Marriage in the United States 409
Changing Expectations and Marital Patterns 410
Interracial Marriage 412
Predicting Marital Satisfaction 412
YOUr SEXUaL hEaLTh Know Your Partner 413
Sexual Behavior and Satisfaction in Marriage 414
Nonmonogamy 415
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Extramarital Sexuality in Other Cultures 415
Consensual Nonmonogamy 416
Nonconsensual Extramarital Relationships 417
Divorce 421
Explaining the High Divorce Rate 421
Reasons People Give for Divorce 422
Adjusting to Divorce or Breakup of Long-Term Relationships 422
Sexuality and Aging 423
The Double Standard and Aging 423
Sexual Activity in Later Years 424
Last Love 427
Widowhood 427
Summary 428

ChapTEr 14

Sexual Difficulties and Solutions 430

YOUr SEXUaL hEaLTh Index of Sexual Satisfaction 433

Specific Sexual Difficulties 434
Desire-Phase Difficulties 434
Excitement-Phase Difficulties 435
Orgasm-Phase Difficulties 436
Dyspareunia 438
Origins of Sexual Difficulties 440
Physiological Factors 440
Cultural Influences 445
Individual Factors 447
xviii Contents

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SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Suffering for Beauty 449
Relationship Factors 451
Basics of Sexual Enhancement and Sex Therapy 452
Self-Awareness 453
Communication 453
Sensate Focus 454
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY How Modern Sex Therapy Can Clash
With Cultural Values 455
Specific Suggestions for Women 456
Specific Suggestions for Men 458
Treating Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder 463
Seeking Professional Assistance 464
Summary 465

ChapTEr 15

Sexually Transmitted Infections 468

LET’S TaLK aBOUT IT Telling a Partner 472

Bacterial Infections 472
Chlamydia Infection 473
Gonorrhea 474
Nongonococcal Urethritis 476
Syphilis 477
Viral Infections 479
Herpes 479
Genital Warts 484
Viral Hepatitis 487
SEX aND pOLITICS Arguments Against and for Mandatory
HPV Vaccinations 488
Common Vaginal Infections 490
Bacterial Vaginosis 491
Candidiasis 492
Trichomoniasis 492
Ectoparasitic Infections 493
Pubic Lice 493
Scabies 494
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 495
Incidence 496
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY AIDS in Africa: Death and Hope on a
Ravaged Continent 499
Transmission 501
SpOTLIGhT ON rESEarCh Circumcision as a Strategy for Preventing
HIV Infection 502
Symptoms and Complications 503
HIV Antibody Tests 504
Development of AIDS 505
Treatment 506
Prevention 510
Preventing Sexually Transmitted Infections 512
Prevention Guidelines 512

Contents xix

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 YOUr SEXUaL hEaLTh The Only Way to Best Determine if You or Your Partner(s) Do
Not Have an STI is to Get Tested 514
Summary 517

ChapTEr 16

Atypical Sexual Behavior 521

What Constitutes Atypical Sexual Behavior? 522

Noncoercive Versus Coercive Paraphilias 524
Noncoercive Paraphilias 525
Fetishism 525
Transvestic Disorder 526
Sexual Sadism and Sexual Masochism 527
Other Noncoercive Paraphilias 530
Coercive Paraphilias 531
Exhibitionism 531
Obscene Phone Calls 533
Voyeurism 534
Other Coercive Paraphilias 536
Sexual Addiction: Fact, Fiction, or Misnomer? 537
Summary 540

ChapTEr 17

Sexual Coercion 542

Rape 543
Prevalence of Rape 543
False Beliefs About Rape 545
Factors Associated With Rape 546
YOUr SEXUaL hEaLTh Dealing With Rape and Attempted Rape 552
Wartime Rape 554
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Punishing Women Who Have Been Raped 555
The Aftermath of Rape 556
Rape and Sexual Assault of Males 557
LET’S TaLK aBOUT IT Helping a Partner or Friend Recover From Rape 558
Sexual Abuse of Children 560
SEXUaLITY & DIVErSITY Breast Ironing to Protect Girls From
Sexual Victimization 561
Characteristics of People Who Sexually Abuse Children 562
Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse 563
Recovered Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse 564
Pedophiles on the Internet 566
Effects of Child Sexual Abuse 567
Preventing Child Sexual Abuse 568
When the Child Tells 570
Sexual Harassment 570
Varieties and Incidence of Sexual Harassment on the Job 572
Cyberstalking 575
Sexual Harassment in Academic Settings 575
Summary 577

xx Contents

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
ChapTEr 18

Sex for Sale 580

Pornography 581
To Each His or Her Own 581
Erotica 582
Variations in Straight, Gay, and Lesbian Pornographic Films 583
Historical Overview 583
Freedom of Speech Versus Censorship 584
SEX aND pOLITICS Pornography as Social Criticism 585
Child Pornography 588
The Marriage of Technology and Sexually Explicit Materials 588
The “Pornification” of U.S. Culture 589
Is Pornography Helpful? 589
Is Pornography Harmful? 590
Sex Work 592
History of Prostitution and Sex Work 593
The Legal Status of Sex Work 594
Adult Male and Female Sex Workers 596
The Internet and Sex Work 599
Teenagers in Sex Work 599
The Personal Costs of Sex Work 599
Customers of Sex Workers 600
Glorification of Pimps in the United States 601
Worldwide Trafficking of Women and Children in Prostitution 601

