IJBPAS, November, 2020, 9(11): 2942-2950

ISSN: 2277–4998

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NIOSOMAL BASED HERBAL

SUNSCREEN SPRAY

CHANDIRANI P1*, SUSMITHA P1*, BAJI SK1*, SRAVANI T1*, JYOTHIKA VL1*,
PALLAVI V2 AND RAMARAO N3
1: UG Scholar, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
2: Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences
3: Principal, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
*Corresponding Author: P. Chandirani: E Mail: [email protected]; Tel:
+917993442137
Received 20 March 2020; Revised 21 April 2020; Accepted 15th May 2020; Available online 1st Nov. 2020
th st

https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2020/9.11.5244
ABSTRACT
Background: In the current paradigm, herbal remedies are more appropriate than synthetic ones
due to their protection and less harmful impacts. The present research work has been undertaken
with the aim to formulate and evaluate niosomal based herbal sunscreen spray.
Materials and methods: Essential oils (carrot seed oil, blue berry seed oil) having good SPF.
Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Mill. belonging to the family Asphodelaceae), Cholesterol,
Tween80, Alcohol, Glycerine, Water. Niosomes were prepared by coacervation method.
Results: It has been identified that carrot seed oil, blue berry seed oil have good SPFs. The
combination of both the essential oils is having SPF higher than the individual formulations. 3
formulations are made F1, F2, F3. Carrot seed oil was incorporated as a UV protecting agent in
F1 and SPF was found to be 27.78; blue berry seed oil was incorporated as UV protectant in F2
and SPF was found to be 21.65 and F3 is the combination of both carrot seed oil and blue berry
seed oil where the SPF was found to be 28.90.

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Conclusion: Results have shown that F3 is having high SPF than F1 and F2. Thus it has high
UV protection capacity.
Keywords: Niosomal, Carrot seed oil, Blue berry seed oil, Asphodelaceae, Coacervation,
SPF (Sun protection factor)
INTRODUCTION
Sunscreens: Sunscreens are the substances numerous social factors such as ease of
that protect the skin from UV radiation, application and greater safety effects. Most
helps to prevent the development of animals (the elephant uses mud as a sun
wrinkles, darkspots and sagging skin. cover) use sunlight. Sun protection clothing,
Modern sun screens provide excellent and sun glasses, hats, umbrellas, shade and
robust protection against UVA and UVB potential avoidance of sun light [3].
while avoiding water and sweat wash-offs. SPF is measured as ratio of amount of UV
Aerosol sprays are of great demand because radiation required to burn the protected skin
they are easy to use and fairly quick to apply (with sunscreen) to that required to burn the
[1]. same unprotected skin (without sunscreen),
Types of UV- Radiation [2] all other factors being constant.
UV-A Radiation: This ranges from 320 to SPF = Minimal erythema dose of protected skin
Minimal erythema dose of unprotected skin
400 nm. UV-A radiation is primarily Mansur mathematical equation
responsible of tanning or darkening of the SPF=CF∑290320EE(λ)×I(λ)Abs(c)
skin. Where,
CF= Correction factor
UV-B radiation: Radiation ranges from 280 EE[λ] = Erythmagenic effect of radiation with
wavelength
to 320 nm. It is known as burning rays Abs[λ] = Spirit photometric absorbance values at
wavelength
because it causes sunburn 1000 times more EE values are constant
Herbal sunscreen agents:
than UV-A.
These herbal sunscreen acts by either
UV-C radiation: The radiation ranges from
effectively scattering the incident light or
200 to 280 nm. UV-C radiation is less
they adsorb the erythemal portion of sun
powerful and harmful.
energy.
Protection:
Aloe vera gel:
Sun protection choices can be very common,
It is collected from the leaves of Aloe
but suntan screens are the most preferred and
barbadensis belonging to the family
popular mode of sun protection due to
Asphodelaceae. Aloe vera is widely used in

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cosmetics for its moisturizing action. It can acids , vitamin A. It is also useful in
block both UVA and UVB rays, so that it treatment of psoriasis and other skin
can maintain skin natural moisture balance. conditions. It is a strong anti oxidant and also
Aloe contains the enzyme bradykinase which used for its healing and nourishing
stops sunburns and stimulate immune properties. Due to high vitamin A content it
system. Acemannan is the main ingredient in is suitable for oily and acneic skin types [6].
aloe vera. It is a D-isomer of
mucopolysaccaride which speeds up the
repair phase and increase production of
collagen and fibroblasts [4].

