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Arsenal F.C.

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the men's football club based in England. For the women's team,
see Arsenal W.F.C. For other uses, see Arsenal (disambiguation).

Arsenal

Full name The Arsenal Football Club[1]

Nickname(s) The Gunners
Gooners (supporters)

Founded 11 December 1886; 138 years ago,

as Dial Square

Ground Emirates Stadium

Capacity 60,704

Coordinates 51°33′18.3″N 0°06′30.3″W

Owner Kroenke Sports & Entertainment

Co-chairmen Stan and Josh Kroenke

Manager Mikel Arteta

League Premier League

2023–24 Premier League, 2nd of 20

Website arsenal.com
 Away colours

Home colours Third colours

Current season

Departments of Arsenal

Men's football Women's football

Men's academy Women's academy

The Arsenal Football Club, commonly known as simply Arsenal, is a professional football club
based in Islington, North London, England. They compete in the Premier League, the top tier
of English football. In domestic football, Arsenal have won 13 league titles (including
one unbeaten title), a record 14 FA Cups, 2 League Cups, 17 FA Community Shields, and
a Football League Centenary Trophy. In European football, they have one European Cup
Winners' Cup and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. In terms of trophies won, it is the third-most
successful club in English football.[2]

Arsenal was the first club from southern England to join the Football League in 1893, and it
reached the First Division in 1904. Relegated only once, in 1913, it continues the longest streak
in the top division,[3] and has won the second-most top-flight matches in English football history.
[4]
In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA
Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, it won its first League and FA Cup
double. Between 1989 and 2005, they won five league titles and five FA Cups, including two
more doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position.
[5]
Between 1998 and 2017, Arsenal qualified for the UEFA Champions League for an English
football record nineteen consecutive seasons.[6]

In 1886, munitions workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich founded the club as Dial Square. In
1913, the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, becoming close neighbours
of Tottenham Hotspur, and creating the North London derby. Herbert Chapman won the club its
first silverware, and his legacy enabled a trophy-laden period in the 1930s. He helped introduce
the WM formation, floodlights, and shirt numbers;[7] he also added the white sleeves and
brighter red to the club's jersey.[8] Arsène Wenger is the club's longest-serving manager and has
won the most trophies. He won a record seven FA Cups, and his third and final title-winning
team set an English record for the longest top-flight unbeaten league run at 49 games between
2003 and 2004, receiving the nickname The Invincibles.

In 2006, the club moved to the nearby Emirates Stadium. With an annual revenue of £367.1m in
the 2021–22 season,[9] Arsenal was estimated to be worth US$2.26 billion by Forbes, making it
the world's tenth-most valuable football club,[10] while it is one of the most followed on social
media.[11] The motto of the club is Victoria Concordia Crescit, Latin for "Victory Through
Harmony".

History

Further information: History of Arsenal F.C. (1886–1966), History of Arsenal F.C. (1966–present),
and Arsenal Football Club Museum

1886–1912: Dial Square to Royal Arsenal

Royal Arsenal squad in 1888. Original captain David

Danskin sits on the right of the bench.

In October 1886, Scotsman David Danskin and fifteen fellow munitions workers
in Woolwich formed Dial Square Football Club, named after a workshop at the heart of
the Royal Arsenal complex. Each member contributed sixpence, and Danskin also added three
shillings to help form the club.[12][note 1] Dial Square played their first match on 11 December 1886
against the Eastern Wanderers and won 6–0. The club had been renamed Royal Arsenal by
January 1887,[15][16] and its first home was Plumstead Common,[15] though they spent most of
their time playing at the Manor Ground. Their first trophies were the Kent Senior
Cup and London Charity Cup in 1889–90 and the London Senior Cup in 1890–91; these were the
only county association trophies Arsenal won during their time in South East London.[17][18] In
1891, Royal Arsenal became the first London club to turn professional.[19]

Royal Arsenal was renamed for the second time upon becoming a limited liability company in
1893. They registered their new name, Woolwich Arsenal, with the Football League when the
club ascended later that year.[20][21]: 5–21 Woolwich Arsenal was the first southern member of the
Football League, starting out in the Second Division and reaching the First Division in 1904.
Falling attendances, due to financial difficulties among the munitions workers and the arrival of
more accessible football clubs elsewhere in the city, led the club close to bankruptcy by 1910. [22]
[21]: 112–149
Businessmen Henry Norris and William Hall became involved in the club, and sought to
move them elsewhere.[23][21]: 22–42

1912–1925: Bank of England club

In 1913, soon after relegation back to the Second Division, the club moved across the river to
the new Arsenal Stadium in Highbury.[24][25][26] In 1919, the Football League controversially voted
to promote The Arsenal, instead of relegated local rivals Tottenham Hotspur, into the newly
enlarged First Division, despite only finishing fifth in the Second Division's last pre-war season
of 1914–15. Later that year, The Arsenal started dropping "The" in official documents, gradually
shifting its name for the final time towards Arsenal, as it is generally known today.[27]

A bronze bust of Herbert Chapman stands inside the Emirates Stadium.

With a new home and First Division football, attendances were more than double those at the
Manor Ground, and Arsenal's budget grew rapidly.[28][29] With record-breaking spending and gate
receipts, Arsenal quickly became known as the Bank of England club.[30][31]

1925–1934: Herbert Chapman's legendary Gunners

Arsenal's location and record-breaking salary offer lured star Huddersfield

Town manager Herbert Chapman in 1925.[32][33] Over the next five years, Chapman built a
revolutionary new Arsenal. Firstly, he appointed an enduring new trainer, Tom Whittaker who
would one day rise to become a fabled Arsenal manager himself.[34] With the help of
player Charlie Buchan, implemented the nascent WM formation which would serve as a stable
bedrock to his outfit.[35][36] He also captured generational young talents such as Cliff
Bastin and Eddie Hapgood, whilst also lavishing Highbury's high income on stars such as David
Jack and Alex James.