Summary 603

GLOSSarY G1

rEfErENCES R1

SUBjECT INDEX S1

aUThOr INDEX A1

Contents xxi

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 Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
 CHAPTER XI
THRILLING EVENTS WHICH CROWDED ONE SHORT WEEK
OF MY LIFE—HOW I PROFITED NOTHING FROM ALL THE
RISKS I FACED
Not all the crimes the professional criminal commits are carefully
planned in advance. Very often they are committed on the spur of
the moment, when the opportunity to steal some article of value
without detection suddenly presents itself. The habit of wrongdoing
becomes so strongly developed that the thief is unable to resist the
temptation to steal even when he is not in need of money and when
there is every incentive for him to avoid the risk of arrest.
This was exactly what happened to me in Springfield, Mass., one
day. The fact that I was unable to withstand the glittering lure of a
tray full of diamonds proved the starting point of one of the most
eventful weeks of my life.
What happened to me during the week which began with my bold
robbery of a Springfield diamond merchant is as good an example as
I can select from my past career to give point to the lesson I have
learned and am trying to teach—that crime in the long run can never
be made to pay.
Just think of it—in the seven days that followed the unlucky moment
when I thrust my hand into that open showcase in Springfield I was
arrested three times, jumped my bail once, and successfully made
my escape from a Boston cell. During all that time I was never free
from fear of arrest—asleep or awake, I would start at the slightest
sound, fearful that it was a detective coming to snap those hateful
handcuffs on my wrists again.
And what did I have to show for all the nervous strain, all the
suffering and hardship I underwent during that week? Worse than
nothing at all. Although I stole cash and valuables amounting to
more than seven thousand dollars, I was penniless when I finally
succeeded in getting back to New York.
A good share of the money had gone to the lawyers. A thousand
dollars of it I had been obliged to leave behind when I made my
escape from the Boston police, and the trayful of diamond rings I
had stolen was hidden in Springfield, where I would not dare show
my face for many months. Even the rings on my own fingers had
gone to pay my lawyers' fees and my bail.
But let me go back to the very beginning and explain just how all
these things came about.
It was when I was on my way back from an unsuccessful bank
robbing expedition to a Canadian town. I was feeling tired, out of
sorts and generally disgusted with myself. "If I ever get back to my
home in New York," I said to myself remorsefully, "I will surely settle
down to an honest life."
But alas for all my good intentions! Just before I reached Springfield
I happened to recall that this was where an old school friend of mine
lived. She was a thoroughly respectable woman, the wife of a hard
working tradesman, and I determined to stop off and surprise her
with a visit.
As luck would have it, I found her house locked, and one of her
neighbors told me that she was away visiting her mother in
Worcester. Knowing no one else in Springfield, there was nothing for
me to do but kill time for two or three hours until another train left
for New York.
I was strolling leisurely along one of the main streets as innocent as
one of my babies of any intention of wrongdoing, when I happened
to notice something wrong with my watch. The hands had evidently
stuck together, and it had stopped more than an hour before. Just
across the street I saw a large jewelry store. I walked over there to
see about my watch. It was the noon hour and the store was
deserted except for an old man whom I judged to be the proprietor,
and, at his bench far in the rear, a lone watchmaker.
The proprietor was arranging some trays of diamonds in one of the
showcases when I approached him and stated my errand. He said
my watch could be fixed in two minutes, and started off with it to
the watchmaker's bench. His back was no sooner turned than I took
in the fact that he had neglected to close the sliding door of the
showcase. Inside there, within easy reach of my long arms, were
two, three, a dozen trays of costly diamond rings, brooches, and
necklaces.
Forgetting all my recent resolutions and regardless of the
consequences I reached my hand across the showcase and down
inside. It took a powerful stretch of my muscles to reach the nearest
of the trays. But at last my fingers closed securely over its edge,
and, with a skill born of long experience, I drew my arm back and
the tray of rings came with it.
This was an operation that required a good deal of care, because in
my position the tray was not an easy thing to handle without letting
some of its precious contents fall clattering to the floor and give the
alarm. In less time than it takes to tell, however, and before the
proprietor had fairly reached the watchmaker's bench, I had the tray
safely concealed in my handbag.
The proprietor returned with my watch. It was only a trivial matter
to adjust it, he said, and there would be no charge whatever. I
thanked him and hurried out, shaking inwardly for fear he would
discover the absence of the tray of rings before I could lose myself
in the streets.
After getting his plunder a thief's first thought is to get it out of his
possession. What he wants is a temporary hiding place—a place
where he can conceal it until whatever outcry the theft may have
caused has had time to die down and he can safely dispose of his
booty to one of the numerous "fences" who are to be found in every
large city. Whenever possible, the prudent thief selects a temporary
hiding place before he actually lays his hands on his plunder, and
loses no time in getting it out of his possession, so that, in case the
police arrest him soon after the robbery, they will find nothing
