Topic Test: OxfordAQA Name: ________________________
International GCSE Combined
Science Chemistry 9204 Class: ________________________
Energy changes Date: ________________________
Time: 47 minutes
Marks: 47 marks
Comments:
Oxford International AQA Examinations Page 1 of 19
Energy is released by burning fuels.
1
(a) The bar chart shows the energy in kilojoules, kJ, released by burning 1 g of five different
fuels.
(i) Which fuel releases least energy by burning 1 g?
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) How much energy is released by burning 1 g of coal?
Energy = _________________________kJ
(1)
(iii) Calculate the mass of petrol that will release the same amount of energy as 1 g of
hydrogen.
Use information from the bar chart to help you.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Mass = __________________ g
(1)
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(b) Coal burns in oxygen and produces the gases shown in the table.
Name Formula
Carbon dioxide CO2
Water vapour H 2O
Sulfur dioxide SO2
Use information from the table to name one element that is in coal.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(c) Hydrogen can be made from fossil fuels.
Hydrogen burns rapidly in oxygen to produce water only.
A lighthouse uses electricity generated by burning hydrogen.
Suggest two advantages of using hydrogen as a fuel.
Use information from the bar chart and the diagram above to help you.
1. _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Oxford International AQA Examinations Page 3 of 19
V2 rockets were used during the Second World War.
2
By aronsson [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Flickr
V2 rockets were powered by liquid oxygen and ethanol. Oxygen and ethanol react to produce
carbon dioxide and water.
The energy level diagram represents the energy changes during this reaction.
(a) On the energy level diagram what is represented by the letter:
A _________________________________________________________________
B _________________________________________________________________
Oxford International AQA Examinations Page 4 of 19
C _________________________________________________________________
(3)
(b) What type of reaction is represented by this energy level diagram?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
A student investigated displacement reactions of metals.
3
The student added different metals to copper sulfate solution and measured the temperature
change.
The more reactive the metal is compared with copper, the bigger the temperature change.
The apparatus the student used is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1
(a) State three variables that the student must control to make his investigation a fair test.
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________
(3)
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(b) Figure 2 shows the thermometer in one experiment before and after the student added a
metal to the copper sulfate solution.
Figure 2
Before adding metal After adding metal
Use Figure 2 to complete Table 1.
Table 1
Temperature before adding metal in °C ________
Temperature after adding metal in °C ________
Change in temperature in °C ________
(3)
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(c) The student repeated the experiment three times with each metal.
Table 2 shows the mean temperature change for each metal.
Table 2
Mean
Metal temperature
change in °C
Cobalt 4.5
Gold 0.0
Magnesium 10.0
Nickel 3.0
Silver 0.0
Tin 1.5
(i) On Figure 3, draw a bar chart to show the results.
Figure 3
(3)
(ii) Why is a line graph not a suitable way of showing the results?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
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(iii) Use the results to work out which metal is the most reactive.
Give a reason for your answer.
Most reactive metal _________________________
Reason _______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(iv) Explain why there was no temperature change when silver metal was added to the
copper sulfate solution.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(v) It is not possible to put all six metals in order of reactivity using these results.
Suggest how you could change the experiment to be able to put all six metals into
order of reactivity.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 16 marks)
Oxford International AQA Examinations Page 8 of 19
Read the information about energy changes and then answer the questions.
4
A student did an experiment to find the energy change when hydrochloric acid reacts with
sodium hydroxide.
The equation which represents the reaction is:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
The student used the apparatus shown in the diagram.
The student placed 50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid in a glass beaker and measured the initial
temperature.
The student then quickly added 50 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution and stirred the mixture with
the thermometer. The highest temperature was recorded.
The student repeated the experiment, and calculated the temperature change each time.
Experiment Experiment Experiment Experiment
1 2 3 4
Initial temperature 19.0 22.0 19.2 19.0
in °C
Highest temperature 26.2 29.0 26.0 23.5
in °C
Temperature 7.2 7.0 6.8 4.5
change in °C
(a) The biggest error in this experiment is heat loss.
Suggest how the apparatus could be modified to reduce heat loss.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) Suggest why it is important to mix the chemicals thoroughly.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
Oxford International AQA Examinations Page 9 of 19
(c) Which one of these experiments was probably done on a different day to the others?
Give a reason for your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(d) Suggest why experiment 4 should not be used to calculate the average temperature
change.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(e) Calculate the average temperature change from the first three experiments.
___________________________________________________________________
Answer = _________________________ °C
(1)
(f) Use the following equation to calculate the energy change for this reaction.
Energy change in joules = 100 × 4.2 × average temperature change
___________________________________________________________________
Answer = _________________________ J
(1)
(g) Which one of these energy level diagrams represents the energy change for this
reaction?
Give a reason for your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Oxford International AQA Examinations Page 10 of 19
The equation for the reaction of ethene and bromine is:
5
C2H4(g) + Br2(l) C2H4Br2(l)
The reaction is exothermic.
(a) Complete the energy level diagram.
You should label:
• the activation energy
• the enthalpy change (∆H).
(3)
(b) (i) The equation for the reaction can be represented as:
Bond Bond dissociation energy
in kJ per mole
C—H 413
C═C 614
Br—Br 193
C—C 348
C—Br 276
Oxford International AQA Examinations Page 11 of 19
Use the bond dissociation energies in the table to calculate the enthalpy change (∆H)
for this reaction.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Enthalpy change (∆H) = ________ kJ per mole
(3)
(ii) The reaction is exothermic.
Explain why, in terms of bonds broken and bonds formed.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
Oxford International AQA Examinations Page 12 of 19
Methanol (CH3OH) can be made by reacting methane (CH4) and oxygen (O2).
6 The reaction is exothermic.
The equation for the reaction is:
(a) The energy level diagram for this reaction is given below.
