CLASS YEAR 8

SUBJECT: NIGERIAN STUDIES

DATE:

TOPIC: GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL STUDIES

AIM: EXPLAIN THE OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL STUDIES

Objectives are goals an individual or group aims at to get the very best of
their performance. Some of the general objectives of social studies include
the following:

1. Critical thinking. Social studies teach students about history and

enables them understand how society has evolved. It also helps students
develop an ability to think critically about societal issues and learn how to
address them based on their understanding of social values.

2. Social understanding: It allows students to develop an understanding of

society and the human condition

3. Integrating Ideas: Social studies involve a number of subjects including

History, Geography and Economics. Students learn how to integrate ideas
from different disciplines to come up with reasonable decisions so that they
are better able to identify problems affecting the society

Other objectives of social studies include:

1. Social studies educate students on becoming patriotic and responsible

citizens
2. Social studies teaches us our roles and responsibilities in the environment
we find ourselves

3. It helps us develop critical thinking abilities.

4. Social studies prepare us to participate competently and productively as a

concerned citizen and teach us to address societal and global concerns using
literature, technology and other identifiable community resources.

Generally, Social Studies educate students on citizenship, providing them

with the knowledge, skills and attitude that will help them become
responsible citizens.

DATE

TOPIC: Sexual Abuse

AIM: explain the meaning of sexual abuse and what to do when

sexually abused

Meaning of sexual abuse: Sexual abuse or sex abuse, also referred to as

molestation, is abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another. It is
often perpetrated using force or by taking advantage of another. Sexual
abuse can happen to men, women teenagers and even children. Sexual
abuse includes: Rape; Incest; Sexual harassment Etc.

What to do when sexually abused

1. Speak out; do not keep it to yourself when sexually abused as this would
cause emotional imbalance.

2. Confide in a good counselor particularly the school counselor, your parent

or your spiritual guardian i.e. your pastor.

3. Go for a medical check-up and take medical treatment if treatment is

needed.

Date:

Topic: Drug abuse

Aim: explain the meaning of drug abuse; its forms and
consequenses.

Drug abuse: Drug abuse is the abnormal intake of drug or any other
substances. It can also be described as the illegal or wrong use of drugs and
other Substances

Forms of drug abuse

1. Usage of drug not prescribed by doctors

2. Using overdose of prescribed drugs

3. Intake of hard drugs like marijuana heroin, cocaine and many others

4. Frequent intake of alcohol kola-nut, coffee, analgesic tablets etc

5. Habitual, intake of drug even when it is unnecessary

6. Dependence on sleep inducing drugs

CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE

1. Bad company: close contact with those who take Indian hemp, cocaine
may negatively influence someone to start the bad hobbit.

2. Need to suspend psychological problems. Some feel the best way to

forget or suppress their sorrow, anxiety, frustration and sadness is to drink
heavily, smoke cigarette or take any hard drug.

3. Need to exhibit negative behaviour or face people. Some people

believe that drug intake helps them to be bold enough to face difficult people
and situations.

4. Easy access to drugs: those who have essay assess to cigarette, Indian
hemp and other hard drugs are susceptible to drug abuse.

5. Need to keep awake. Some people go into drugs abuse because of the
need to keep awake during the day or night. Students preparing for
examinations are fond of taking kola-nut excessively to read all though the
night.
6. Poverty: Those who are not financially alright prefer self medicating to
visiting hospital to consult medical doctor.

Effects and consequences of drug abuse

1. Mental disorder

2. Death

3. Broken home

4. Loss of jobs

5. Abnormal behaviour

Effects of drug abuse on the family and society

1. Road accident: Many road accidents occur when individuals are drunk
and are under the influence of drugs.

2. Failure in family responsibility: Drug addicts most times fail in

carrying out their responsibilities in the family, especially financial
responsibilities because they would have diverted all their money into buying
drugs thereby neglecting their responsibilities at home

Solution to drug abuse

Drug abuse can be prevented in the following ways

1. The school curriculum: The inclusion of the topic in primary and post
primary curriculum is a good decision on part of the government. It
sensitizes the school children on what drug abuse is and its effects on their
future.

2. Family awareness: Through mass Media parents have more information

about drug abuse and its effects. Parents will in turn educate their children
and advice them against it.

3. Public enlightenment programmes on drug abuse: Government

should intensity efforts at educating parents and youths about effects of
drug abuse. Children in public and private schools should be visited while the
adults (Parents) are reached through hand bills, posters, bill boards,
electronic media programmes etc.

4. Schools: The school authority should from time to time educate their
students on the subject of drug abuse; special talk should be organized
where experts are invited to educate the student too.

Date:

Topic: Drug trafficking

Aim: explain the meaning of drug trafficking; its prevention and

consequences.

Drug trafficking refers to the illegal act of carrying or transporting hard drugs
like cocaine, heroin, Indian hemp etc within or outside the country.

Reasons for drug trafficking

1. Unemployment

2. Bad company

3. Poverty

4. Greed

5. Ignorance

Consequence of drug trafficking

1. Life imprisonment: Those caught and convicted will have a life jail term.

2. Dents the Nations image: Nations whose citizens are known for drug
trafficking are always avoided. Today many Nigerians face a lot of
embarrassment when they travel abroad because drug barons have dented
our image.

3. Increase in crime rate: Most of those who take hard drugs always
engage in crimes like armed robbery, murder, prostitution and other social
vices.
4. Brings shame to the family: Those caught in drug trafficking always
brings disgrace and shame to their family. People in the community will
avoid them.

