Scribd
Upload
162 views13 pages

Squares and Square Roots

The document explains the concepts of squares and square roots, including definitions, properties, and methods to find square roots of perfect squares using prime factorization and the division method. It provides examples of perfect squares, how to determine if a number is a perfect square, and various exercises related to finding square roots and perfect squares. Additionally, it discusses the characteristics of squares of even and odd numbers and the implications of decimal numbers in relation to squares and square roots.

Uploaded by

Hubert DMello
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
162 views13 pages

Squares and Square Roots

The document explains the concepts of squares and square roots, including definitions, properties, and methods to find square roots of perfect squares using prime factorization and the division method. It provides examples of perfect squares, how to determine if a number is a perfect square, and various exercises related to finding square roots and perfect squares. Additionally, it discusses the characteristics of squares of even and odd numbers and the implications of decimal numbers in relation to squares and square roots.

Uploaded by

Hubert DMello
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13
SQUARES AND SQUARE ROOTS 3.1] REVIEW 1. Square Ifa number is multiplied by itself, the product obtained is called the square of that number. eg. (i) Since5x5=25 -. 25's the square of 5 and we write (5)2 = 25 (li) 0.04 is the square of 0-2 as 0-2 x 0-2= 0.04; and soon. 2, Square root | The square root of a given number x is the number whose square is x €.g. square root of 36 is 6 as square of 6 is 36 i.e. 6? = 36. The symbol of square root is radical sign J Thus, square root of 64 = /64 = 8; square root of 1-44 = Vi-44 = 1.2 andsoon. The sign y is of the form of letter r, the first letter of the Latin word radix meaning a root. Note that : 1. > (4)? =-4x—-4 = 16 and 4x 4=16 + Square root of 16 can be taken as -4 or 4. But, in this chapter we shall be taking only positive square root of 16 Vi6 =4. Thus, square root of 16 = In the same way, square root of 81 = /81 =9 and soon. 2. Square root of a number (say x) can be written as x12, Thus, the square root of 25 = 25"? = 5, square root of 36 = 36'2 = 6 and so on. 1. 4?= 16 is also read as; 4 raised to the power 2 is 16. 2. Squares of even numbers are always even. eg. 2=2x2=4;6%=6 x6 = 36; 142= 14x 14= 196: and soon. 3. Squares of odd numbers are always odd. eg. 3°=3x3=9;7? = 49; 15%=225; andsoon. 4. Whether the number is negative or positive, its square is always positive. eg. (3)? = 3x 3=9, which is a positive number. (-3)? = -3 x -3 = 9, which is also a positive number. Similarly, (-5)? = 25 and (5)? = 25, (-8)? = 64 and 8? = 64, 5. Since the square of every number is positive, the square root of a positive number can be obtained, but the square root of a negative number is not possible. 3.2 | PERFECT SQUARE A pumber whose exact square root can be obtained is called a perfect square, e.g. 16, 49, 1.21, Fa » ele. are perfect squares as J16 = 4, 49 =7, JT21 = 141, = gta Vie = 4 andsoon Squares and Square Roots AS ae ee) To find out whether a given number is a perfect square or not, express the number as a product of its prime factors. If the number is a perfect square, you would be able to group alll the factors in pairs in such a way that both the factors in each pair are equal. Example 1: Is 196 a perfect square ? Solution : 196 =2x 2x 7x7 = 2x2 x 7x7 The prime factors of 196 can be grouped in pairs; 196 is a perfect square. (Ans.) Example 2 : Is 180 a perfect square ? Solution : 180 =2x2x3x3x5= 2x2 x 3x3x5 Since all the prime factors of 180 cannot be grouped in pairs, [One factor (ie. 5) is left) +. 180 is not a perfect square. (Ans.) Every natural number is not a perfect square. Similarly, every whole number and every integer is also not a perfect square. 