Transformed, Chapman's Arsenal claimed their first national trophy, the FA Cup in 1930, and
League Championships followed in 1930–31 and 1932–33.[37] Chapman also presided over off-
pitch changes: white sleeves and shirt numbers were added to the kit;[note 2] a Tube station was
named after the club;[41][42] and the first of two opulent Art Deco stands was completed, with
some of the first floodlights in English football.[29] Suddenly, in the middle of the 1933–
34 season, Chapman died of pneumonia.[43]

1934–1947: Shaw, Allison and the Second World War

Chapman's death meant work was left to his colleagues Joe Shaw and George Allison, with both
proving to be shrewd and consummate custodians of Chapman's excellent Arsenal team, seeing
out a hat-trick of league wins with the 1933–34, 1934–35, and 1937–38 titles, and then
furthermore winning the 1936 FA Cup.[44][45]

World War II meant the Football League was suspended for seven years. While Arsenal were
paraded by the nation as a symbol of solidarity with war efforts, the war took a huge toll on the
team as the club had had more players killed than any top flight club.[46] Furthermore, debt from
reconstructing an ambitious North Bank Stand redevelopment greatly bled Arsenal's resources.
[47][29]

1947–1962: Tom Whittaker's meteoric Gunners

Despite this period of turbulence and churn, Arsenal returned to win the league in the second
post-war season of 1947–48. This was Tom Whittaker's first season as manager, and meant the
club equalled the champions of England record.[3] Whittaker, despite his disarming humble and
modest disposition, was oft-referred to as the "brains" behind charismatic Chapman's legendary
Arsenal side.[48][49] He gathered a successful and highly skilled Arsenal side in spite of greatly
limited resources, with a fiery and expansive style that drove great fanfare at the time. [50]

They won a third FA Cup in 1950, and then won a record-breaking seventh championship
in 1952–53 making Arsenal the most successful team in English history at the time.[51][52]

1962–1984: Billy Wright, Bertie Mee and Terry Neill's cohorts

 Alan Ball (left) and Bertie Mee (who led Arsenal to their
first double in 1971), pictured in 1972

Arsenal were not to win the League or the FA Cup for another 18 years. The '53 Champions
squad had aged, and the club failed to attract strong enough replacements. [53] Although Arsenal
were competitive during these years, their fortunes had waned; the club spent most of the
1950s and 1960s in mid-table mediocrity.[54] Even former England captain Billy Wright could not
bring the club any success as manager, in a stint between 1962 and 1966. [55]

Arsenal tentatively appointed club physiotherapist Bertie Mee as acting manager in 1966.[56]
[57]
With new assistant Don Howe and new players such as Bob McNab and George Graham,
Mee led Arsenal to their first League Cup finals, in 1967–68 and 1968–69. Next season saw a
breakthrough, with Arsenal's first competitive European trophy, the 1969–70 Inter-Cities Fairs
Cup. The season after, Arsenal achieved an even greater triumph with their first League and FA
Cup double, and a new champions of England record.[58] This marked a premature high point of
the decade; the Double-winning side was soon broken up and the rest of the decade was
characterised by a series of near misses, with Arsenal finishing as FA Cup runners up in 1972,
and First Division runners-up in 1972–73.[57]

Former player Terry Neill succeeded Mee in 1976. At the age of 34, he became the youngest
Arsenal manager to date.[59] With new signings like Malcolm Macdonald and Pat Jennings, and a
crop of talent in the side like Liam Brady and Frank Stapleton, the club reached a trio of FA Cup
finals (1978 FA Cup, 1979 FA Cup and 1980 FA Cup), and lost the 1980 European Cup Winners'
Cup Final on penalties. The club's only trophy during this time was the 1979 FA Cup, achieved
with a last-minute 3–2 victory over Manchester United, in a final is widely regarded as a classic.
[60][61]

1984–1996: George Graham's Arsenal

 Tony Adams statue outside the Emirates Stadium

One of Mee's double winners, George Graham, returned as manager in 1986, with Arsenal
winning their first League Cup in 1987, Graham's first season in charge. New signings Nigel
Winterburn, Lee Dixon and Steve Bould had joined the club by 1988 to complete the "famous
Back Four", led by homegrown player Tony Adams.[62][note 3] Graham's credo of prioritising
defensive excellence seemingly clashed with the club's traditionally expansive motifs and many
had skepticism whether it would work with the young squad at the club in that time period;
however, his methods quickly gained a cult following after initial successes.[63]

The side immediately won the 1988 Football League Centenary Trophy, and followed it with
the 1988–89 Football League title, snatched with a last-minute goal in the final game of the
season against fellow title challengers Liverpool.[64] Graham's Arsenal won another title in 1990–
91, losing only one match, won the FA Cup and League Cup double in 1993, and the European
Cup Winners' Cup in 1994. Graham's reputation was tarnished when he was found to have
taken kickbacks from agent Rune Hauge for signing certain players, and he was dismissed in
1995.[65][66] His replacement, Bruce Rioch, lasted for only one season, leaving the club after a
dispute with the board of directors.[67]

1996–2018: Arsene Wenger years

 After completing the only unbeaten Premier League season, a unique
gold trophy was commissioned to Arsenal.

The club metamorphosed during the tenure of French manager Arsène Wenger, who was
appointed in 1996. Attacking football,[68] an overhaul of dietary and fitness practices,[note 4] and
elite scouting[note 5] defined his reign. Accumulating key players from Wenger's homeland, such
as Patrick Vieira and Thierry Henry, Arsenal won a second League and Cup double in 1997–
98 and a third in 2001–02. In addition, the club reached the final of the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup,
were victorious in the 2003 and 2005 FA Cup finals, and won the Premier League in 2003–
04 without losing a single match, an achievement which earned the side the nickname "The
Invincibles".[77] This feat came within a run of 49 league matches unbeaten from 7 May 2003 to
24 October 2004, a national record.[78]

Arsenal finished in either first or second place in the league in eight of Wenger's first nine
seasons at the club, although they never won the title in two consecutive seasons. [79] The club
had never progressed beyond the quarter-finals of the Champions League until 2005–06; in that
season, they became the first club from London to reach the final in the competition's fifty-year
history, but were beaten 2–1 by Barcelona.[80] In July 2006, they moved into the Emirates
Stadium, after 93 years at Highbury.[81] Arsenal reached the finals of the 2007 and 2011 League
Cups, losing 2–1 to Chelsea and Birmingham City respectively. The club had not gained a trophy
since the 2005 FA Cup until, spearheaded by club record acquisition Mesut Özil, Arsenal
beat Hull City in the 2014 FA Cup Final, coming back from a 2–0 deficit to win the match 3–2.
[82]
A year later, Arsenal completed another victorious FA Cup campaign,[83] and became the most
successful club in the tournament's history by winning their 13th FA Cup in 2016–17. However,
in that same season Arsenal finished fifth in the league, the first time they had finished outside
the top four since before Wenger arrived in 1996.[84] In his 21st and final season, Arsenal under
Arsene Wenger finished sixth and won the FA Community Shield.[85][86] Wenger departed Arsenal
following the end of the season on 13 May 2018.[87]

2018–2020: post-Wenger revolution

After conducting an overhaul in the club's operating model to coincide with Wenger's
departure, Spaniard Unai Emery was named as the club's new head coach on 23 May 2018. He
became the club's first ever 'head coach' and second manager from outside the United
Kingdom.[88][89] In Emery's first season, Arsenal finished fifth in the Premier League and as
runner-up in the Europa League.[90][91] On 29 November 2019, Emery was dismissed as manager
and former player and assistant first team coach Freddie Ljungberg was appointed as interim
head coach.[92][93][94]