(i) How does the diagram show that this reaction is exothermic?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) A platinum catalyst can be used to increase the rate of this reaction.
What effect does adding a catalyst have on the energy level diagram?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
Oxford International AQA Examinations Page 13 of 19
(b) The equation can also be written showing the structural formulae of the reactants and the
product.
(i) Use the bond energies given in the table to help you to calculate the energy change
for this reaction.
Bond Bond energy in kJ
435
497
336
464
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Energy change = ____________________ kJ
(3)
(iii) In terms of the bond energies, why is this an exothermic reaction?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Oxford International AQA Examinations Page 14 of 19
Mark schemes
(a) (i) wood
1 1
(ii) 30 (kJ)
1
(iii) 3 / three (g)
1
(b) carbon / C
or hydrogen / H
or sulfur / S
allow oxygen / O
1
(c) releases most energy
accept releases a lot of energy / burns rapidly
ignore references to cost
1
no harmful gases / no or less pollution formed / no global warming / no climate
change / no greenhouse gas
accept produces water (only) / steam
accept does not produce sulfur dioxide / carbon dioxide / carbon
monoxide / particles / smoke
1
[6]
(a) A = energy / enthalpy change / difference
2
allow heat change or ∆H
allow energy released
1
B = activation energy / EA
allow definition of activation energy
1
C = carbon dioxide and water
accept products
1
(b) exothermic
allow combustion / redox / oxidation
ignore reduction / burning
1
[4]
Oxford International AQA Examinations Page 15 of 19
(a) any three from:
3
• concentration of (salt) solution
• volume of (salt) solution
ignore amount of solution
• initial temperature (of the solution)
ignore room temperature
• surface area / form of metal
• moles of metal
allow mass / amount
ignore time
ignore size of tube
3
(b) 20
1
32
1
12
allow ecf
1
(c) (i) four bars of correct height
tolerance is + / - half square
3 correct for 1 mark
2
bars labelled
1
(ii) one variable is non-continuous / categoric
accept qualitative or discrete
accept no values between the metals
1
(iii) magnesium
1
because biggest temperature change
accept gives out most energy
ignore rate of reaction
dependent on first mark
1
(iv) does not react / silver cannot displace copper
1
because silver not more reactive (than copper) or silver below copper in
reactivity series
do not accept silver is less reactive than copper sulfate
1
Oxford International AQA Examinations Page 16 of 19
(v) replace the copper sulfate
could be implied
1
with any compound of a named metal less reactive than copper
allow students to score even if use an insoluble salt
1
[16]
(a) eg plastic (beaker) / insulation / lid / cover or any mention of enclosed
4
any sensible modification to reduce heat loss
ignore prevent draughts
ignore references to gas loss
ignore bomb calorimeter
1
(b) all the substances react or all (the substances) react fully / completely or heat
evolved quickly or distribute heat
‘so they react’ is insufficient for the mark
accept increase chances of (successful) collisions / collision rate
increase
do not accept rate of reaction increase / make reaction faster
1
(c) experiment 2 and
different / higher / initial / starting temperature
accept experiment 2 and the room is hotter / at higher temperature
do not accept temperature change / results higher
1
(d) temperature change does not fit pattern
accept anomalous / odd or it is the lowest or it is lower than the
others or it is different to the others
‘results are different’ is insufficient
1
(e) 7 / 7.0
1
(f) (100 × 4.2 × 7) = 2940
ecf from (e)
1
(g) diagram A and
reaction exothermic / heat evolved / Δ H is negative / temperature rises
accept energy is lost (to the surroundings)
accept energy of products lower than reactants
allow arrow goes downwards
1
[7]
Oxford International AQA Examinations Page 17 of 19
(a) products are at a lower energy level than reactants
5
if candidate has drawn a profile for an endothermic reaction
penalise first marking point only
1
activation energy correctly drawn and labelled
1
ΔH correctly labelled
1
(b) (i) –93 (kJ per mole)
correct answer with or without working gains 3 marks
allow 2 marks for +93 kJ per mole
if any other answer is seen award up to 2 marks for any two of the
steps below:
bonds broken (614 + 193) = 807 (kJ) or (614 + 193 + (4 × 413)) =
2459(kJ)
bonds formed (348 + 276 + 276) = 900(kJ) or 348 + (2 × 276) + (4 ×
413) = 2552(kJ)
bonds broken – bonds formed
allow ecf for arithmetical errors
3
(ii) more energy is released when the bonds (in the products) are formed
1
than is needed to break the bonds (in the reactants)
if no other marks gained, allow 1 mark for energy released for bond
making and energy used for bond breaking
1
[8]
(a) (i) energy / heat of products less than energy of reactants
6
allow converse
allow products are lower than reactants
allow more energy / heat given out than taken in
allow methanol is lower
allow energy / heat is given out / lost
allow ΔH is negative
1
(ii) lowers / less activation energy
allow lowers energy needed for reaction
or it lowers the peak/ maximum
do not allow just ‘lowers the energy’
1
(b) (i) (8 × 435) + 497 = 3977
accept: bonds broken: (2 × 435) + 497 = 1367
1
Oxford International AQA Examinations Page 18 of 19
(6 × 435) + (2 × 336) + (2 × 464) = 4210
bonds made: (2 × 336) + (2 × 464) = 1600
1
3977 – 4210 = (–) 233
energy change:
1367 – 1600 = (–) 233
ignore sign
allow ecf
correct answer (233) = 3 marks with or without working
1
(ii) energy released forming (new) bonds is greater than energy needed to break
(existing) bonds
allow converse
do not accept energy needed to form (new) bonds greater than
energy needed to break (existing) bonds
1
[6]
Oxford International AQA Examinations Page 19 of 19
