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Coral Reef Crustaceans from Red Sea to Papua

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 Coral Reef
Crustaceans
from Red Sea to
Papua
selected pages (33 of
150) - for evaluation
purposes only

Photographic guide with

1140+ species covered
Andrey Ryanskiy

1
 INTRODUCTION, COPYRIGHT, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

INTRODUCTION
This is the most comprehensive guide to the tropical Indo-Pacific crustaceans. Produced by collaboration
between experienced diver and photographer and leading scientists, this book covers the region from the Red
Sea to Papua New Guinea. Inside Coral Reef Crustaceans from Red Sea to Papua New Guinea:
• Photographs of 1140+ species;
• 500+ species have never before appeared in field guides or popular books;
• Easy access to information;
• Every effort was made to reduce disturbance to sea creatures.
COPYRIGHT
Second Edition COPYRIGHT ©2020 Andrey Ryanskiy. All rights reserved. All images © Andrey Ryanskiy
unless otherwise stated.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to express my sincere appreciation to all those who have directly or indirectly contributed to this
book. Special thanks to all those who helped to identify all the 1140 crustaceans, featured in this book. Among
them are world known scientists, and just people in love with the marine life. All correct ID in this book - it is their
merit, all the mistakes on me: Zdenek Duris, Ondrej Radosta, Arthur Anker, Machel D.Malay, Steven Campbell,
William Wing, Enrique Macpherson, JC Mendoza, Nathaniel Evans, Colin McLay, Rueangrit Promdam, Milan
Koch, Thanh Son Nguyen, Paulo Pachelle, Robert Lasley, Amanda Windsor, David Khaidarov, Javier Luque,
Charles Fransen, Trivedi Jignesh, Christopher Ashelby, Jesser Fidelis, Ron Silver, Marli Wakeling.
Sincere thanks to Philippe Bouchet, National Museum of Natural History (Paris), for inviting the author to
participate in the La Planete Revisitee expedition program.
Adriano Morettin, Alex Stoyda, Alexis Pricipe, Andrey Shpatak, Benjamin Pugh, Bernard Hoppe, Bill Bell, Bob
Fenner, Fabia Imhof, Jack Chen, Jim Greenfield, Iain Fraser, Igor Bogdachenko, Irina Khlopunova, Liang Fu,
Ludovic David, Marty Kiser, Odd Kristensen, Oksana Maksymova, Ria Tan, Scott and Jeanette Johnson, Stefano
Scortegagna, Tim Andrews, Tsu Soo Tan, Yury Ivanov generously shared with the author and readers photos of 36
species.
I would like to thank my wife Irina Khlopunova for continuously and patiently supporting me in every phase of
the work on this book.
ABBREVIATIONS
ID - Identification tips, IT - Identification Tentative, AL - Antero-Lateral
sp. - used when the actual specific name cannot or need not be specified
cf. - used to indicate undescribed species assumed related to, but distinct from a described species
IO, IP, IWP, WP, WCP, PO - Indian Ocean, Indo-Pacific, Indo-West Pacific, West Pacific, Western Central Pacific,
Pacific Ocean accordingly.
 PICTORIAL INDEX TO FAMILIES