2020–: Mikel Arteta era

On 20 December 2019, Arsenal appointed former club captain Mikel Arteta as the new head
coach.[95][96] Arsenal finished the 2019–20 season in eighth, their lowest finish since 1994–95,
but beat Chelsea 2–1 to earn a record-extending 14th FA Cup win.[97] After the season, Arteta's
title was changed from head coach to manager.[98] On 18 April 2021, Arsenal were announced as
a founding club of the breakaway European competition The Super League;[99] they withdrew
from the competition two days later amid near-universal condemnation.[100] Arsenal finished
the 2020–21 season in eighth place once again, not qualifying for a European competition for
the first time in 26 years.[101] The season after (2021–22), Arteta had assembled the youngest
outfit in the Premier League with an average starting age of 24 years and 308 days – more than
a whole year younger than the next team.[102][103] They finished in fifth in the Premier League
that year, and qualified for next season's UEFA Europa League.[104]

By the 2022–23 season, Arsenal returned to the Champions League by coming second
to Manchester City, setting a record for most time spent on top of the table without actually
winning the league, ending on 84 points.[105] In the 2023–24 season, Arsenal beat Manchester
City to claim their 17th FA Community Shield, they finished second in the Premier League to
Manchester City with an improved 89 points from their previous campaign.[106]

Crest

Crests of Arsenal F.C. prior to current crest

Royal Arsenal's first crest, adopted in 1888, two years after the formation of the club
 

'Monogram' badge used in the 1930 FA Cup Final

'Art Deco Crest'

Version of the 'Art Deco Crest' worn in the 1952 FA Cup final


Cannon featured on shirt from 1960s to 1990s

VCC crest: used between 1949 and 2002

Alternative versions of the VCC crest

c. 1990–1993

c. 1994–1995

c. 1996–2001
2001–02 season

Unveiled in 1888, Royal Arsenal's first crest featured three cannons viewed from above, pointing
northwards, similar to the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich (nowadays
transferred to the coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich). These can sometimes be
mistaken for chimneys, but the presence of a carved lion's head and a cascabel on each are
clear indicators that they are cannons.[107] This was dropped after the move to Highbury in 1913,
only to be reinstated in 1922, when the club adopted a crest featuring a single cannon, pointing
eastwards, with the club's nickname, The Gunners, inscribed alongside it; this crest only lasted
until 1925, when the cannon was reversed to point westward and its barrel slimmed down. [107]

In 1949, the club unveiled a modernised crest featuring the same style of cannon below the
club's name, set in blackletter typography, and above the coat of arms of the Metropolitan
Borough of Islington and a scroll inscribed with the club's newly adopted Latin motto, Victoria
Concordia Crescit (VCC) – "victory comes from harmony" – coined by the club's programme
editor Harry Homer.[107][108] For the first time, the crest was rendered in colour, which varied
slightly over the crest's lifespan, finally becoming red, gold and green. Because of the numerous
revisions of the crest, Arsenal were unable to copyright it.[109] Although the club had managed to
register the crest as a trademark, and had fought (and eventually won) a long legal battle with a
local street trader who sold "unofficial" Arsenal merchandise,[110] Arsenal eventually sought a
more comprehensive legal protection. Therefore, in 2002 they introduced a new crest featuring
more modern curved lines and a simplified style, which was copyrightable.[111] The cannon once
again faces east, and the club's name is written in a sans-serif typeface above the cannon.
Green was replaced by dark blue. The new crest was criticised by some supporters; the Arsenal
Independent Supporters' Association claimed that the club had ignored much of Arsenal's
history and tradition with such a radical modern design, and that fans had not been properly
consulted on the issue.[112] Until the 1960s, a badge was worn on the playing shirt only for high-
profile matches such as FA Cup finals, usually in the form of a monogram of the club's initials in
red on a white background.[113]

The monogram theme was developed into an Art Deco-style badge on which the letters A and C
framed a football rather than the letter F, the whole set within a hexagonal border. This early
example of a corporate logo, introduced as part of Herbert Chapman's rebranding of the club in
the 1930s, was used not only on Cup Final shirts but as a design feature throughout Highbury
Stadium, including above the main entrance and inlaid in the floors.[114] From 1967, a white
cannon was regularly worn on the shirts, until replaced by the club crest, sometimes with the
addition of the nickname "The Gunners", in the 1990s.[113]

In the 2011–12 season, Arsenal celebrated their 125th anniversary. The celebrations included a
modified version of the current crest worn on their jerseys for the season. The crest was all-
white, surrounded by 15 oak leaves to the right and 15 laurel leaves to the left. The oak leaves
represent the 15 founding members of the club who met at the Royal Oak pub. The 15 laurel
leaves represent the design detail on the six pence pieces paid by the founding fathers to
establish the club. The laurel leaves also represent strength. To complete the crest, 1886 and
2011 are shown on either sides of the motto "Forward" at the bottom of the crest.[115]

Starting in the 2021–22 season, Adidas reintroduced the cannon-only crest on that season's
away kit. It was the first time it had been seen on an Arsenal shirt since 1991. It would remain in
use on the away kit in 2022–23 and in 2023–24 would be added to the third kit as well, before
being used on all three kits in 2024–25 - marking the first time the crest would not be seen on
an Arsenal kit since its introduction in 2002.[116]

Colours

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arsenal F.C. kits.

Arsenal's original home colours. The team wore a similar kit (but with redcurrant socks) during
the 2005–06 season.

White sleeves first appeared on the shirt in 1933.

Yellow shirt with blue trim and blue shorts are Arsenal's traditional away colours.
Since the 1990s, Blue has been prominently used for either the away or third kit.

For much of Arsenal's history, their home colours have been bright red shirts with white sleeves
and white shorts, though this has not always been the case. The choice of red is in recognition
of a charitable donation from Nottingham Forest, soon after Arsenal's foundation in 1886. Two
of Dial Square's founding members, Fred Beardsley and Morris Bates, were former Forest
players who had moved to Woolwich for work. As they put together the first team in the area,
no kit could be found, so Beardsley and Bates wrote home for help and received a set of kit and
a ball.[117] The shirt was redcurrant, a dark shade of red, and was worn with white shorts and
socks with blue and white hoops.[118][119]

In 1933, Herbert Chapman, wanting his players to be more distinctly dressed, updated the kit,
adding white sleeves and changing the shade to a brighter pillar box red. Two possibilities have
been suggested for the origin of the white sleeves. One story reports that Chapman noticed a
supporter in the stands wearing a red sleeveless sweater over a white shirt; another was that he
was inspired by a similar outfit worn by the cartoonist Tom Webster, with whom Chapman
played golf.[120] Regardless of which story is true, the red-and-white shirts have come to define
Arsenal, and the team have worn that combination ever since that time, aside from two
seasons. The first was 1966–67, when Arsenal wore all-red shirts;[119] this proved unpopular, and
the white sleeves returned the following season. The second was 2005–06, the last season that
Arsenal played at Highbury, when the team wore commemorative redcurrant shirts similar to
those worn in 1913, their first season in the stadium; the side reverted to their normal colours
at the start of the next season.[120] In the 2008–09 season, Arsenal replaced the traditional all-
white sleeves with red sleeves that bore a broad white stripe.[119]