incriminating.
This crime of mine, however, was so entirely unpremeditated that I
had not the faintest idea what I was going to do with my tray of
rings when I walked out of the store. Down the street a few blocks I
saw the railroad station, and this suggested a plan. I would check
my bag there and hide the check in some place where I could easily
recover it whenever the coast was clear.
This was a plan I had often followed with success, and it is a favorite
with thieves even to this day. I saw by the newspapers that the
misguided young man who robbed the New York jewelry firm of
$100,000 worth of gems the other day went straight to the
Pennsylvania Railroad Station and checked the suitcase containing
the plunder which had tempted him to his ruin.
By this time all intention of reform had left my mind, and I thought
only of the ways I could use the money the diamonds would bring.
The hurried inspection I had been able to give them placed their
value at fully $3,000.
I walked quickly, but with no outward signs of excitement to the
station, where I locked my handbag and exchanged it for a brass
check. Then I walked out of the station and seated myself on a
bench in the public square. It was the work of only a minute to dig a
little cavity in the gravel under one of the legs of the bench with the
pointed heel of my French boot. A big red-faced policeman was
standing uncomfortably near all the while, but soon he turned his
back. I bent over quickly, placed the check in the little hole I had
dug, and quickly covered it with earth. I continued sitting there for
some minutes, making a mental photograph of the spot so that I
would be able to locate it again, even if I had to wait months.
As I rose and crossed the square to a department store I realized
that I had not acted a bit too quickly, for I overheard some men
discussing the daring robbery of the jewelry store. It had just been
discovered, so they said, and the police were already scouring the
city for the thieves.
I made haste to purchase a satchel very similar in appearance to the
one containing the diamonds. In this I placed a few trinkets and
such things as a woman might naturally carry, and returned to the
railroad station. I checked this satchel just as I had the other, and
walked away—my mind somewhat at rest.
Walking along the main street I encountered a detective who was
convoying a couple of men to the station. The face of one of the
men was familiar, and he recognized me before I could turn away.
Using a store window as a mirror I was able to see that all three had
stopped across the street and were looking at me. I lost no time in
getting away, and the detective, of course, had his hands full. But I
knew my chances of getting out of town were mighty slim, and it
was no surprise an hour later when two detectives confronted me at
the station.
"How do you do?" said one; "do you live here?"
"I live in New Haven," I said, rapidly adding a fictitious name and
address. I explained my visit to town, but they were not satisfied
and to the police station I went.
In searching me the detectives held up my satchel check and hurried
off gleefully to the depot, quite certain that they had found the
missing diamonds.
They returned crestfallen, but the captain had an instinct that told
him I had those diamonds and he ordered me locked up over night.
From a neighboring cell the two men arrested earlier in the day
called out:
"Hello, Sophie, how did you get in?"
I did not answer, and pretended not to know them. The police
unlocked my cell door and invited me to come out and meet my
friends, hoping, of course, to learn something.
But I said in a loud voice that I never saw the men before, and that
they must have mistaken me. The two men were good enough to
take the hint at this point that I was in trouble, and soon after I
heard one of them saying that from a distance I looked like Sophie
Lyons.
In the morning the police captain reluctantly released me. But he
sent a detective to make sure I got out of town, and he gave me his
parting promise to run me in if I ever came within his reach.
There was nothing for me to do but to take the train and hope to
return some day for the diamonds. I got off at New Haven and sat in
the railroad station pondering ways and means.
My thoughts were interrupted by the appearance of Lizzie Saunders,
a woman criminal of no mean ability. From the effusiveness of her
welcome I suspected that she was "broke" and wanted a loan, as,
indeed, proved to be the case.
I hadn't much to spare, and was forced to listen to her schemes. She
told me that the town of Holyoke was a splendid place to pick up
money, as it was crowded with farmers attending a fair.
I was tired and disgusted and wanted to return to New York. Yet I
did not want to go so far from the diamonds, and, foolishly, I
listened and was persuaded.
Arrived at Holyoke we investigated the banks, but saw no chance of
snatching anything. We were both very much in need of raising
some funds right away, and something had to be done.
A sure-enough farmer cashed a large check, counted the money five
times, laid it in a huge wallet, and tied the wallet together with a
piece of string. Then he placed it in the breast pocket of his coat and
marched out. Of course, we followed. Lizzie, who was known as
"The Woman in Black," because she never wore anything else, kept
a lookout while I operated.
The old man was watching the street parade, hands in his trousers
pockets, chin stuck out, and whiskers projecting a foot in front of
him.
I reached my hand into his pocket, got a grip on the wallet, and was
about to give the quick snap of the wrist and jostle, which is part of
the pickpocket's technique, when I felt a heavy hand on my
shoulder. I knew instinctively that it was a detective. Quickly
thrusting the bulky wallet back into the old man's pocket, I threw my
arms around his neck and kissed him.