MATERIALS and METHODS

Collection of materials:
Aloe vera was collected from our college

Carrot seed oil: (Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical

It is yellow to pale orange-brown in colour. Sciences) medicinal garden. Carrot seed oil

It contains 3 flavones (luteolin, luteolin 3-O- and blue berry oil were procured from ALPS

beta-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin 4-O-beta- Goodness Pvt. Ltd. Cholesterol, Tween80,

D-pyranoside). These flavones are having alcohol, Glycerine were procured from

high anti oxidant properties which are Thermo Electronus India Pvt. Ltd. Aloe vera

helpful in treatment of skin related problems used for the experimental work was

and also protects skin from UV radiations authenticated in Acharya Nagarjuna

[5]. University.
Method of Preperation
Coacervation Method of Preperation of
Proniosomes
Taken the required quantity of cholesterol
Blue berry seed oil: It is highly moisturizing into a clean and dry beaker. Placed the
with charecteristic aroma. It contains high beaker on magnetic stirrer with moderate
concentration of alpha and gamma rpm and 30-35˚C. To this Tween80 was
tocopherols (vitamin E), vitamin C, poly added. Finally aloevera, essential oils and
phenols, 83% omega-3 and omega-6 fatty alcohol were incorporated. Stirred the above

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contents until all the ingredients were phase and stirred to form a uniform
completely miscible and formed a single dispersion.
phase at 60-65˚C. Slowly added the aqueous

Table 1: List of Ingredients

S. No NAME OF INGREDIENT QUANTITY PURPOSE
1. Carrot seed oil 5ml Essential oil with SPF of 35-40
2. Blue berry oil 5ml Essential oil with SPF of 20
3. Aloe vera 10gms Skin Moisturizer
4. Cholesterol 5gms Lipid phase for niosomes
5. Tween 80 10ml Non ionic surfactant
6. Alcohol 10ml Penetration enhancer
7. Glycerine 10ml Aqueous phase
8. Water qs Aqueous phase

Table 2: Composition of Formulation

S. No NAME OF INGREDIENT F1 F2 F3
1. Carrot seed oil 1ml - 1ml
2. Blue berry oil - 1ml 1ml
3. Aloe vera 10gms 10gms 10gms
4. Cholesterol 0.25gms 0.25gms 0.25gms
5. Tween 80 1.5ml 1.5ml 1.5ml
6. Alcohol 10ml 10ml 10ml
7. Glycerine 1ml 1ml 1ml
8. Water qs qs qs

Evaluation Parameters sensitivity study was done by patch test to

Physical parameters: ensure that sunscreen is free from adverse
Appearance, colour, and solubility were effects [7].
determined. Subjective Properties:
By using standard techniques and methods Consistency, feel on application and
the physical parameters of herbal sunscreen irritation parameters were determined.
formulations like colour, odour, Rancidity:
spreadability, pH, specific gravity (25˚C) and This test was performed by using the
limit test for lead were determined. The Phloroglucinol solution. The rancidity is due
viscosity of sunscreen was measured at 10- to the oxidation of the fats and oils; during
100rpm at 25˚C with Brookfield viscometer. oxidation free fatty acids were liberated.
Stability of sunscreen was determined by These free fatty acids react with the
centrifugation at 3500-13500 rpm for 10 min Phloroglucinol solution and gives pink
interval and observed for phase separation. A colour. This indicates the rancidity of the