Arsenal's home colours have been the inspiration for at least three other clubs. In 1909, Sparta
Prague adopted a dark red kit like the one Arsenal wore at the time;[120] in
1938, Hibernian adopted the design of the Arsenal shirt sleeves in their own green-and-white
strip.[121] In 1941, Luis Robledo, an England-schooled founder of Santa Fe and a fan of Arsenal,
selected the main colours for his newly created team. In 1920, Sporting Clube de Braga's
manager returned from a game at Highbury and changed his team's green kit to a duplicate of
Arsenal's red-with-white-sleeves-and-shorts, giving rise to the team's nickname of Os
Arsenalistas.[122] These teams still wear those designs to this day.

For many years Arsenal's away colours were white or navy blue. However, in 1968 the FA
banned navy shirts (they looked too similar to referees' black kit), so in the 1969–70 season
Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts. This kit was worn in the 1971
FA Cup Final when Arsenal beat Liverpool to secure the double for the first time in their history.
The yellow and blue strip became almost as famous as their iconic red-and-white home kit. [123]
[124]
Arsenal reached the FA Cup final again the following year wearing the red-and-white home
strip and were beaten by Leeds United. Arsenal then competed in three consecutive FA Cup
finals between 1978 and 1980 wearing their "lucky" yellow and blue strip, [123] which remained
the club's away strip until the release of a green and navy away kit in 1982–83. The following
season, Arsenal returned to the yellow and blue scheme, albeit with a darker shade of blue than
before.

When Nike took over from Adidas as Arsenal's kit provider in 1994, Arsenal's away colours were
again changed to two-tone blue shirts and shorts. Since the advent of the lucrative replica kit
market, the away kits have been changed regularly, with Arsenal usually releasing both away
and third choice kits. During this period the designs have been either all blue designs, or
variations on the traditional yellow and blue, such as the metallic gold and navy strip used in the
2001–02 season, the yellow and dark grey used from 2005 to 2007, and the yellow and maroon
of 2010 to 2013.[125] Until 2014, the away kit was changed every season, and the outgoing away
kit became the third-choice kit if a new home kit was being introduced in the same year. [126]

After Puma began manufacturing Arsenal's kits in 2014, new home, away and third kits were
released every season. In the 2017–18 season, Puma released a new colour scheme for the
away and third kits. The away kit was a light blue, which faded to a darker blue near the bottom,
while the third kit was black with red highlight. Puma returned to the original colour scheme for
the 2018–19 season.[127] From the 2019–20 season Arsenal's kits are manufactured by Adidas.
[128]

Kit suppliers and shirt sponsors

Arsenal kits[129]

Kit Shirt sponsor Shirt sponsor

Period
manufacturer (chest) (sleeve)

1886–1930 Unidentified None

1930–1970 Bukta None

1971–1981 Umbro

1981–1986 JVC
 1986–1994 Adidas

1994–1999

Dreamcast
1999–2002
Sega
Nike
2002–2006 O2

2006–2014

2014–2018
Puma
Emirates[130]
2018–2019
Visit Rwanda[131]
2019–
Adidas[132]
present

Stadiums

Manor Ground, Woolwich Arsenal vs. Everton

Before joining the Football League, Arsenal played briefly on Plumstead Common, then at
the Manor Ground in Plumstead, then spent three years between 1890 and 1893 at the
nearby Invicta Ground. Upon joining the Football League in 1893, the club returned to the
Manor Ground and installed stands and terracing, upgrading it from just a field. Arsenal
continued to play their home games there for the next twenty years (with two exceptions in the
1894–95 season), until the move to north London in 1913.[133][134]

Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913
until May 2006. The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald
Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single
covered stand and three open-air banks of terracing.[29] The entire stadium was given a massive
overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932
and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed
during the Second World War and not restored until 1954.[29]
Highbury could hold more than 60,000 spectators at its peak, and had a capacity of 57,000 until
the early 1990s. The Taylor Report and Premier League regulations obliged Arsenal to convert
Highbury to an all-seater stadium in time for the 1993–94 season, thus reducing the capacity to
38,419 seated spectators.[135] This capacity had to be reduced further during Champions
League matches to accommodate additional advertising boards, so much so that for two
seasons, from 1998 to 2000, Arsenal played Champions League home matches at Wembley,
which could house more than 70,000 spectators.[136]

The North Bank Stand, Arsenal Stadium, Highbury

Expansion of Highbury was restricted because the East Stand had been designated as a Grade II
listed building and the other three stands were close to residential properties.[29] These
limitations prevented the club from maximising matchday revenue during the 1990s and first
decade of the 21st century, putting them in danger of being left behind in the football boom of
that time.[137] After considering various options, in 2000 Arsenal proposed building a new
60,361-capacity stadium at Ashburton Grove, since named the Emirates Stadium, about
500 metres south-west of Highbury.[138] The project was initially delayed by red tape and rising
costs,[139] and construction was completed in July 2006, in time for the start of the 2006–07
season.[140] The stadium was named after its sponsors, the airline company Emirates, with whom
the club signed the largest sponsorship deal in English football history, worth around
£100 million.[141] Some fans referred to the ground as Ashburton Grove, or the Grove, as they did
not agree with corporate sponsorship of stadium names.[142] The stadium will be officially known
as Emirates Stadium until at least 2028, and the airline will be the club's shirt sponsor until at
least 2024.[143][144] From the start of the 2010–11 season on, the stands of the stadium have been
officially known as North Bank, East Stand, West Stand and Clock end.[145] The capacity of the
Emirates now stands at 60,704.[146]

Arsenal's players train at the Shenley Training Centre in Hertfordshire, a purpose-built facility
which opened in 1999.[147] Before that the club used facilities on a nearby site owned by
the University College of London Students' Union. Until 1961 they had trained at Highbury.
[148]
Arsenal's Academy under-18 teams play their home matches at Shenley, while
the reserves play their games at Meadow Park,[149] which is also the home of Boreham Wood.
Both the Academy under-18 team and the reserves occasionally play their big games at the
Emirates in front of a crowd reduced to only the lower west stand.[150][151]