PALAEMONIDAE - 7 ALPHEIDAE - 23 MERGUIIDAE - 32 OGYRIDIDAE -32

HIPPOLYTIDAE - 33 THORIDAE - 37 CRANGONIDAE - 37 HYMENOCERIDAE - 38

GNATHOPHYLLIDAE - 38 PANDALIDAE - 38 OPLOPHORIDAE - 39 STYLODACTYLIDAE - 39

RHYNCHOCINETIDAE - 39 BARBOURIIDAE - 40 PROCESSIDAE - 40 PENAEIDAE - 42

SOLENOCERIDAE - 43 SICYONIIDAE - 44 STENOPODIDAE - 44 UPOGEBIIDAE - 46

AXIIDAE - 46 CALIANASSIDAE - 47 CALLIANIDEIDAE - 47 PALINURIDAE - 47

SCYLLARIDAE - 48 ENOPLOMETOPIDAE - 49 DIOGENIDAE - 50 PAGURIDAE - 55

COENOBITIDAE - 60 CHIROSTYLIDAE - 60 GALATHEIDAE - 61 MUNIDIDAE - 65

 PICTORIAL INDEX TO FAMILIES

HIPPIDAE - 66 PORCELLANIDAE - 66 XANTHIDAE - 73 EURYPLACIDAE - 91

CARPILIIDAE - 91 TANAOCHELIDAE - 91 PILUMNIDAE - 92 CALAPPIDAE - 98

MATUDIDAE - 99 ERIPHIIDAE - 100 OZIIDAE - 100 HYMENOSOMATIDAE - 100

PORTUNIDAE - 101 DAIRIDAE - 110 HEXAPODIDAE - 110 DOMECIIDAE - 110

TETRALIIDAE - 110 TRAPEZIDAE - 111 AETHRIDAE - 113 IPHICULIDAE - 113

LEUCOSIIDAE - 113 PARTHENOPIDAE - 119 CORYSTIDAE - 121 PALICIDAE - 121

GONEPLACIDAE - 121 EPIALTIDAE - 122 INACHIDAE - 125 MAJIDAE - 126

MAJIDAE - 127 DORIPPIDAE - 127 APHANODACTYLIDAE - 128 PINNOTHERIDAE - 128

 PICTORIAL INDEX TO FAMILIES

CRYPTOCHRIDAE - 128 SESARMIDAE - 129 GECARCINIDAE - 129 GRAPSIDAE - 130

PERCNIDAE - 131 PLAGUSIIDAE - 131 MACROPHTHALMIDAE - 131 OCIPODIDAE - 132

DROMIIDAE - 133 DYNOMENIDAE - 135 LATRELLIIDAE - 135 RANIDAE - 135

PYCNOGONIDA - 135 GONODACTYLIDAE - 136 LYSIOSQUILLIDAE - 136 NANOSQUILLIDAE - 137

ODONTODACTYLIDAE - 137 PROTOSQUILLIDAE - 138 PSEUDOSQUILLIDAE - 139 SQUILLIDAE - 139

COROPHIIDA - 140 GAMMARIDEA - 141 HADZIIDA - 141 LERNAEPODIDAE - 142

PENNELLIDAE - 142 BOPYRIDAE - 143 CYMOTHOIDAE - 143 SANTIDAE - 144

SPHAEROMATIDAE - 144 MYSIDA - 145 PYRGOMATIDAE - 146 LEPADIDAE - 147

BASIC MORPHOLOGY
 Xenia Shrimp Alcyonohippolyte commensalis WP, 1 Humpback Soft Coral Shrimp Alcyonohippolyte dos-
cm, on Xenia soft corals. White with brownish pattern. sena IWP, 1 cm. Mimics soft coral polyps by swellings.
BROKEN BACK SHRIMPS (HIPPOLYTIDAE)

BROKEN BACK SHRIMPS (HIPPOLYTIDAE)

Hole Shrimp Alcyonohippolyte sp. WP, 1 cm, on Two-Stripe Soft Coral Shrimp Alcyonohippolyte
zoanthids. Brown with white spots, mimicking host. tenuicarpus WP, 1 cm. 2 broad reticulated olive stripes.

Cryptic Sponge Shrimp Gelastocaris paronae IP, 2 cm. Flattened body, perfectly mimics variable host sponge
colors and patterns, common but hard to notice.

Broken-Back Soft Coral Shrimp Hippolyte sp. WP, 1 Hydroid White-Stripe Shrimp Hippolyte sp. WP, 1
cm, on soft corals. Smooth, translucent, mimics coral. cm, on hydroids. White stripe dorsally.