I FELT A HAND ON MY SHOULDER

"Oh, Uncle Dan!" I cried between the kisses, with which I fairly
smothered the astonished old man; "where in the world did you
come from?"
The old man almost got apoplexy, for I kissed him and hugged him
with a vehemence that made everybody forget the parade. I can
remember the sea of whiskers I dived into.
"Gosh all hemlock, who are you?" he gasped when I let him go. "I
ain't Dan, I'm Abijah."
The detective really believed that I knew Abijah, but he remembered
Lizzie and took her away. I was about to escape when a redfaced
woman arrived and shouted:
"You hussy, what do you mean by hugging my husband?"
The detective hesitated and looked back, but he would have let me
go if Lizzy hadn't been fool enough to call out:
"Sophie, find me a lawyer and get me out of this."
That was enough even for the thick-headed police detective, and he
took us both away. The old man refused to testify against us. He
was afraid he would not be believed and the scandal would get back
to his home town. He was right; it would have.
Arrived at the station, no talk or acting was of the slightest avail,
and the judge next day held us each in $500 bail.
We raised that amount on jewelry, and, of course, "jumped" it and
arrived at Boston together.
I was thoroughly disgusted with Lizzie, but she stuck to me like a
leech, in spite of a dozen tricks that would have rid me of a
detective.
At last I succeeded in getting away from her and happened to meet
an all-round knight of the underworld known as "Frisco Farley."
Together we worked the soda fountain trick, which was new then,
and which I will explain in a later article.
In the course of the day we took in considerable profits, which had
not been divided or even counted when we foolishly stepped into a
jewelry store, merely to look at a new-fangled thief-proof showcase.
The first thing I knew, Farley was gone and I was arrested. It seems
Farley had operated in that store a year ago, had been noticed and
had escaped just in time. I was arrested as his accomplice.
On the way to the station what worried me most was the fact that I
had in my pocket a ticket to New York. In Boston, for some reason,
a ticket to New York is looked upon by the police as conclusive
evidence of guilt.
I burst into tears and wailed and sobbed at the shame and
humiliation of my arrest. By concealing the ticket in my handkerchief
I managed to get it into my mouth as I wiped away my tears. Long
before we reached the station house I had chewed up the small
piece of pasteboard and swallowed it.
The story I told had only one weak spot. There was $400 more in
my pocketbook than I thought, and this one discrepancy made them
lock me up.
That night I was placed in a cell with an intoxicated woman. I was
able to send out and get a bottle of whiskey, but not for myself.
About midnight the woman woke up and was glad of a drink. I not
only gave her one, but many, until she was in a stupor and made no
protest when I changed clothes with her.
In those days, in Boston, it was usually the custom to let intoxicated
persons sleep in a cell and then to put them out on the street in the
morning without bringing them to court.
In the morning I pretended to be half sober and protested violently
against being thrown out in the cold. But they pushed me out onto
the sidewalk, much to my outward grief and inward joy.
I borrowed the price of a ticket to New York, leaving my money in
the police station and my jewels at Springfield. Thus a week of hard,
nerve-wrecking work netted me absolutely not one cent, but in
reality the loss of my jewels, my time, and considerable money.
 CHAPTER XII
GOOD DEEDS WHICH CRIMINALS DO AND WHICH SHOW
THAT EVEN THE WORST THIEF IS NEVER WHOLLY BAD
A life of crime is a life of hard work, great risk, and, comparatively
speaking, small pay. Anyone who has followed these articles will
agree at once that whatever the criminal gets out of his existence he
pays very dearly for. Not only is he constantly running great physical
dangers—the risk of being shot or otherwise injured and of being
caught and imprisoned—but many of his most carefully planned
criminal enterprises are doomed to failure and he has only his labor
for his pains.
Quite frequently bank burglars devote as much as three or four
months of hard labor in preparing for an important robbery and, in a
large percentage of cases, they find that, after all their patience and
industry, it is impossible for them to execute the robbery they have
so carefully planned and all their work goes for nought. Sometimes,
too, they are interrupted in their work and have to flee, leaving
behind their kits of valuable tools. Watchmen's bullets are ever
threatening their lives and prison walls constantly loom up before
them.
In view of these facts one would imagine that the money which the
professional criminal makes at such great risk and expense and with
so much difficulty would have an enhanced value in his eyes. But
this is not so. Not only is the professional criminal an inveterate
gambler, as I have repeatedly pointed out, but the great majority of
them are generous to a fault.
While this generosity is almost universal in the underworld, those
unfamiliar with the workings of the criminal heart would give it very
little credit for such impulses.
My experience in the underworld has thoroughly convinced me that
no criminal is wholly bad. I know that beneath the rough exterior of
many of the desperate criminals with whom I came in contact beat
hearts that were tender. To-day I shall relate some of the more
striking incidents which come back to me and which illustrate some
of the good qualities possessed by the notorious criminals with
whom I associated.
I am reminded of an experience I had with Dan Nugent, the bank
burglar. I may say incidentally that this man Nugent was absolutely
fearless and would resort to any measure, however desperate, to
accomplish his purpose. He was a man to be feared and it was
dangerous to cross him. But that this criminal had some very
excellent qualities will appear from the following incident, now told
for the first time.
While in Kansas City I robbed a bank, securing some four thousand
dollars. As I was leaving the bank—it was in the day time—I saw
Nugent going in. Evidently he had planned to rob the bank himself.
We did not speak.
Within a few minutes after my departure the robbery was
discovered. The doors were at once closed and no one was allowed
to leave without first undergoing the scrutiny of the detectives who
had been summoned by telephone. Poor Dan was caught in the trap
and his identity being established he was at once arrested on
suspicion of having been implicated in the robbery, if not the actual
perpetrator of it, although the only evidence against him was the
fact of being on the premises.
Dan was kept in custody for some hours, but at length the police
were compelled to let him go, being unable to strengthen their case
against him.
Later that day I happened to run into him.
"Sophie," he said threateningly, "you owe me two thousand dollars!"
"How do you make that out?" I asked quite innocently, not knowing
to what he was referring. I didn't know then that the robbery I had
committed had been discovered and that Nugent had been arrested
for it.
"You got four thousand dollars in the bank this morning," he replied
bitterly, "and I got arrested for it."
He seemed to be in a very ugly frame of mind and I knew he was
not a man to be trifled with. I asked him to step into a café and talk
it over. We entered the back room of a nearby saloon and Nugent
ordered some drinks.
There were various persons seated at other tables in the place, but
we attracted no particular attention. After the waiter had served us
and left the room, Nugent took off his hat, held it across the table as
though he were handing it to me, and beneath the shelter it
afforded pointed a gun at me.