A panorama of the Emirates Stadium before a match

Supporters and rivalries

Further information: Arsenal F.C. supporters

Arsenal supporters

Arsenal's fanbase are referred to as "Gooners" – the name derived from the club's nickname
"The Gunners". Virtually all home matches sell out; in 2007–08 Arsenal had the second-highest
average League attendance for an English club (60,070, which was 99.5% of available capacity),
[152]
and, as of 2015, the third-highest all-time average attendance.[153] Arsenal have the seventh
highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia
Dortmund, Barcelona, Manchester United, Real Madrid, Bayern Munich and Schalke 04.[154][155]
[156][157]
The club's location, adjoining wealthy areas such as Canonbury and Barnsbury, mixed
areas such as Islington, Holloway, Highbury, and the adjacent London Borough of Camden, and
largely working-class areas such as Finsbury Park and Stoke Newington, has meant that
Arsenal's supporters have come from a variety of social classes. Much of the Afro-Caribbean
support comes from the neighbouring London Borough of Hackney and a large portion of the
South Asian Arsenal supporters commute to the stadium from Wembley Park, North West of the
capital. There was also traditionally a large Irish community that followed Arsenal, with the
surrounding Islington and particularly the nearby Archway area having a large community of
residents with Irish heritage. But Irish migration to North London is recently much lower than in
the 1960s or 1970s.
Like all major English football clubs, Arsenal have a number of domestic supporters' clubs,
including the Arsenal Football Supporters' Club, which works closely with the club, and the
Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association, which maintains a more independent line.
The Arsenal Supporters' Trust promotes greater participation in ownership of the club by fans.
The club's supporters also publish fanzines such as The Gooner, Gunflash and the satirical Up
The Arse!

There have always been Arsenal supporters outside London, and since the advent of satellite
television, a supporter's attachment to a football club has become less dependent on
geography. Consequently, Arsenal have a significant number of fans from beyond London and all
over the world; in 2007, 24 UK, 37 Irish and 49 other overseas supporters' clubs were affiliated
with the club.[158] A 2011 report by SPORT+MARKT estimated Arsenal's global fanbase at
113 million.[159] The club's social media activity was the fifth highest in world football during the
2014–15 season.[160]

Chants

The team's anthem is "The Angel (North London Forever)" by Louis Dunford.[161][162][163] The song
is typically played at Arsenal home games before a match.

In addition to the usual English football chants, Arsenal's supporters sing "One-Nil to the
Arsenal" (to the tune of "Go West") and also regularly sing "Who's that team they call the
Arsenal", "Good Old Arsenal" (to the tune of "Rule, Britannia!") and "We're the North
Bank/Clock End Highbury". The fans also chant "Boring, Boring Arsenal" in self-deprecating
reference to Arsenal's reputation during the 1970s and 1980s as an overly defensive, cautious
team.[164]

Rivalries

Main articles: North London derby, Arsenal F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry, Arsenal F.C.–
Chelsea F.C. rivalry, and Arsenal F.C.–Manchester City F.C. rivalry

Arsenal playing against rivals Tottenham, in a game known as

the North London derby, in November 2010

Arsenal's longest-running and deepest rivalry is with their nearest major neighbour, Tottenham
Hotspur; matches between the two are referred to as the North London derby.[165] There also
exists a rivalry between Arsenal and Chelsea. In addition, Arsenal and Manchester United
developed a strong on-pitch rivalry in the late 1980s, which intensified in the early 2000s when
both clubs were competing for the Premier League title.[166][167][168]

Mascot

The club mascot is Gunnersaurus Rex, a smiling, seven-foot-tall green dinosaur, who first
appeared at a home match against Manchester City in August 1994 (or 1993). He is based on a
drawing by then-11-year-old Peter Lovell, whose design and another similar idea won a Junior
Gunners contest; his official backstory is that he hatched from an egg found during renovations
at Highbury.[169][170][171][172][173][174]

The same performer, Jerry Quy, has been inside the suit from the start; in early October 2020,
as part of cost-cutting brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, the club made him
redundant from that and his other part-time job in supporter liaison, together with 55 full-time
employees, although they later said Gunnersaurus could return after spectators were allowed
back in stadiums.[173][175][176] An online fundraiser was begun for Quy,[176] and Mesut Özil offered to
pay his salary himself as long as he remains with Arsenal.[177][178] In November 2020, in advance
of COVID-19 regulations being relaxed to allow supporters to attend home games from 3
December, Arsenal announced that Gunnersaurus would return, to be played by a roster of
people that could include Quy if he wished.[179][180]

Ownership and finances

Further information: Ownership of Arsenal F.C. & W.F.C.

The largest shareholder on the Arsenal board is American sports tycoon Stan Kroenke.
[181]
Kroenke first launched a bid for the club in April 2007,[182] and faced competition for shares
from Red and White Securities, which acquired its first shares from David Dein in August 2007.
[183]
Red & White Securities was co-owned by Russian billionaire Alisher Usmanov and London-
based Iranian financier Farhad Moshiri, though Usmanov bought Moshiri's stake in 2016.
[184]
Kroenke came close to the 30% takeover threshold in November 2009, when he increased
his holding to 18,594 shares (29.9%).[185][186] In April 2011, Kroenke achieved a full takeover by
purchasing the shareholdings of Nina Bracewell-Smith and Danny Fiszman, taking his
shareholding to 62.89%.[187][188] In May 2017, Kroenke owned 41,721 shares (67.05%) and Red &
White Securities owned 18,695 shares (30.04%).[181] In January 2018, Kroenke expanded his
ownership by buying twenty-two more shares, taking his total ownership to 67.09%. [189] In
August 2018, Kroenke bought out Usmanov for £550m. Now owning more than 90% of the
shares, he had the required stake to complete the buyout of the remaining shares and become
the sole owner.[190] There has been criticism of Arsenal's poor performance since Kroenke took
over, which has been attributed to his ownership.[191] Ivan Gazidis was the club's Chief executive
from 2009 to 2018.[181][192]

Arsenal's parent company, Arsenal Holdings plc, operates as an unlisted public limited company,
whose ownership is considerably different from that of other football clubs. Only 62,219 shares
in Arsenal have been issued,[181] and they are not traded on a public exchange such as
the FTSE or AIM; instead, they are traded relatively infrequently on the ICAP Securities and
Derivatives Exchange, a specialist market. On 29 May 2017, a single share in Arsenal had a mid
price of £18,000, which sets the club's market capitalisation value at approximately £1,119.9m.
[193]
Most football clubs are not listed on an exchange, which makes direct comparisons of their
values difficult. Consultants Brand Finance valued the club's brand and intangible assets at
$703m in 2015, and consider Arsenal an AAA global brand.[194] Business
magazine Forbes valued Arsenal as a whole at $2.238 billion (£1.69 billion) in 2018, ranked third
in English football.[195] Research by the Henley Business School ranked Arsenal second in English
football, modelling the club's value at £1.118 billion in 2015.[196][197]