Green Algae Shrimp Hippolyte ventricosa IWP, 1 cm. Dark Seagrass Shrimp Latreutes porcinus IWP, 1 cm. 33
Green with translucent rostrum and tail base. Dark-brown with beak-like rostrum and white eyes.
 Bignose Seagrass Shrimp Latreutes pymoeus IP, 1 Reticulated Mole Shrimp Paralatreutes sp. Indone-
cm, on algae. Long green body, white eyes. sia, 1 cm. Reticulated body pattern, white tail.
BROKEN BACK SHRIMPS (HIPPOLYTIDAE)

BROKEN BACK SHRIMPS (HIPPOLYTIDAE)

White Tail Mole-Shrimp Paralatreutes bicornis WP, 1 cm. Coloration variable, orange to brown, white tail,
translucent legs with white areas, dark “ear” spot.

Colourful Mole-Shrimp Paralatreutes sp. Indonesia, 1 Hump-Back Cleaner Shrimp Lysmata amboinensis IP, 3
cm. Pink with brown tail base. White and yellow, spots. cm. Orange, central white stripe, bordered by red stripes.

Scarlet Cleaner Shrimp Lysmata debelius IP, 2,5 cm. Kükenthal's Cleaner Shrimp Lysmata kuekenthali IWP,
Deep red with distinctive white spots. 3,5 cm. Translucent with reddish transverse bands.

Lipke’s Cleaner Shrimp Lysmata lipkei WP, 2.5 cm. Ternate Cleaner Shrimp Lysmata ternatensis WP, 3 34
Transparent with oblique red bands. cm. Oblique reddish with longitudinal white stripes.
 Brown-Striped Cleaner Shrimp Lysmatella sp. Indone- Striped Cleaner Shrimp Lysmatella prima IWP, 2,5 cm.
sia, 3 cm. Longitudinal brown stripes, brown antennae. Longitudinal white stripes, yellow legs, white antennae.
BROKEN BACK SHRIMPS (HIPPOLYTIDAE)

BROKEN BACK SHRIMPS (HIPPOLYTIDAE)

Red Algae Hairy Shrimp Phycocaris simulans WP, 1 Two-Band Hairy Shrimp Phycocaris sp. WP, 1 cm.
cm. Tiny, mimics floating red algae. Yellow-brown with two bands on sides. Rare.

White Algae Hairy Shrimp Phycocaris cf. simulans Green Hairy Shrimp Phycocaris cf. simulans WP, 1
WP, 1 cm. Translucent white, hairy filaments sp. cm. Semi-translucent, greenish, near green ascidians.

Pine Cone Marble Shrimp Saron inermis WP, 5 cm. Coral Marbled Shrimp Saron neglectus IP, 3 cm. Legs
Prominent rostrum, banded legs. Photo: Scott Johnson and claw arms green or reddish, banded with white lines.

Marbled Shrimp (Round-Spotted) Saron cf. Marbled Shrimp (Starry) Saron cf. marmoratus WP, 35
marmoratus IP, 6 cm. Round spots on carapace. 6 cm. Red stars on pink carapace and abdomen.
 Golden-Nose Marble Shrimp Saron cf. marmoratus Marbled Shrimp (Labyrinth) Saron cf. marmoratus
PNG, 4 cm. Rusty-colored rostrum, white-dotted body. PNG, 6 cm. Pattern reminds yellow labyrinth paths.
BROKEN BACK SHRIMPS (HIPPOLYTIDAE)

BROKEN BACK SHRIMPS (HIPPOLYTIDAE)

Marbled Shrimp (Patchwork) Saron cf. marmoratus Marbled Shrimp (Islands) Saron cf. marmoratus WP, 4,5
Indonesia, 4,5 cm. Yellow with red patches. cm. Irregular red blue-dotted spots on pink background.

Green Marbled Shrimp Saron cf. marmoratus WP, 3,5 Marbled Shrimp (Red-Lined) Saron cf. marmoratus
cm. Turquoise irregular spots, dark green tail. WP, 5 cm. Fine red lines between irregular red spots.

Marble Shrimp (Cells) Saron cf. marmoratus WP, 4,4 Marbled Shrimp Saron marmoratus IP, 4 cm. Pink with
cm. Big round spots with small white spots inside. reddish blue-bordered round spots. ID tentative.