3.3] TO FIND THE SQUARE ROOT OF A PERFECT SQUARE NUMBER (Using Prime Factor Method) Example 3 : Find the square root of 484. Solution : Square root of 484 = 484 Steps: 1. Resolve the number into prime factors: = J2x2x11x11 2.Make pairs such that both the factors in each pair are equal: = /(2x2)x (11x11) 3 Take one factor from each pair: = 2x 11 4. The product is the square root of 484 = 2 x 11 = 22 (Ans.) Example 4: Find the smallest number by which 980 be multiplied so that the product is a perfect square. Solution : 980 = 2x2 x5 x 7x7 Since the prime factor 5 is not in pair, :. The given number should be multiplied by 5. (Ans.) 980 x5 = 2x2 x 5x5x 7x7, - /980x5 =2x5x7=70 Example 5 : Find the smallest number by which 3150 be divided, so that the quotient is a perfect square. Concise MATHEMATICS Middle School — 8 Solution : 3150 =2x 5x5 x 3x3 x7 Since the prime factors 2 and 7 cannot be paired, :. The given number should be divided by 2 x 7 (Ans.) Example 6 : Find the square root of; (i) ae (i) 4-44 lution : PS |e 25h M25 tens, 2 i uare root of 2> = ,/2— = [/— =~ == =15 (Ans.] () Sq 9-75 “V9 cae ans) us he Square root of quare root of a fraction = “ and 120=2x2x2x3x5 To make it a perfect square, it must be multiplied with 2 x 3 x 5. +. Required perfect square number = 120 x 2x 3x 5 = 3600 (Ans.) 1. Multiple Choice Type : (v) The smallest natural number which on — Choose the correct answer from the options multiplying with 48 gives a perfect square given below. number is : (i) The square of -B is : (a) 12 () 3 ue 1 eee CO © ~ (d) none of the above (© -64 (a) 64 5 (v) The smallest natural number by which (i) —J18-V14=7 is equal to should 175 be divided to get a perfect aa es square number is : oe azo @)5 ()7 , © 15 (d) none of the above (iil) Square root of 2-50 x 10° is : a ne fo) aes 2. Find the square of ,, (©) 50 (d) none of the above Ee cue es (Ge) concise MATHEMATICS ‘Middle School — 8 3. By splitting into prime factors, find the square root of : () 11025 (il) 396900 (ii) 194481 4. (i) Find the smallest number by which 2592 be multiplied so that the product is a perfect square. (ii) Find the smallest number by which 12748 be multiplied so that the product is a perfect square, 5. Find the smallest number by which 10368 be divided so that the result is a perfect square. Also, find the square root of the resulting number. 6. Find the square root of 1 Bs oot () 01764 (il) 9655 7. Evaluate : 0 Ves 25 13 ST I viaoits sigce oe p eT a7. Me fee yo Bytes Stas Pgs: 8. Evaluate : ) ¥3? x 68 x24 (i) Y0-5)? x 6 x35 0-169 16 (ili) 0-0169 (i) 0-225 289 (ii) (s+221) x 7 y (v) s(28 ES al ©) 248 + (52+ 14a 8. Aman, after a tour, finds that he had spent every day as many rupees as the number of days he had been on tour. How long did his tour last, if he had spent in all € 1,296? 10. Out of 745 students, maximum are to be arranged in the school field for a P.T. display, such that the number of rows is equal to the number of columns. Find the number of rows if 16 students were left out after the arrangement. 11. 13 and 31 is a strange pair of numbers such that their squares 169 and 961 are also mirror images of each other. Find two more such pairs, 12. Find the smallest perfect square divisible by 3, 4, 5 and 6. L.C.M. of 3, 4, 5 and 6 = 60. Also, 60 = 2x 2x5 x 3 in which 5 and 3 are not in pairs, So, 60 should be multiplied by 5 x 3 to get a perfect square number. The required least square number =60x5x 3=900 Ans. 13. If 784 = 28, find the value of : () ¥7-84 + /78400 (i) 00784. + Jo-000784 3.4 | TO FIND THE SQUARE ROOT OF A PERFECT SQUARE NUMBER (Using Division Method) Example 11 : Find the square root of 276676. Solution : Steps : 1. Group the digits of the given number in pairs starting from right to left, thus 276676 = 27 66 76. Take the first pair (i.e. 27) and find the largest whole number which when multiplied by itself gives 27 or just less than 27. Such a number is 5. Write 5 in the quotient and also in the divisor. 2. Subtract 5 x 5 = 25 from 27 (the first pair). The remainder is 2. ‘Squares and Square Roots en et ee 3. Bring down the second pair of digits (ie. 66). Double the quotient (i.e. 5) and write the result (5x 2=10) 5 on the left of 266. Put the largest possible digit on the right of 10, such 102 that the product of this largest digit with the new number obtained does not exceed 266. Such a digit is 2 1046 as 102 x 2 = 204. Write 2 in the quotient also. 4, Subtract 102 x 2 = 204 from 266. The remainder is 62. Bring down the next pair of digits (i.e. 76), double the previous quotient (ie. 52) and proceed as in (3). 