Arsenal's financial results for the 2019–20 season showed an after tax loss of £47.8m, due in
part to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.[198] The Deloitte Football Money League is a
publication that homogenises and compares clubs' annual revenue. Deloitte put Arsenal's
footballing revenue in 2019 at £392.7m (€445.6m),[199] ranking Arsenal eleventh among world
football clubs.[160] Arsenal and Deloitte both listed the match day revenue generated in 2019 by
the Emirates Stadium as €109.2m (£96.2m).[199]

In popular culture

Partly due to their proximity to the Alexandra Palace transmitter, Arsenal have appeared in a
number of media "firsts". On 22 January 1927, their match at Highbury against Sheffield
United was the first English League match to be broadcast live on radio.[200][201] A decade later, on
16 September 1937, an exhibition match between Arsenal's first team and the reserves was the
first football match in the world to be televised live.[200][202] Arsenal also featured in the first
edition of the BBC's Match of the Day, which screened highlights of their match against
Liverpool at Anfield on 22 August 1964.[200][203] Sky's coverage of Arsenal's January 2010 match
against Manchester United was the first live public broadcast of a sports event on 3D television.
[200][204]

As one of the most successful teams in the country, Arsenal have often featured when football is
depicted in the arts in Britain. They formed the backdrop to one of the earliest football-related
novels, The Arsenal Stadium Mystery (1939), which was made into a film in the same year.
[205]
The story centres on a friendly match between Arsenal and an amateur side, one of whose
players is poisoned while playing. Many Arsenal players appeared as themselves in the film and
manager George Allison was given a speaking part.[206] The book Fever Pitch by Nick Hornby was
an autobiographical account of Hornby's life and relationship with football, and with Arsenal in
particular. Published in 1992, it formed part of the revival and rehabilitation of football in British
society during the 1990s.[207] The book was twice adapted for the cinema – the 1997 British
film focuses on Arsenal's 1988–89 title win, and a 2005 American version features a fan of
baseball's Boston Red Sox.[208]

Arsenal have often been stereotyped as a defensive and "boring" side, especially during the
1970s and 1980s.[209][210] In the 1997 film The Full Monty the principal characters move forward
in a line and raise their hands, deliberately mimicking the Arsenal defence's offside trap, in an
attempt to co-ordinate their striptease routine.[206] Fifteen years later, an almost identical scene
was included in the 2012 Disney science-fiction film John Carter (director and co-writer Andrew
Stanton, a notable overseas supporter of the club), along with other visual cues and oblique
dialogue hints and references to the club throughout the film.[211] Another film reference to the
club's defence comes in the film Plunkett & Macleane, in which two characters are named Dixon
and Winterburn after Arsenal's long-serving full backs – the right-sided Lee Dixon and the left-
sided Nigel Winterburn.[206]

In August 2022, Amazon Prime Video released an eight-episode docuseries called All or
Nothing: Arsenal.[212][213] It documented the club by spending time with the coaching staff and
players behind the scenes both on and off the field throughout their 2021–22 season, in which
they were the youngest team in the Premier League with an average starting age of 24 years
and 308 days – more than a whole year younger than the next team.[214][215]

In the community

In 1985, Arsenal founded a community scheme, "Arsenal in the Community", which offered
sporting, social inclusion, educational and charitable projects. The club support a number of
charitable causes directly and in 1992 established The Arsenal Charitable Trust, which by 2006
had raised more than £2 million for local causes.[216] An ex-professional and celebrity football
team associated with the club also raised money by playing charity matches. [217] The club
launched the Arsenal for Everyone initiative in 2008 as an annual celebration of the diversity of
the Arsenal family.[218] In the 2009–10 season Arsenal announced that they had raised a record
breaking £818,897 for the Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity. The original target
was £500,000.[219] In 2022, Arsenal and Adidas partnered up to launch the "No More Red"
campaign to support the long-standing work being done by Arsenal in the Community to help
keep young people safe from knife crime and youth violence. To promote the event, the club
launched an exclusive all white kit that was not commercially available and only awarded to
individuals who are making a positive difference in the community.[220]

Save the Children has been Arsenal global charity partner since 2011 and have worked together
in numerous projects to improve safety and well-being for vulnerable children in London and
abroad. On 3 September 2016 The Arsenal Foundation has donated £1m to build football
pitches for children in London, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan and Somalia thanks to The Arsenal
Foundation Legends Match against Milan Glorie at the Emirates Stadium.[221] On 3 June 2018,
Arsenal played Real Madrid in the Corazon Classic Match 2018 at the Bernabeu, where the
proceeds went to Realtoo Real Madrid Foundation projects that are aimed at the most
vulnerable children. In addition there will be a return meeting on 8 September 2018 at the
Emirates stadium where proceeds will go towards the Arsenal foundation.[222]

During 2007 in Pleiku, Vietnam, Arsenal partnered with the JMG Academy and the Hoang Anh
Gia Lai Corporation to found a youth academy for the V.League 1 side Hoàng Anh Lai Lai,
[223]
which saw a selection of Vietnam-based players train with Arsenal;[224] the club ended their
partnership with the club in 2017.[225] Additionally, the club formally partnered with a variety of
clubs overseas including Virginia based Richmond Strikers and Cairo based Wadi Degla.[226][227]

Players

For a complete list of players, see List of Arsenal F.C. players with 100+ appearances, 25–99
appearances and 1–24 appearances.

See also: Arsenal Player of the Season

First-team squad

As of 31 January 2025[228]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited
exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No Pos No Pos
Nation Player Nation Player
. . . .

FR UK Oleksandr
2 DF William Saliba 17 DF
A R Zinchenko

SC JP
3 DF Kieran Tierney 18 DF Takehiro Tomiyasu
O N

EN BE
4 DF Ben White 19 FW Leandro Trossard
G L

GH 20 MF ITA Jorginho
5 MF Thomas Partey
A
22 GK ES David Raya
 BR P
6 DF Gabriel Magalhães
A
ES
23 MF Mikel Merino
EN P
7 FW Bukayo Saka
G
GE
29 MF Kai Havertz
Martin R
NO
8 MF Ødegaard (captain)
R [229] Raheem Sterling (on
EN
30 FW loan from Chelsea)
G [230]
BR
9 FW Gabriel Jesus
A
Neto (on loan
BR
BR 32 GK from Bournemouth)
11 FW Gabriel Martinelli A [231]
A

NE 33 DF ITA Riccardo Calafiori

12 DF Jurriën Timber
D
EN
41 MF Declan Rice
PO G
15 DF Jakub Kiwior
L

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited
exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

N Po N Po
Nation Player Nation Player
o. s. o. s.