Cobourg’s Thorella Thorella cobourgi WP, 0,8 cm, on soft corals, coral rubble. Nocturnal. Thin translucent legs 36
with red-dotted strips, whitish tail. Identification tentative.
HIPPOLYTIDAE

HIPPOLYTIDAE
Banded Tozeuma Tozeuma armatum IP, 5 cm, on black Ocellated Tozeuma Tozeuma lanceolatum WP, 5 cm.
corals. Elongated translucent body with irregular bands. Acute rostrum, often with 2 ocelli on abdomen.
THORIDAE

THORIDAE
Squat Shrimp Thor amboinensis IP, 1,6 cm, on anemones, bubble corals. Usually in small groups. Orange with
opaque white blue-bordered spots.

Maldivian Thinora Thinora cf. maldivensis IWP, 2,2 Rubble Mimic Shrimp Thor leptochelus WP, 1,5 cm.
cm. Upturned whitish rostrum, red body. White with translucent rostrum and tail.
CRANGONIDAE

CRANGONIDAE

Grey Crangonid Shrimp Crangonidae sp. WP, 1 cm. White-Spotted Philoceras Philocheras sp. PNG, 1
Distinct pattern of white and grey areas. cm. Short rostrum, grey-brown, scattered white spots.

Shell Mimic Shrimp Vercoia interrupta WP, 1,2 cm. Moon Shrimp Vercoia gibbosa WP, 1,7 cm. Prominent 37
Perfectly mimic cerithiid shell. Photo: Fabia Imhof. dorsolateral ridge. Photo: Fabia Imhof. IT.
HARLEQUIN SHRIMPS (HYMENOCERIDAE)

HARLEQUIN SHRIMPS (HYMENOCERIDAE)

Harlequin Shrimp Hymenocera picta IP, 5 cm. White with big pink spots. ruthless predators that eat their prey
(starfish) alive for several days. Bright coloration warns - these shrimp are poisonous.

Tiger Shrimp Phyllognathia ceratophthalma WCP 2,5 Snake Eel Shrimp Phyllognathia simplex WP, 0,5 cm.
cm. Feeds on ophiura. Translucent white, orange spots. Blue claws, translucent tail.

GNATHOPHYLLIDAE
BUMBLEBEE SHRIMPS (GNATHOPHYLLIDAE)

Bumblebee Shrimp Gnathophyllum americanum Circumtropical, 2,5 cm. Associated with echinoderms - sea
cucumbers, urchins, sea stars. Short rostrum, blunt head, white with black bands. Photo on the right - juvenile.

PANDALIDAE

Urchin Bumblebee Shrimp Gnathophylloides mineri Translusent Pandalid Shrimp Chlorocurtis jactans IP,
Circumtropical, 1 cm, on sea urchin. Lines on the back. 0,7 cm. Translucent with greenish dotted legs.
PANDALIDAE

Dragon Shrimp Miropandalus hardingi IP, 3 cm. Forked rostrum. Resemblance with Dasycaris zanzibarica is an 38
example of convergent evolution - were species can develop similar features living on the same hosts - whip corals.
LEFT-HANDED HERMIT CRABS (DIOGENIDAE)

Hairy Orange Hermit Crab Aniculus maximus IWP, 9 Hairy Netted Hermit Crab Aniculus retipes IWP, 6
cm. Yellow bristled appendages with white stripes. cm. Pink legs with red reticulated pattern.

LEFT-HANDED HERMIT CRABS (DIOGENIDAE)

Bear Hermit Crab Aniculus ursus IWP, 5 cm. Red Sea Calcinus Calcinus aff. anani Red Sea, 2,5
Yellowish legs with dark red reticulated pattern. cm. Orange legs with red reticulated pattern.
HERMIT CRABS AND OTHERS - ANOMURA

Gaimard's Hermit Crab Calcinus gaimardii IWP, 2 cm. From orange to dark brown. Blue rings on the ends of
orange eyestalks.