"SOPHIE, IF YOU DON'T HAND ME $2,000, I'LL BLOW YOUR

HEAD OFF"
"Sophie, if you don't divide up on that job, I will blow your head off!"
he threatened in a low voice.
I admit I was frightened, but I did not lose my head. Instead I
began to cry copiously.
"Dan," I sobbed, "I declare by all I hold holy I didn't get any money
in the bank this morning. I've just gotten out of jail and I'm dead
broke. My poor children need lots of things I can't buy them. I wish I
had got that money at the bank this morning, but I didn't. It must
have been some one else who made a safe get-away, and I think it's
pretty mean of you to treat me this way," and I began to cry more
strenuously than ever.
Dan looked at me a moment searchingly and then, deciding that my
grief was genuine, put up his gun.
"Don't cry, Sophie. I thought you got the money, and I wanted my
bit, that's all. I'm sorry to have scared you. Forget it, old girl, and
cheer up."
Nugent then asked me what the kids at home needed, and I told
him everything I could think of. He took me by the arm and marched
me into a dry goods store and made a number of purchases of the
things he thought the children would want, and gave them to me,
along with a little money for myself. We then parted, Nugent wishing
me all kinds of luck and firmly believing in my fairy tale.
I really ought to have shared the money with Nugent because I had
stolen a march on him in robbing the bank before he got a chance,
and he got into trouble through me. But I knew he had made a big
haul in a bank a month previous, and I was practically without
funds, so he could more easily afford the loss of the two thousand
than I could. But, like most criminals, Nugent had a kind heart, and,
when his finer nature was appealed to, he could not help being
noble and generous.
As another illustration of the kindness of heart of some criminals, let
me tell of a letter I received from a world-renowned criminal, whose
name I will not now disclose. This unfortunate man is now serving a
term in a foreign prison for a daring bank robbery in which he was
caught through his anxiety to help a pal—although if he had thought
only of himself he would have been free. I will quote from his letter
to me and you will see the kindness that dwells in his big heart:

"My dear Pal:—Now, I want you to do me a little favor. Don't

send me any money or presents at Christmas, but take the
money that you would use on me, and go out and buy some
turkeys and give them to some of the poor people who live
around your place. It will make them feel good, and it will be a
better way to use the money than to waste it by sending it over
to me."