Fábio Karl Hein (at Real

P ES
21 MF Vieira (at Porto until 31 GK Valladolid until 30
OR T
30 June 2025)[232] June 2025)[235]

Reiss Nuno
EN
24 FW Nelson (at Fulham unti P Tavares (at Lazio u
G — DF
l 30 June 2025)[233] OR ntil 30 June 2025)
[236]

Marquinhos (at Cruzeir

BR
27 FW o until 31 December — MF BE Albert Sambi
A
2025)[234] L Lokonga (at Sevilla
 until 30 June 2025)
[237]

Academy

Further information: Arsenal F.C. Under-21s and Academy

As of 3 February 2025[238]

Players with at least one first-team appearance for Arsenal.[239]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited
exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No No
Pos. Nation Player Pos. Nation Player
. .

36 GK ENG Tommy Setford 51 DF ENG Josh Nichols

Nathan Butler- Ethan

37 FW ENG 53 MF ENG
Oyedeji Nwaneri

46 FW NED Ismeal Kabia Charles

64 FW ENG
Sagoe Jr
Myles Lewis-
49 MF ENG
Skelly 92 GK ENG Jack Porter

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited
exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

Pos
No. Nation Player
.

Maldini Kacurri (at Bromley until 30 June 2025)

47 DF ALB [240]

Management and staff

See also: List of Arsenal F.C. managers

Current staff
 Arteta was Arsenal's club captain during his playing career, he

was appointed Arsenal's head coach in December 2019.[241]

Arsène Wenger managed Arsenal from 1996 to 2018, he is the club's longest serving manager.
[242]

Management and staff as of 5 November 2024[243]

Position Name

Manager Mikel Arteta

Albert Stuivenberg

Carlos Cuesta[244]
Assistant coaches
Nicolas Jover[245]

Miguel Molina[246]

Goalkeeping coach Iñaki Caña[247]

 Academy manager Per Mertesacker

Head of sports medicine and performance Zafar Iqbal[248]

Managing director Richard Garlick[249]

Chief commercial officer Juliet Slot

Chief financial officer Stuart Wisely

Director of football operations James King[250]

Arsenal board

Arsenal board as of 16 December 2023

Position Name

Co-chair Stan Kroenke

Co-chair Josh Kroenke

Executive Vice-chair Tim Lewis

Director Lord Harris of Peckham

Statistics and records

Further information: List of Arsenal F.C. records and statistics

 Thierry Henry is Arsenal's record goalscorer, with 228 goals in all
[251]
competitions.

Arsenal's tally of 13 League Championships is the third highest in English football, after
Manchester United (20) and Liverpool (19),[252] and they were the first club to reach a seventh
and an eighth League Championship. As of June 2020, they are one of seven teams, the others
being Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Manchester City, Leicester City and
Liverpool, to have won the Premier League since its formation in 1992.[253]

They hold the highest number of FA Cup trophies, with 14.[254] The club is one of only six clubs to
have won the FA Cup twice in succession, in 2002 and 2003, and 2014 and 2015. [255] Arsenal
have achieved three League and FA Cup "Doubles" (in 1971, 1998 and 2002), a feat only
previously achieved by Manchester United (in 1994, 1996 and 1999). [79][256] They were the first
side in English football to complete the FA Cup and League Cup double, in 1993. [257] Arsenal
were also the first London club to reach the final of the UEFA Champions League, in 2006, losing
the final 2–1 to Barcelona.[258]

Arsenal have one of the best top-flight records in history, having finished below fourteenth only
seven times. They have won the second most top flight league matches in English football, and
have also accumulated the second most points,[4] whether calculated by two points per win[4] or
by the contemporary points value.[259] They have been in the top flight for the most consecutive
seasons (98 as of 2023–24).[3][260][261] Arsenal also have the highest average league finishing
position for the 20th century, with an average league placement of 8.5. [5]

Arsenal hold the record for the longest run of unbeaten League matches (49 between May 2003
and October 2004).[78] This included all 38 matches of their title-winning 2003–04 season, when
Arsenal became only the second club to finish a top-flight campaign unbeaten, after Preston
North End (who played only 22 matches) in 1888–89.[77][262] They also hold the record for the
longest top flight win streak.[263] Arsenal set a Champions League record during the 2005–06
season by going ten matches without conceding a goal, beating the previous best of seven set
by AC Milan. They went a record total stretch of 995 minutes without letting an opponent score;
the streak ended in the final, when Samuel Eto'o scored a 76th-minute equaliser for Barcelona.
[80]

David O'Leary holds the record for Arsenal appearances, having played 722 first-team matches
between 1975 and 1993. Fellow centre half and former captain Tony Adams comes second,
having played 669 times. The record for a goalkeeper is held by David Seaman, with 564
appearances.[264] Thierry Henry is the club's top goalscorer with 228 goals in all competitions
between 1999 and 2012;[251] he surpassed Ian Wright's total of 185 in October 2005.[265] Wright's
record had stood since September 1997, when he overtook the longstanding total of 178 goals
set by winger Cliff Bastin in 1939.[266] Henry also holds the club record for goals scored in the
League, with 175,[251] a record that had been held by Bastin until February 2006.[267] Declan
Rice holds the Arsenal record signing price after a deal with West Ham United was completed in
July 2023, for an initial £100 million. This easily surpassed the former record of £72 million
for Nicolas Pepe.

Arsenal's record home attendance is 73,707, for a UEFA Champions League match
against Lens on 25 November 1998 at Wembley, where the club formerly played home
European matches because of the limits on Highbury's capacity. The record attendance for an
Arsenal match at Highbury is 73,295, for a 0–0 draw against Sunderland on 9 March 1935,
[264]
while that at Emirates Stadium is 60,161, for a 2–2 draw with Manchester United on 3
November 2007.[268]

Chart showing Arsenal's league positions since admission to the Football League in 1893

Honours

Further information: List of Arsenal F.C. seasons

For honours won by Academy teams, see Arsenal F.C. Under-23s and Academy § Honours.
Arsenal's first ever silverware was won as the Royal Arsenal in 1890. The Kent Junior Cup, won
by Royal Arsenal's reserves, was the club's first trophy, while the first team's first trophy came
three weeks later when they won the Kent Senior Cup.[269][270] Their first national senior honour
came in 1930, when they won the FA Cup.[271] The club enjoyed further success in the 1930s,
winning another FA Cup and five Football League First Division titles.[50][272] Arsenal won their
first league and cup double in the 1970–71 season and twice repeated the feat, in 1997–
98 and 2001–02, as well as winning a cup double of the FA Cup and League Cup in 1992–93.
[273]
The 2003–04 season was the only 38-match league season unbeaten in English football
history. A special gold version of the Premier League trophy was commissioned and presented
to the club the following season.[274]

Arsenal F.C. honours

Title
Type Competition Seasons
s

First
1930–31, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1937–
Division/Prem
13 38, 1947–48, 1952–53, 1970–71, 1988–89, 199
ier League[note
6]
0–91, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2003–04