Zebra Hermit Crab Calcinus laevimanus IP, 1,5 cm. Greenish or brownish, eyestalks with blue segments
basally. Dark claw arms with white spots.

Brown Hermit Crab Calcinus fuscus WP, 1,5 cm. Hidden Hermit Crab Calcinus latens IP, 1,5 cm. 50
Bluish lines down yellow legs. White knobs on claws and legs, dark bands on legs.
 Striped Leg Hermit Crab Calcinus lineapropodus White Hermit Crab Calcinus minutus IWP, 1 cm.
IWP, 1,5 cm. Red eyestalks with white ends. White, orange-dotted legs, last segment orange.
LEFT-HANDED HERMIT CRABS (DIOGENIDAE)

LEFT-HANDED HERMIT CRABS (DIOGENIDAE)

Morgan's Hermit Crab Calcinus morgani IP, 1,5 cm. Beautiful Hermit Crab Calcinus pulcher IWP, 1 cm.
Blue eyestalks with dark-blue ends. Inner half of eyestalks brown and outer white.

Pink Hermit Crab Calcinus rosaceus WIO 1,5 cm. Spiky Hermit Crab Calcinus spicatus PO, 1,6 cm. Pur-
Purple eyestalks with white ends. ple legs with yellow bands, claw arms with dark spots.

Halloween Hermit Crab Ciliopagurus strigatus IP, 6 Spotted Black Hermit Crab Clibanarius cruentatus
cm. Bright yellow/red banding, black-tipped fingers. IWP, 1 cm. Beige eyestalks with white ends.

White-Dot-Eyed Clibanarius Clibanarius englaucus IP, 1,5 cm. Brown to bluish appendages with white knobs, 51
red-brown to orange eyestalks.
 Black-Striped Clibanarius Clibanarius eurysternus Small Hermit Crab Clibanarius humilis IWP, 1,2 cm.
IP, 0,5 cm. Dark stripes down white appendages. Eyestalks orange with blue stripe.
LEFT-HANDED HERMIT CRABS (DIOGENIDAE)

LEFT-HANDED HERMIT CRABS (DIOGENIDAE)

Blue-Striped Hermit Crab Clibanarius longitarsus White-Dotted Clibanarius Clibanarius snelliusi IP, 0,8
IWP, 1 cm. Legs and claws greenish with pale spots. cm. Appendages with white knobs, white eyestalks.

Lined Clibanarius Clibanarius sp. WP, 1,5 cm Brown Striped-Legged Hermit Crab Clibanarius striolatus IP,
stripes down white appendages, dark bands basally. 2 cm. Brown stripes down green legs, green eyestalks.

Yellow-Legged Hermit Crab Clibanarius virescens IWP, 2,5 cm. Green appendages with white spots on the
chelipeds. Photo on the left: juvenile.

Pale Anemone Hermit Crab Dardanus deformis IP, 3 Jeweled Anemone Hermit Crab Dardanus gemma- 52
cm. White eyestalks with dark band, green eyes. tus IWP, 5 cm. White eyestalks with dark red band.
 Blue-Spot Hermit Crab Dardanus guttatus IWP, 3 cm. Warty-Leg Hermit Crab Dardanus impressus WP, 4
Maroon white-spotted body, legs with blue spots. cm. Red banding on legs, with thin red lines basally.
LEFT-HANDED HERMIT CRABS (DIOGENIDAE)

LEFT-HANDED HERMIT CRABS (DIOGENIDAE)

Red Dardanus Dardanus jacquesi WP, 3 cm. Red- Reef Hermit Crab Dardanus lagopodes IP, 3 cm. Ma-
white coloration similar to D. impressus. roon body and legs, with dark bands on 1st segments.

White-Spotted Hermit Crab Dardanus megistos IP, 15 Bloody Hermit Crab Dardanus sanguinocarpus WCP
cm. White-spotted body and legs, deep red eyestalks. 3 cm. Red banding on legs. 3-4 sibling species in WP.