A man who can write such a thoughtful letter as the above and can
sympathize with others in distress is not entirely a bad man, even
though he is a convicted criminal. It is sad, indeed, to think that
such a large hearted man should have to spend most of his days
behind prison bars instead of being at some kind of labor where he
could be of service to mankind and do all the decent things which
his kindly thoughts of others would prompt him to do.
Not because I want to convey the impression that I am better than
any of the other criminals whose exploits I am narrating, but, on the
contrary, because the incident I am about to relate is typical of what
notorious criminals are doing every day, I am going to tell of another
experience in which I figured.
It was when I was in New York. One day, while loitering in a bank in
the vicinity of Broadway and Chambers street, I observed a woman
draw some money. She put it in a handkerchief and then placed the
handkerchief in her pocket. I was in need of money pretty badly just
then and decided to follow the woman and get the money.
After she came out of the bank I got close to her and had no trouble
in taking out the handkerchief and the money. She was walking
down toward the river front and, having started in that direction,
too, I had to continue for a block or so in order not to excite
suspicion by turning back. I walked a little behind the woman, and,
when we reached the middle of the block, she stopped and spoke to
me:
"I beg your pardon, madame, but can you tell me where the French
line steamboats dock?"
I directed her to the proper place and we got into conversation. She
told me that she was going home to her mother in France in order to
die there. She had been given up by the doctors here as an
incurable consumptive and had sold all her goods for a few hundred
dollars with which she was to pay her fare and give the rest to her
mother. I became interested in this, for it seemed to me that I had
robbed a woman in distress of her last dollar, and that was
something I did not like to do.
I asked her if she had money besides the amount she drew out of
the bank (she had told me of taking the money from the bank), and
she said that was all she had in the world. I could not think of
keeping her money after that, because, when the poor woman
reached the ticket office and found her money gone and her trip
abroad impossible, she would probably have died of the shock. So I
determined to put the money back in the poor French woman's
pocket. I walked along with her to the ticket office and, while she
was talking to the agent, I slipped the money back in her pocket.
She bought her ticket and went aboard the boat and I felt pleased
that I had not kept the money.
That evening I told some of my criminal friends of the transaction,
and several of them seemed disgusted with me because I had not
put in some money of my own along with the small mite the woman
had so that she would be cheered up a bit. They thought it mean of
me not to do more than I did to help along a woman so unfortunate
as this sick woman.
On several other occasions I voluntarily returned stolen money to
people when I found out that they were more in need of it than
myself. I stole a satchel from a woman in a bank once and it
contained a few hundred dollars. The next day I discovered in the
paper that the woman was blind and I was referred to as the
meanest kind of a thief. When I learned this I hastened to return the
money to the unfortunate woman. I never could sleep easy if I
thought that any really deserving person suffered from my thieving.
I tried to confine my work to people who could afford to lose their
money and would soon forget the affair. A very poor person who
loses the savings of a lifetime never gets over the shock of his or her
loss and it causes real suffering. It didn't worry me any to make
people feel resentful and indignant, but I could not bear the thought
of making anybody unhappy.
I was in Paris many years ago and stopping at one of the most
fashionable hotels in the city. Mrs. Lorillard, the society woman, was
occupying rooms adjoining mine, and I was trying to get her jewelry.
She always carried a great amount of jewelry with her, and I knew
the prize was a good one. She had two maids with her, one of whom
had to keep watch over two satchels in which the jewelry was
secreted.
The maids were honest girls and we could not do any business
through them, but we followed the party from place to place
expecting that some time the girl would forget to take proper care of
her satchels, and then our opportunity to steal them would arrive. A
few days after Mrs. Lorillard had settled at this hotel she attended
some reception in Paris and, of course, her jewelry bags had to be
taken from the hotel safe, where they had been placed for safety.
Mrs. Lorillard picked out the particular pieces of jewelry she wanted
to wear at the reception, and closed up the two bags, turning them
over to the maid to place in the safe. The maid came out of the
apartment with the two bags, and I met her in the hall and began to
ask her some trivial question. She stopped to talk with me and laid
down the bags. While I kept her engaged in conversation a comrade
of mine crept up, substituted another bag for one of the jewelry
receptacles and skipped off. I continued to talk a little longer and
then the girl and I parted, she going downstairs to the safe with the
two bags, not suspecting that I had deliberately held her in
conversation while my friend had taken one of the precious bags.
My associate went to another hotel and concealed the jewelry, while
I stayed there in my room, not wishing to attract attention by
leaving at such a critical time, for, after the robbery was discovered,
if it had been found that I had left at the same time it would have
been natural for suspicion to be directed at me.
The following day, when the bags were sent for in order for Mrs.
Lorillard to put back the jewels she had worn at the reception, it was
found that one of the bags was missing and there was great
excitement. Detectives by the score were sent for and the whole
hotel was searched top and bottom for a clew.
That evening, after I had retired, I heard a woman sobbing in the
adjoining room, and, as the sobs continued for some time, I knocked
and asked if I could be of assistance to her. She opened the door
and invited me into her room. It was Mrs. Lorillard. She told me of
the robbery and said that it was not the jewelry she worried about
but the loss of a picture of her dead child which was very dear to
her. She thought more of the picture than the jewels and her grief
over its disappearance was pathetic. I consoled her as best I could,
and told her I had had some experience as a detective and thought I
could secure the return of the picture without any trouble, especially
as it was not valuable to the thieves. The following day I took back
the picture to the woman and she was overjoyed at its return. After
remaining in the hotel long enough not to excite suspicion by my
departure, I left to meet my pals and divide the proceeds of the job.
The jewels we had taken were the best in the Lorillard collection,
and each one of the party made a good profit on the transaction. A
number of years after this event Mrs. Lorillard committed suicide,
which was induced by a spell of melancholy, brought on probably by
thoughts of her dead boy, whom she dearly loved.
I have already mentioned how Langdon W. Moore, the notorious