5.2 6. 27 66 76 (stop 1) 25 (Step 2) 266 (Step 3) 204 6276 (stop 4) 6276 x -. ¥276676 =526 (Ans.) Example 12 : Using the division method find the square root of : (i) 4489 (ii) 46656 Solution : (i i a7 (ii) 216 6 | 4489 2 | 46656 36 4 127] 889 41) x 66 889 44 x 426| 2556 25 56 [exe 4489 = 67 (Ans.) V46656 = 216 (Ans.) Example 13 : Using the division method, find the square root of : (i) 605-16 (ii) 0.000729 Solution : In the mixed decimal numbers, starting from the decimal point, group the integral part from right to left and decimal part from lett to right. Thus, 605-16 = 605.16 and 0.000729 = 0.000729 Now, proceed exactly in the same way as explained above. Just remember to put a decimal in the quotient as the decimal point in the dividend is crossed ) 44 486 2446 605-16 4 205 176 2916 2916 = . ¥605-16 = 24-6 (Ans.) (ii) 00.27 0-00 07 29 4 47 329 329 x no 0-000729 = 0-027 (Ans.) (a concise MATHEMATICS Middle School —~ 8 Examine the following results : (0-7)? = 0-49 o V0-49 = 0.7 (0-03)? = 0-0009 = V0-0009 = 0-03 (3-2)? = 10-24 : V10-24 = 3.2 (0-015)? = 0.000225 «. ¥0-000225 = 0-015 It is clear from these results that the square of any decimal number contains even number of decimal places and that the number of decimal places in the square is double the number of decimal places in the square root, Hence, a decimal number (or a mixed decimal number) can be a perfect square only when it has an even number of digits in its decimal part. 3.5 | TO FIND THE SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER WHICH IS NOT A PERFECT SQUARE (Using Division Method) Example 14: Find the square root of 24-729 correct to two places of decimal. Solution : When the square root required is correct to two places of decimal, we shall find the square root up to three places of decimal and then round it off upto two places of decimal. Similarly, if the square root required is correct to three places of decimal, find the square root up to four places and then round it off upto three-places; and so on. In order to find the square root upto three places of decimal, we must have three pairs of digits after the decimal. For this purpose, 24-729 = 24-7290 00 (Addition of any number of zeroes on the right of a decimal fraction does not change its value) 408-7 2 4 | 24-729000 16 89 872 801 987 71:90 69 09 9942 281 00 198 84 82 16 24-729 = 4.972 upto three places of decimal = 4-97 correct to two places of decimal (Ans.) Example.15 : Find the square root of : (i) 3, correct to three places of decimal. (ii) 0.07688, correct to two places of decimal. Squares and Square Roots ac: Solution : () 3=3-00000000 | (ii) 0-07688 = 0.076880 1:73 20 i 0277 1 | 300000000 2 | 0-076880 1 | 4 27 | 200 | 47| 368 189 | 3.29 343] 1100 | 547 39 80 10 29 | 38 29 3462 71.00 | 151 69 24 34640 17600 i V3 = 1-7320 «. (007688 = 0.277 =1:732 Ans.) | = 0-28 (Ans.) Example 16 : Find the least number that must be subtracted from 2483 so that the remainder is. a perfect square. . Solution : pe 4 | 2433, 16 89 | 833 Clearly, if 32 is subtracted from 2433, 801 the remainder will be a perfect square. 32 (Ans.) Since, 2433 - 32 = 2401 and, 42401 = 49 Example 17 : Find the least number which must be added to 18,265 to obtain a perfect square. Solution : 135 1/162 6 23] 92 Clearly, 18265 Is greater than 1352. 69 +. On adding the required number to 265 | 1365 18265, we shall be getting 1362 13 25 ie. 18496 40 Hence, the required number = 18496 - 18265 = 231 (Ans.) (46) concise MATHEMATICS Middle School — 8 Important : Since, 49? < 2433 < 502, = The least number that must be subtracted from 2433 to make the resulting number a Perfect square = 2433 — 49? = 2433 — 2401 = 32 And, the least number that must be added to 2433 to make the resulting number a Perfect square = 50? - 2433 = 2500 - 2433 = 64. In the same way, 135? < 18265 < 1362 = Subtract 18265 - 135? = 18265 — 18225 = 40 from 18265 to make the resuting number a perfect square And, add 136? - 18265 = 18496 - 18265 = 231 to 