Anemone Hermit Crab Dardanus pedunculatus IWP, 5 cm. Red and white striped eyestalks, green eyes. The
most common hermit crab. Photo on the right: juvenile.

Scutella Hermit Crab Dardanus scutellatus IWP, 3 cm. Dark-Eyed Dardanus Dardanus sp. PNG, 2 cm. 53
Grey eyes with white eyestalks. Maroon eyestalks with white stripes, green eyes.
 Red Sea Anemone Hermit Crab Dardanus tinctor IO, 10 cm. Left claw with acute tubercles, green eyes. Close
to D. pedunculatus, another anemone-carrier crab.
LEFT-HANDED HERMIT CRABS (DIOGENIDAE)

LEFT-HANDED HERMIT CRABS (DIOGENIDAE)

Woodmasoni Hermit Crab Dardanus woodmasoni Pale Hermit Crab Diogenes leptocerus IP, 3 cm.
IWP, 5 cm. Legs with grey white-spotted banding. White appendages with brown banding, blue eyes.

Pale Hermit Crab Diogenes pallescens WP, 1,6 cm. Pale Hermit Crab Diogenes cf. pallescens PNG, 1,0
White eyestalks with brown rings and black marks. cm. White eyestalks with four brown rings.

Twin-Branch Hermit Crab Diogenes biramous WP, Blue Eyed Hermit Crab Diogenes sp. Indonesia, 1,5
1,5 cm. White, upturned eyestalks, pale yellow eyes. cm. Beige eyestalks, blue eyes.

Golden Hermit Crab Diogenes sp. Indonesia, 1 cm. Dark-Blotched Diogenes Diogenes sp. Philippines, 2 54
Eyestalks and antennae with golden and dark banding. cm. White eyestalks, blue eyes, dark-spotted legs.
LEFT-HANDED HERMIT CRABS (DIOGENIDAE)

LEFT-HANDED HERMIT CRABS (DIOGENIDAE)

Greenish Diogenes Diogenes sp. Philippines, 1.6 cm. Tuberculate Diogenes Diogenes spinifrons WP, 1.8
Greenish with small white spots, dark spot on the claw. cm. Legs and claws with small tubercles.

Black-Eyed Hermit Crab Paguristes jalur WP, 1,8 cm. Maroon-Striped Hermit Crab Paguristes runyanae
Black eyes on the white slightly conical eyestalks. WP, 2 cm. Maroon with yellow and white stripes.

One-Spire Hermit Crab Pseudopaguristes cf. mono- Orange Hermit Crab Pseudopaguristes kuekenthali
porus WP, 0,8 cm. Eyestalks and eyes with white lines. WP, 1,5 cm. Orange with dark spots on the chelipeds.
RIGHT-HANDED HERMIT CRABS (PAGURIDAE)

RIGHT-HANDED HERMIT CRABS (PAGURIDAE)

Red-Dotted Hermit Crab Anapagrides cf. reesei WP, Iejima Hermit Crab Catapaguroides cf. iejimaensis
2 cm. Green eyes with red dots, pink 1st antenna. WP, 1 cm. Legs with white banding and orange dots.

Kosugi Hermit Crab Catapagurus cf. kosugei IO, 1 Long-Leg Hermit Crab Catapagurus sp. IWP, 1 cm. 55
cm. Pinkish appendages with whitish 1st segment. Red dots on the eyes, eyestalks and appendages.
 Two-Horn Box Crab Calappa bicornis IP, 7 cm. Broad carapace with tuberculated surface, upper edge of claw
palm with well-defined teeth, red legs. Photo on the right: juvenile. Photo on the left courtesy A. Stoyda.

Shame-Faced Crab Calappa calappa IWP, 15 cm. Shielded Box Crab Calappa clypeata IWP, 6 cm.
BOX CRABS (CALAPPIDAE)

BOX CRABS (CALAPPIDAE)

Five long teeth on the upper edge of claw palm. Wide, finely punctate carapace. Photo: Marty Kiser.