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product. 10 ml of the preparation was taken an aliquot 5ml was transferred and diluted
then added 10 ml of concentrated with ethanol. Measured the absorbance
hydrochloric acid and 10 ml of values of each aliquot from 290-320nm at
Phloroglucinol solution and shaken for one 5nm interval taking ethanol as a blank. The
minute. The material shall be taken to have absorbance values were taken thrice and at
passed the test if no pink colour developed each point determinations were made
[8-12]. followed by application of Mansur equation.
Particle size analysis: Mansur et al (1986) [13-17] developed a
Particle size of niosomes formed was mathematical equation
determined with the help of particle size SPF= CF∑290320 EE(λ)×I(λ)Abs(c)
analyser. Where,
Percentage of nanoparticles formed and the CF= correction factor
range of particle size was obtained in the EE[λ] = Erythmagenic effect of radiation
form of a graph. with wavelength
Initially, the sample was transferred to a Abs[λ] = spirit photometric absorbance
cuvette and placed in a particle size analyser, values at wavelength
final results obtained in the form of graph EE values are constant
was collected and evaluated. The aliquot prepared were scanned between
Sun Protection Factor determination [8] 290-320 nm and the obtained absorbance
SPF of formulated creams, marketed values were multiplied with the respective
sunscreen products and synthetic sunscreen EE (λ) and I (λ) values. Then, their
agents were calculated by the application of summation was taken and multiplied with
equation: the correction factor (10) [18-22].
Sample Preparation RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
Weighed 1.0 g of both the samples and Effectiveness of a sunscreen was determined
added into 100ml volumetric flask, diluted by using SPF. An effective sunscreen should
with ethanol and ultrasonicated for 5 min. have wide range of absorbance from 290-
Filtered using cotton and then rejected first 400nm to prevent sunburn and skin damage.
10 ml. Into a 50 ml volumetric flask an Evaluation of sunscreen formulation for a
aliquot of 5 ml was transferred and diluted long time was through in- vivo test using
with ethanol. To the 25ml volumetric flask human volunteers but it is time consuming

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and leads to grade of variability. But, during  By using UV spectrophotometric method,

production and development the SPF test is the SPF values were obtained and observed
useful for scanning. By applying high absorbance values at 290-320nm. The
mathematical equation the herbal sunscreen SPF values of carrot seed, blue berry oil
containing carrot seed oil and blueberry seed and combination of both oils in sunscreen
oil were evaluated. spray were 27.78, 21.65 and 28.90
During handling and storage of cosmetic respectively.
formulation Particle size analysis:
 The prime parameters which effect Particle size of niosomes was analysed by
formulations acceptability are particle size analyser.
physicochemical characters. It was found that almost 30% of particles in
 Phase separation was not observed by the sample were of nano size.
performing stability studies using Average particle size of the formulation was
centrifugation. This proves the stability of found to be 0.5 microns.
formulation at high stress conditions.

Table 3: Physical Properties of Herbal Drugs

observations
S. NO parameters F1 F2 F3
1 Colour Yellowish to brown light greenish yellow Yellowish brown
2 Odour characteristic characteristic characteristic
3 Specific gravity 0.918(Kg/m3) 0.915 to 0.930(Kg/m3) 0.920(Kg/m3)
4 Solubility Soluble in oily Soluble in oily Soluble in oily
substances substances substances
5 pH 7.4 6.9 7.2
6 Acid value 2.5806 6.2 4.81

Table 4: Determination of SPF values

S. No Wave length EE value Carrot seed oil Blue berry seed oil Combination of both oils
1 290 0.015 0.0848 0.0423 0.0723
2 295 0.0817 0.1837 0.1212 0.2437
3 300 0.2874 0.2992 0.2318 0.2398
4 305 0.3278 0.3755 0.3122 0.3925
5 310 0.1864 0.2412 0.2014 0.2721
6 315 0.0837 0.1359 0.0948 0.1213
7 320 0.018 0.0551 0.0315 0.0621
Sun protection factor 27.78 21.65 28.90

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CONCLUSION [2] Mukund Manikrao Donglikar and

From the results obtained in the study it can Sharada Laxman Deore.,
be concluded that carrot seed oil, blue berry Development and Evaluation of
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