18265 to make the resulting number a perfect square . Multiple Choice Type : (ill) 82-6 correct to two places of decimal. Choose the correct answer from the options (iv) 0-065 correct to three places of decimal. given below. (v) 5-205 correct to two places of decimal, ge te tenc o oo 6 (vi) 0.602 correct to two places of decimal ‘ i 5. Find the square root of each of the following (a) 1.12 (b) 4.48 correct to two decimal places : () 224x4 (d) none of the above () ag (i) ca (i) It (27-8 = 527, the value of J2780 is aes W 82 0876 (a) 527 (b) 527 = eer (d) none of the above | © For each of the following, find the least number that must be subtracted so that the resulting (iii) nis the least natural number that must be ue aloes! petra unter i! number is a perfect square eno 2a bo that the resulting number (i) 796 (i) 1886 (iii) 28497 is a perfect square, the value of nis : fa? 2 7. For each of the following, find the least number that must be added so that the resulting oe (a) -7 number is a perfect square (iv) nis the least natural number that must be i subtracted from 23 so that the resulting sei (i) 7172 (il) 55078 number is a perfect square, the value of n | 8. Find the square root of 7 correct to two decimal is: places; then use it to find the value of 7 b) 2 [4+ v7 & i: q 4 ES a correct to three significant digits. 2. Find the square root of : rae anerlaeee (@) 4761 (i) 744 Gil) 18129 tay = Ve is sta (iv) 0-2916 (v) 0001225 ae ay (vi) 0.023104 (vii) 27-3529 - [eae _ 47 3. Find the square root of : \ 16-7 3 () 42025 (il) 531-7636 (iil) 0.007225 4. Find the square root of (i) 245 correct to two places of decimal. (ii) 496 correct to three places of decimal. 9. Find the value of 5 correct to 2 decimal places; then use it to find the square root of 3-V5 i 34 Ys COttect to 2 significant digits. ‘Squares and Square i alae 10. Find the square root of 1764 _. 507 3e09 © ai07 (ii) 1082028 (iv) 0-014 Jo.0064 11. Find the square root of 7-832 correct to (i) 2 decimal places (ii) 2 significant digits. ind the least number which must be uubtracted from 1205 so that the resulting number is a perfect square. By division method, find the square root of 1205 > V1205 =34-713...... . Required number to be subtracted = 1205~-342=49 Ans.) 13. Find the least number which must be added to 1208 so that the resulting number is a perfect square. As done above, 1205 = 34-718...... Required number to be added = 35? — 1205 = 20 (Ans.) Find the least number which must be subtracted from 2037 so that the resulting ‘number is a perfect square. 15. Find the least number which must be added to 5483 so that the resulting number is a perfect square, PROPERTIES OF SQUARE NUMBERS 18*Property : ~The ending digit (Le. the digit in units place) of the square of a number is 0,1,4,5,6 or 9. For example : () 112 = 121 (ii) 22% = 484 (ill) 53*= 2809 (iv) 302 = 900 (v) 42=16 (vi) 25°= 625 (vii) 462= 2116 (vill) 372= 1369 (ix) 68? = 4624 (x) 192 = 361 204 Property : ~ Anumber having 2, 3, 7 or 8 in its unit's place is never a perfect square. For example : None of the following numbers is a perfect square. () 12, 22, 32, 42, (li) 13, 23, 33, 43, il) 17, 27, 37, 47, ... (iv) 18, 28, 38, 48, 3'¥Property : ~ _.. (fa number has 1 or 9 in its unit's place, then square of this number always has 4 (one) at its unit place : For example : (i) Square of 1=1 (i) 112 = 121 961 (iv) 9? =81 (v) 29? = 841 401; and soon. 4! Property : : 'f the digit at the unit's place of a number is 4 or.6, then its square will always have 6 at its unit's place For example : () 42=16 (i) 6 =36 (ii) 242 = 576 (iv) 36? = 1296 (v) 842 = 7056 (vi) 962=9216: andsoon. a er ee 5!" Property : ft anumber ends with n zeroes, its square ends with 2n zeroes. For example : (i) Square of 30 = 900 (ii) Square of 800 = 90000 and so on. The number of zeroes at the end of a square number is always even. That is a number ending in an odd number of zeroes can never be a perfect square. Thus, each of 40, 360, 49000, 2500000, etc. can not be a perfect square. 