Elongated Box Crab Calappa capellonis IWP, 5,4 cm. Big rounded flattened tubercles on carapace and claws.
Brown all over.

Rough Box Crab Calappa gallus IWP, 10 cm. Yellow legs. Red or brown, lumpy carapace. Small teeth on upper
claws. Photo on the right: juvenile.

Ocellated Box Crab Calappa liaoi WP, 5 cm. Brownish all over, big rounded tubercles on carapace and claws, 98
often with yellow spot apically.
 Undulated Box Crab Calappa undulata IWP, 6 cm. Maroon-brown with lighter coloured posterior part. Carpus
with bright yellow ocellus. Photographer: Marty Kiser
BOX CRABS (CALAPPIDAE)

BOX CRABS (CALAPPIDAE)

Spotted Box Crab Calappa philargius IWP, 10 cm. Wide uniformly light grey to pale pink carapace. Large purple
spots on the claw arms and around eyes.

Torulose Box Crab Calappa torulosa IP, 4 cm. Broad carapace with big round tubercles, often with scattered
dark spots or large dark areas.

Hepatic Box Crab Calappa hepatica IP, 9 cm. Pale Granulose Box Crab Cycloes granulosa IP, 6 cm.
eyes with dark stripes on long eyestalks. Long carapace with granules. Photo: Odd Kristensen.
MATUTIDAE
MATUTIDAE

Moon Crab Ashtoret lunaris IWP, 5,5 cm. Long eyestalks, carapace covered with numerous closely spaced fine 99
spots on yellowish background. Photo on the left: Y. Ivanov (pale form).
MOON CRABS (MATUTIDAE)

MOON CRABS (MATUTIDAE)

Miersi's Moon Crab Ashtoret miersii IWP, 3 cm. Smooth carapace with tiny red spots, interlaced with pattern of
white patches.

Common Moon Crab Matuta victor WP, 4 cm. Carapace surface with numerous black dots on grey-yellowish
background. The pereopods are bright yellow, areas near the joints purplish-red.

OZIIDAE
OZIIDAE

Vinous Mangrove Crab Baptozius vinosus IWP, 6 cm. Spotted-Belly Crab Ozius guttatus IP, 9 cm. Carapace
Oval carapace with fine granulation, 4 sharp AL teeth. with 4 teeth on the frontal margin. Photo: Ria Tan.

ERIPHIIDAE

Red Ozius Ozius rugulosus IP, 6 cm. Brown carapace Red-Eyed Rock Crab Eriphia sebana IP, 8 cm. Ovate
with fine granules, swollen claws. carapace, frontal margin with 2 lobes.
HYMENOSOMATIDAE
HYMENOSOMATIDAE

Palawan False Spider Crab Crustaenia palawanensis Triangle Crab Trigonoplax unguiformis IWP, 2 cm. 100
WP, 1.5 cm. Carapace and legs with tufts of setae. Triangular broad carapace, pale legs.
 HEXAPODIDAE
DAIRIDAE

Javelin Daira Daira perlata IP, 8 cm. Brown oval Simple 6-Feet Crab Hexapinus simplex WP, 1,5 cm.
carapace and claw arms with rounded lobules. Hexapodidae are unique in absence of last legs.
DOMECIIDAE

DOMECIIDAE
Triangular Coral Crab Cherusius triunguiculatus IP, 3 Shaggy Domecia Domecia hispida Circumtropical, 2
cm. Pale with red granules on carapace and claws. cm. Brown-bluish, spines on the carapace and claws.

Smooth Domecia Domecia glabra IP, 2 cm. Pale with Red-Spotted Domecia Domecia sp. WP, 2 cm. Cara-
white spines on the carapace, chelipeds and legs. pace with granules, frontal margin with orange line.

CORAL CRABS (TETRALIIDAE)

CORAL CRABS (TETRALIIDAE)

Pale Face Coral Crab Tetralia cinctipes IP, 1,5 cm. Red-Finger Tetralia Tetralia rubridactyla IP, 2 cm.
Brown with pale frontal margin, white eyes. Dactylus (moveable finger) with red spot.