bank burglar, whose activities in New England made him more
feared throughout that section than any other criminal who ever
operated, once frustrated an attempt to rob a bank at Francetown,
New Hampshire, after having consented to participate in it, because
the bank was located near his own birthplace and he did not feel like
robbing his parents' old neighbors.
This man Langdon, like many other criminals of the same caliber,
made it a rule of his life never to use violence. Frequently he
abandoned a contemplated criminal enterprise upon which he had
spent months of hard work because he found that he could not carry
out his original plan without injuring a watchman or other person.
Of course, when hard pressed it was sometimes necessary for
Langdon to fight his way to liberty, in such cases he always made
reparation to the injured man as far as lay in his power. On one
occasion, when he had fractured the skull of an officer who had
sought to capture him, he caused $2,500 in cash to be sent to the
injured man.
Other criminals frequently exhibit similar noble qualities.
Loyalty to his comrades is another trait found in almost every
professional criminal. "Honor among thieves" is a phrase commonly
used, but few realize upon what a strong foundation it rests. I know
of innumerable instances where criminals risked their own liberty
and even their lives in order to assist a comrade in danger.
Mark Shinburn, the noted bank burglar, once displayed bravery and
loyalty of a character which is seldom excelled even on the
battlefield. He had participated with Eddie Quinn and a third bank
burglar in the robbery of a Western bank. Just as the three were
leaving the bank the watchman appeared upon the scene. There
was nothing to do but run. The watchman opened fire. Quinn
dropped. Without a moment's hesitation Shinburn stopped in his
flight, although the watchman was close upon them, and, lifting his
fallen comrade to his broad shoulders, continued his flight at
reduced speed.
Shinburn was a very powerful fellow and even with his wounded
comrade on his shoulders he was able to outrun the watchman. He
soon caught up with the third man of the party and they made for
the woods. When they lowered Quinn to the ground they found that
he was dying. The burglar had only a few minutes to live. Quinn was
conscious and begged his comrades to get a priest to administer the
last rites, realizing that his end was near.
The two men with him knew it was impossible to get a priest, but
they wanted to make the last moments of Quinn's life as happy as
possible. To leave the woods at this time, however, was to invite
capture, for the watchman had undoubtedly aroused the
neighborhood and the woods would naturally be the first place
searched for the fugitives. Nevertheless Shinburn decided to take a
chance and left the dying man to comply with his last wish. He knew
that it would be almost impossible to get a priest, but he broke into
a furnishing store on the outskirts of the woods and went back to his
dying comrade wearing a costume very much like that of a priest.
The approaching hand of death had dimmed the dying burglar's
sight and he had no suspicion that the "priest" was his big-hearted
comrade. In a slow, solemn tone Shinburn spoke words of
encouragement to his dying friend, and the unfortunate man passed
away, comforted by what he thought were the sacred words of a
priest.
But instances of noble deeds among criminals whose souls are
generally believed to be wholly black might be narrated without end.
These men and women who declare war against society only to find
that CRIME DOES NOT PAY are not without their redeeming
qualities.
Their evil deeds are published far and wide, but the good that they
do seldom comes to light.
SOPHIE LYONS.
 AN INTERVIEW WITH SOPHIE
LYONS
FORMER QUEEN OF CRIMINALS, WHO ANNOUNCES THAT
SHE WILL DEVOTE THE REST OF HER LIFE AND HER
FORTUNE OF $500,000 TO SAVING FIRST OFFENDERS.
Sophie Lyons has turned reformer.
With the mellowing influence of years, she is now 66, the erstwhile
queen of women criminals has decided that crime does not pay and
intends to devote her fortune and remaining days to saving others
from paths that have been hers.
Her new resolution, she says, probably will alienate her husband,
"Billy" Burke, who recently completed a prison term in Stockholm,
Sweden. "I want to accomplish his reformation more than I do any
other person's, no matter what the cost," she declared. "He is weak
and easily tempted, and his criminal operations were not induced by
necessity, as were mine. If my plans will help to make him a good
man I shall feel they are not in vain."
In her modest little home Mrs. Lyons-Burke, who for 40 years was
known intimately to the police of two continents and whose
acquaintance with the interior of jails and prisons is world-wide,
outlined to a representative her plans for the redemption of
criminals.
"I haven't a great many years to live and I am worth half a million
dollars," Mrs. Burke said. "I want to make amends as far as possible
for what I have done in the past. I have lived a straight life for 25
years, and have accumulated much property by legitimate means.
But there is something I crave more than money. Do you know what
that is? It is the respect of good people. Maybe I can get some of
this by showing that I am not all bad and that I am sincere in my
effort to help others."
Great tears coursed down Mrs. Burke's face as she told of recent
efforts to obtain the good-will and friendship of persons whose
respectability is unquestioned. One of these is a pastor of a Detroit
church, who, she said, had urged her to talk to his congregation on
the futility of a life of crime. She declined, feeling that she had no
right to intrude herself among church people.
In her scheme for the saving of criminals, Mrs. Burke said that she
intends to pay particular attention to first offenders and will exert
every effort to prevail upon them to return to a life of respectability.
"You know how hard it is for a man or woman to secure permanent
work after leaving prison? I am going to help some of these. They
will find a friend in Sophie Lyons."
Mrs. Burke said that she was considering an offer from a vaudeville
booking concern to give 20-minute talks from the stage. "Do you
think this would be a good idea?" she inquired eagerly. "I have had
the same proposition from a lyceum lecture bureau, but I believe I
can better reach those I want to reach in the theaters. If I decide to
go on the stage every cent of the money I get will go to carry out
my plans for reformation and to charity."
That she has an ambition to accomplish much good and to die poor,
was Mrs. Burke's declaration. "My children are grown and self-
supporting, and all my money and real estate will go to save
criminals and to other charities," she said. The Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Children was mentioned by Mrs. Burke as
being one of her favorite charities. "I am doing something for this
organization right along," she said, "and I expect to leave it a
substantial bequest."
 SOPHIE LYONS AIDS EVICTED
FAMILY
REFORMED CONFIDENCE WOMAN TAKES IN WHEELERS,
WHO LIVED IN TENT
VERSES IN JEWISH BIBLE INFLUENCE HER TO ACTION—
WANTS TO SHOW CHARITY
Mrs. Sophie Lyons-Burke was reading a Jewish prayer book in her
home at 42 Twenty-third Street yesterday afternoon. She had just
completed the following, which is a prayer for joyful occasions, when
she had a visitor:

"Thou, O God, hast always been gracious unto me and hast

often sent me joys even when I least deserved them. For all this
abundance of Thy goodness I humbly thank Thee, and for the
new happiness that comes to me (and my household) my soul is
filled with gratitude. Let me not grow overbearing in prosperity
nor arrogant because of my success, but let me enjoy Thy
blessings with becoming gratitude and humility. Nor let me ever
forget that the most acceptable thank-offering is to bring light
and joy to those that sit in darkness and affliction, and give
heed to the hungry and comfort the broken-hearted. May I, by
doing what is pleasing to Thee, continue to find grace and favor
in Thy sight."

Everybody knows Sophie Lyons. They know about her past and
about her present husband, who got into a Swedish prison through a
little affair over diamonds, causing Sophie to cross the sea to cheer
him up. They know of her utterance that a husband should be
allowed an affinity now and then to add to the zest of his life, but in
this instance she appears in a different light. Long ago she "squared
it" with the police. Now she is evidently trying to "square it" with a
higher authority. And this connects the prayer with the visitor.
The man who rapped on her door was A. H. Jones, inspector for the
city poor commission. He was weary and almost discouraged, having
been out since early morning looking for a home for the Wheelers.
The Wheelers, husband, wife and six children, had been evicted
from their residence at 92 Calahan Street Monday, the owner
desiring to sell and not to rent the place. From then on they lived in
a tent-like structure in a vacant lot alongside the house they had
inhabited.
"You own a cottage at 51 Twenty-third Street?" asked Mr. Jones.
"Yes," was the reply; "but it is rented, I guess. Anyway, a man has
agreed to take it."
Then followed the recital of the troubles of the Wheelers, the
attempts of the city agent to find shelter, the offer of $10 a month
for the barn and the failure because of the children.
Mrs. Burke thought for a moment. Then she smiled:
"See here what I was reading," she said. "'The most acceptable
thank-offering is to bring light and joy to that sit in darkness.' You
may put that family in that house. It has been remodeled, and is just
about new. It has seven rooms and a bathroom, and will be all right,
I guess. I will tell you why I am doing this.
"If I have all the world and have not charity I can never enter the
gates of heaven."
The Wheelers moved to-day. Their furniture was all arranged about
the tent, so there was no taking up of carpets or anything like that,
loading into a van being all that was necessary. If it rains to-night,
the man, incapacitated from work, won't lie awake and shiver and
wonder how long it will take the downpour to soak through his
shelter. He and his will be safe beneath a roof, a roof belonging to
Sophie Lyons-Burke.
 SOPHIE LYONS RETURNS
"CONFIDENCE QUEEN" ENDS HER TWENTIETH TOUR OF THE
WORLD
Sophie Lyons, once called the "cleverest crook in the world" and the
Confidence Queen, arrived recently in the first cabin of the French
liner La Lorraine, attired in the latest Parisian style of dress for an
elderly woman, several trunks and a jewel case that the customs
men made her open, unwilling to take her word that there was
nothing dutiable in it.
Sophie is worth a half million, she says, and she has been for the
last several years living "on the level" and looking over the world
from the viewpoint of one who has or believes she has a taste for
literature. Her trip on Lorraine was the end, she said, of her
twentieth tour of the world.
The customs men who insisted on the opening of the jewel case,
made fast by a padlock, were surprised to find nothing in it except a
Jewish prayer book. One of the prayers that Sophie had marked ran
thus:
"Thou, O Lord, hast always been gracious to me, and hast often sent
me joys when I did least deserve them. For all this abundance of
Thy goodness I humbly thank thee."
Sophie said she was a Jewess, despite her name, which is
supplemented legitimately by Burke, Christian name Billy, who is in a
Swedish prison. Sophie admitted yesterday that she was 65, but the
records give her a few more years. She looks younger. She said she
had spent the last seven months in leisurely circling the globe, and
that she was engaged in writing another book to be called "Crime
Queen," which would be in a measure autobiographical.
Sophie is the daughter of a Holland Jew named Van Elkan, she says,
and her grandfather was a rabbi.
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WHY CRIME DOES
NOT PAY ***

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