6 Property : \ A perfect square number leaves remainder 0 or 1 on dividing it by 3. For example : (i) 9 is a perfect square number and on dividing it by 3, the remainder is 0. (ii) 16 is a perfect square number and on dividing it by 3, the remainder is 1. When each of perfect square numbers 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, ... remainder is either 0 or 1 . is divided by 3, the 7'n Praperty : For any natural number n, (n+1)? =n? (n+1)4+n For example : (i) 8?-72=8+7=15 (i) 152-142 =154+14=29 Zt (iii) 355-34? = 35 +34=69; andsoon 1. The sum of first n odd natural numbers = n?, = (i) 1+3 = sum of first 2 odd natural numbers = 2? = 4 (i) 14345 +7+9 = sum of first 5 odd natural numbers = 5? = 25 (ii) 1434+5+74+9+. +19 = sum of first 10 odd natural numbers = 10? = 100 2. For any three natural numbers p, q and r : ifp?+q2=r? or p2+12=¢2 or a2 4 r2=p2: the numbers p, q and r are known as Pythagorean triplets. For example : (i) Natural numbers 3, 4 and 5 are Pythagorean triplets as 3% + 42 = 52, (i) 5? +12? = 13? = 5, 12 and 13 are Pythagorean triplets. Squares and Square Roots 1. Multiple Choice Type : Choose the correct answer from the options given below. (i) The value of 182 ~ 172 is : (1 (b) 41 (©) 35 (d) none of the above (li) The sum of first four odd natural numbers is: (a) 28 (b) 2 (c) 48 (d) 44 (iii) 24? has n at its unit place, the value of nis: (a4 (b) 16 (©) 576 (d)6 (iv) A number ends with 5 zeros, the number of zeros in its square will be @5 (b) 25 (©) 10 (ys 2. Seeing the value of the digit at unit's place, state which of the following can be square of a number ? @ 3051 (ii) 2332 (ili) 5684 (iv) 6908 (v) 50699 8. Squares of which of the following numbers will have 1(one) at their unit's place ? @) 57 (i) 81 (iil) 139 (vy) 73 (v) 64 4. Which of the following numbers will not have {(one) at their unit's place ? (i) 322 (ii) 57? (iv) 3212 (y) 2652 5. Squares of which of the following numbers will not have 6 at their unit's place ? (il) 692 () 35 (ii) 23 (vy) 76 (vy) 98 6. Which of the following numbers will have 6 at their unit's place : (@ 26 (li) 492 (iv) 432 (w) 2442 7. If a number ends with 3 zeroes, how many zeroes will its square have ? 8. Ifthe square of a number ends with 10 zeroes, how many zeroes will the number have 7 9, Is it possible for the square of a number to end with 5 zeroes ? Give reason. 10. Give reason to show that none of the numbers given below is a perfect square. () 2162 (i) 6848 (iii) 9637 (iv) 6598 11, State, whether the square of the following numbers is even or odd ? @ 23 (i) 54 (ii) 76 (iv) 75. 12. Give reason to show that none of the numbers 640, 81000 and 3600000 is a perfect square. 1, Evaluate : () 372-362 (ii) 101? = 1002 14. Without doing the actual addition, find the sum of () 14345474+9411413415+17419 +21423 (i) 1494547494 (ii) 1434+547+94. 15. Write three sets of Pythagorean triplets such that each set has numbers less than 30. (i) 64 (ili), 342 (i) 85? - 84? 1. Multiple Choice Type : Choose the correct answer from the options given below. (i) A Pythagorian triplet has one number equal to 6. The Pythagorian triplet are ; (@) 5,6,7 (b) 6,7,8 (©) 4,68 (@) 6,8, 10 (ii) The number of digits in the square root of 1210000 is : @2 (b) 4 ©3 (a) 5 (ii), The greatest 3-digit pertect square number is: (a) 121 (b) 961 (0) 100 (d) 900 (iv) The area of a square plot is 441 m?. Its perimeter is : (a) 84 m? (b) 84m () 21m (@) 21m? Concise MATHEMATICS Middle School — 8 2. Express 21? as the sum of two consecutive whole numbers. 86 8. Find the square root of 10> by prime factorisation method. 4. Is 336 a perfect square ? If not, find the smallest multiple of 386 which is a perfect square. 5. Find the least number that must be subtracted from 980 so as to get a perfect square. Also, find the square root of the perfect number obtained, 6. Find the smallest and the greatest 4-digit numbers, each of which is a perfect square. 10, Because 1849 = 43, find the value of : () Y0-1849 + 18.49 (i) 184900 -4x1 The product of two numbers is 256. If one number is four times the other, find the numbers. The area of a square plot is 2116 m?. A man takes 5 rounds of the boundary of this plot, find the distance covered by him. Find the smallest square number which is divisible by 6, 9 and 15, ‘Squares and Square Roots SB rr)

You might also like