5. Untimely death: People who carry hard drugs by swallowing them

sometimes lose their lives.

Prevention of drug trafficking

1. Educating: Children in primary and secondary schools should be expose

to basic fact about drug trafficking. This removes ignorance and tendency to
be hired into the act by drug barons.

2. Provision of more jobs: Government should initiate policy that will lead
to job creation.

3. Poverty alleviation programme: The government should rigorously

pursue poverty alleviation programmes. More skill acquisition centers should
be established so that more youth can learn skills that can earn them income
legally.

4. Support for law enforcement: Government should give more support to

NDLEA, police and other agencies fighting drug trafficking in Nigeria. More
funds should be provided and necessary laws should be made to ease their
job.

Assignment

1. What do you understand by drug trafficking

2 List and explain three consequences of drug trafficking

3. Mention 5 ways of preventing drug trafficking

DATE

TOPIC: GROUP BEHAVIOR

AIM: be able to define group behavior; Mention three reasons for group
behavior; List and explain types of group behaviour.

Lesson Information

Group Behavior defines the way individuals are influenced by the thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors of others in a group. Groups can also influence
people's social behavior to fit in a particular group. This is known as group
conformity

Group Behavior: refers to the situations where people interact in large or

small groups.

A group can be described as a collection of two or more individuals

interdependently interacting to achieve their common goals.

Reasons for walking in group

1. To reduce insecurity of working or standing alone

2. To get recognition and status in the society

3. To enjoy feelings of self-worth

4. To enjoy success that comes through group work or action

5. To pool in talents or power needed to complete a given task.

Types of group behaviour

1. Mass action: The members of the group takes the same action at the
same time in response to an incident most of such action are against normal
ways of the people example giving jungle justice to a thief cut stealing in the
market instead of handing him over to the police.

2. Spectators: These are a group of people who gather together to watch a

life event. This could be a football match, drama, concert etc. they are
always peaceful and react the same way to what they watch.

3. Peaceful Demonstration or protest: This type of group behaviour accurse

when people peacefully show their grievances for neglect, marginalization or
denial of their right over a period of time.

4. Bullying: This is very common among students in secondary schools

particularly in secondary boarding schools. A group of senior students may
force the junior students over to donate money and provisions.

Assignment

1. Define group behaviour

2. Mention three reasons for group behaviour

3. List and explain three types of group behaviour.

Date

TOPIC: CORRUPTION

Aim: Be able to define corruption; Mention the effects of corruption on the

nation and society; Mention ways corruption can be prevented.

What is corruption?

Corruption is a form of dishonest behavior that has a big impact on

everyone. It occurs when an entrusted entity abuses its position of power for
its own benefit. Corruption can come in many forms including bribes, double-
dealing, and fraud by individuals, businesses, and governments.

Corruption is a major problem in Nigeria. It exists in every facet of the

Nigerian society; both in private and government establishment.

FORMS OR TYPES OF CORRUPTION

1 Extortion: This is an act of forcing some one or an individual to pay for a

service that should be free. Example, when a police officer asks for money at
check-point even when a drivers vehicle particulars are complete.

2. Embezzlement of funds: Embezzlement is an act of diverting money

meant for official use to private or personal use e.g. if money meant for road
repair is shared by the officials in charge of the contract.

3. Bribery: It is an act of inducing someone by using monetary and non-

monetary means to secure favour. Giving and taking of bribes are both
punishable offences.

4. Preferential treatment: All forms of man know man arrangements are

act of corruption. This is a situation where someone gets contracts or jobs
not on the basis of qualification or merit but on the basis of friendship, tribe,
and immoral relationship etc.

CAUSES OF CORRUPTION

1. Poverty: Anyone from a poor family may likely engage in corrupt

practices to bail himself and his family out of poverty.
2. Greed: A greedy fellow does not get satisfied with what he has as a result
he get involved in different types of corruption.

Other causes include: Misplacement of social values; Impatience; Lack of

commitment on the part of government and Poor upbringing.

CONSEQUENCES OF CORRUPTION

1. It dents the nation image

2. It brings hardship on average citizens

3. It retards the economic growth

4. It leads to poverty

5. It discourages honesty, integrity and hard work

6. It leads to unemployment

7. Increases the practice of harmful social vices

PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION

1. Stiff punishment for corrupt leaders and officials

2 Confiscation of poverty

3. Introduction of civic and moral instructions

4. Honesty, integrity and hard work should be rewarded

5. Government should give ICPC, EFCC free hand to administers justice on

corrupt citizens

6. Display of wealth should be discouraged

Assignment

1 Mention three effects each of corruption on the nation and society

2 Mention five ways corruption can be prevented

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES CHARGED WITH THE PREVENTION OF
CORRUPTION

Some government agencies have been set up to fight corruption. These

agencies ensure that individuals involved in corruption are prosecuted.

The following agencies have been put in place by the government to

eradicate corruption; they include the EFCC, ICPC, Code of Conduct Bureau.
These agencies have their different responsibilities

1. EFCC (Economics and Financial Crime Commission)

a. They investigate financial crimes including fee fraud, money

laundering, etc
b. They co-ordinate and enforce all economic and financial crime laws.
Etc

2. ICPC (Independent Corrupt Practices and other Related Offences

Commission)

Functions of this agency include examination of declared assets made by

public officers. They also keep documents and make them available to
anyone who wishes to see it.