1929–30, 1935–36, 1949–50, 1970–71, 1978–

FA Cup 14 79, 1992–93, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03, 200
4–05, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2019–20

EFL Cup[note 7] 2 1986–87, 1992–93

Domestic
1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1938, 1948, 1953, 199
FA
1,[note
Community 17 9]
1998, 1999, 2002, 2004, 2014, 2015, 2017, 20
Shield[note 8]
20, 2023

Football
League
1 1988
Centenary
Trophy

Continen Inter-Cities 1 1969–70

tal Fairs Cup
 UEFA Cup
1 1993–94
Winners' Cup

 record
s
 shared record

Other

When the FA Cup was the only national football association competition available to Arsenal,
the other football association competitions were County Cups, and they made up many of the
matches the club played during a season.[270] Arsenal's first first-team trophy was a County Cup,
the inaugural Kent Senior Cup.[17] Arsenal became ineligible for the London Cups when the club
turned professional in 1891, and rarely participated in County Cups after this. [19][275] Due to the
club's original location within the borders of both the London and Kent Football Associations,
[276]
Arsenal competed in and won trophies organised by each.[17][275]

During Arsenal's history, the club has participated in and won a variety of pre-season and
friendly honours. These include Arsenal's own pre-season competition the Emirates Cup, begun
in 2007.[277] During the wars, previous competitions were widely suspended and the club had to
participate in wartime competitions. During WWII, Arsenal won several of these.

Notes

1. ^ Woolwich and Plumstead were officially part of Kent until the creation of
the County of London in 1889. The Arsenal History provides primary sources on
the name, first meeting, and first match.[13] Bernard Joy says Danskin was captain
at founding.[14] Danskin was made official captain the next month.[15]

2. ^ The new shirts are exhibited in The Arsenal Shirt.[38] Newspaper accounts of the
addition of white sleeves are provided by Mark Andrews.[39] The contemporary
discussion around the first use of shirt numbers, and its initial trial by Chelsea
F.C., is provided by Neil Glackin.[40]

3. ^ Martin Keown was the 'fifth' member of the Back Four, but did not play for the
club between 1986 and 1993.

4. ^ These changes have received contemporary attention,[69] and later praise[70] and
skepticism.[71] For context of the broader use of science in English football,
see Soccer Science.[72]

5. ^ Several analyses indicate strong league performance across the Wenger period,
given Arsenal's footballing outlays, including a regression analysis on wage bills,
 [73]
regression on transfer spending,[74] regression on both,[75] and
a bootstrapping approach for the period 2004–09.[76]

6. ^ Upon its formation in 1992, the Premier League became the top tier of English
football; the Football League First and Second Divisions then became the second
and third tiers, respectively. From 2004, the First Division became
the Championship and the Second Division became League One.

7. ^ Until 2016, the unsponsored name of the EFL Cup was the Football League Cup.

8. ^ Until 2002, the FA Community Shield was known as the FA Charity Shield.

9. ^ The 1991 FA Charity Shield was shared with Tottenham Hotspur.

References

Citations

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3. ^ Jump up to:a b c Ross, James; Heneghan, Michael; Orford, Stuart; Culliton, Eoin
(25 August 2016). "English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016".
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2023. Retrieved 22 June 2023.

4. ^ Jump up to:a b c Pietarinen, Heikki (24 August 2017). "England – First Level All-
Time Tables". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original
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16. ^ Masters 1995, p. 91.

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21. ^ Jump up to:a b c Kelly, Andy; Andrews, Mark; Attwood, Tony (1 August
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Sources

 Attwood, Tony; Kelly, Andy; Andrews, Mark (1 August 2012). Woolwich Arsenal FC:
1893–1915 The club that changed football (first ed.). First and Best in
Education. ISBN 978-1-86083-787-6.

 Cross, John (17 September 2015). Arsene Wenger: The Inside Story of Arsenal Under
Wenger. Simon & Schuster UK. ISBN 978-1-4711-3793-8.

 Elkin, James; Shakeshaft, Simon (1 November 2014). The Arsenal Shirt: Iconic Match
Worn Shirts from the History of the Gunners. Vision Sports Publishing. ISBN 978-1-
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Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-9559211-1-7.

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 Soar, Phil; Tyler, Martin (3 October 2011). Arsenal 125 Years in the Making: The Official
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 Sowman, John; Wilson, Bob (18 January 2016). Arsenal: The Long Sleep 1953 – 1970: A
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Further reading

 Andrews, Mark; Kelly, Andy; Stillman, Tim (8 November 2018). Royal Arsenal: Champions
of the South (First ed.). Legends Publishing. ISBN 9781906796594.

 Callow, Nick (11 April 2013). The Official Little Book of Arsenal. Carlton Books
Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84732-680-5.

 Fynn, Alex; Whitcher, Kevin (18 August 2011). Arsènal: The Making of a Modern
Superclub (3rd ed.). Vision Sports Publishing. ISBN 978-1-907637-31-5.

 Glanville, Brian (2011). Arsenal Football Club: From Woolwich to Whittaker. GCR
Books. ISBN 978-0-9559211-7-9.
  Lane, David (28 August 2014). Arsenal 'Til I Die: The Voices of Arsenal FC Supporters.
Meyer & Meyer Sport. ISBN 978-1-78255-038-9.

 Maidment, Jem (2008). The Official Arsenal Encyclopedia: A Comprehensive A–Z of

London's Most Successful Club (revised ed.). Hamlyn. ISBN 978-0-600-61888-1.

 Mangan, Andrew; Lawrence, Amy; Auclair, Philippe; Allen, Andrew (7 December

2011). So Paddy Got Up: An Arsenal anthology. Portnoy Publishing. ISBN 978-0-
9569813-7-0.

 Roper, Alan (1 November 2003). Real Arsenal Story: In the Days of Gog. Wherry
Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9546259-0-0.

 Spragg, Iain; Clarke, Adrian (8 October 2015). The Official Arsenal FC Book of
Records (2 ed.). Carlton Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-78097-668-6.

 Spurling, Jon (2 November 2012). Rebels for the Cause: The Alternative History of
Arsenal Football Club (New ed.). Random House. ISBN 978-1-78057-486-8.

 Spurling, Jon (21 August 2014). Highbury: The Story of Arsenal in N.5. Orion. ISBN 978-
1-4091-5306-1.

 Stammers, Steve (7 November 2008). Arsenal: The Official Biography: The Compelling
Story of an Amazing Club (First ed.). Hamlyn. ISBN 978-0-600-61892-8.

 Wall, Bob (1969). Arsenal from the Heart. Souvenir Press Limited. ISBN 978-0-285-
50261-1.

 Watt, Tom (13 October 1995). The End: 80 Years of Life on the Terraces. Mainstream
Publishing Company, Limited. ISBN 978-1-85158-793-3.

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