Pale Tetralia Tetralia glaberrimma IP, 1,5 cm. Frontal margin with thin red stripe, legs with small red and dark-blue 110
spots. Associated with Acropora branching corals.
TETRALIIDAE

TETRALIIDAE
Black-Line Tetralia Tetralia nigrolineata IP, 2 cm. Pale or white carapace, frontal margin outlined with thin blue
lines. Associated with Acropora branching corals.

Hairy Coral Crab Quadrella boopsis IP, 2 cm, on Crowned Coral Crab Quadrella coronata IP, 2 cm, on
Tubastrea corals. Red carapace with small tubercles. soft corals. Hexagonal carapace with 4 triangular lobes.
CORAL CRABS (TRAPEZIDAE)

CORAL CRABS (TRAPEZIDAE)

Black Coral Crab Quadrella maculosa IP, 2 cm, on black corals. Reddish-brown, almost black or white with
black stripes, reddish eyes.

Serene's Black Coral Crab Quadrella serenei IP, 2 cm, on black corals. Yellow eyes, yellow bands on walking legs 111
(basally, near carapace and around dactyl).
 Two Teeth Guard Crab Trapezia bidentata IP, 1,5 cm. Pink Trapeze Crab Trapezia cymodoce IP, 2,5 cm. Row
Pale with pink eyes or yellow with black yes. of red dots on the carapace, dark spot on the dactylus.
CORAL CRABS (TRAPEZIDAE)

CORAL CRABS (TRAPEZIDAE)

Dark Coral Crab Trapezia digitalis IP, 2 cm. Brown Yellow Dotted Guard Crab Trapezia lutea IP, 1,5 cm.
carapace, chelipeds and ambulatory legs, pink eyes. Orange all over, black eyes, brown fingers.

Spotted-Leg Guard Grab Trapezia guttata IP, 1,5 cm. Pale carapace, pink eyes, dark line on carapace margin
between eyes, wavy lines on claw arms, legs with spots on the merus and lines on the propodus and dactylus.

Red-Spotted Guard Crab Trapezia rufopunctata IP, Honeycomb Guard Crab Trapezia septata IP, 1,5 cm.
1,5 cm. 100-200 small red spots, yellow eyes. Cream carapace with network of red lines.

Serene's Guard Crab Trapezia serenei WP, 2 cm. Red-Spotted Guard Crab Trapezia tigrina IP, 2 cm. 112
Pink with purplish borders, white eyes. Carapace with with 50-100 red spots, greenish eyes.
 IPHICULIDAE
AETHRIDAE

Eroded Crab Drachiella angulata WP, 3 cm. Carapace Toothed-Fingers Crab Iphiculus spongiosus IWP, 25
with flattened granules, engraved with deep grooves. mm. Carapace with pubescence and small granules.

Hexagonal Purse Crab Cryptocnemus planus WP, 1 Flat-Head Purse Crab Cryptocnemus cf. haddoni
cm. Hexagonal wide carapace with fine orange lines. WP, 2 cm. Pentagonal carapace, flattened chelipeds.
PURSE CRABS (LEUCOSIIDAE)

PURSE CRABS (LEUCOSIIDAE)

Beautiful Alox Alox naispela PNG, Philippines 1,5 cm. Carapace with distinct rim formed by the upturned
margins. Chelipeds and ambulatory legs with dark red spots.

Spiny Arcania Arcania erinacea IP, 3 cm. Globular carapace with spine-like granules and 11 large spines.
Coloration variable, from maroon to yellow and orange.

Round Arcania Arcania globata WP, 1,2 cm. Carapace Slender Arcania Arcania gracilis IP, 2 cm. Carapace 113
with sharp spinules and 11 large spines, banded legs. with 5 marginal spines and red white-bordered ocellus.
 Spiky Arcania Arcania novemspinosa WP, 2 cm. Tropical Purse Crab Arcania tropicalis WP, 2 cm.
Granulous carapace with 11 large spinules. Globular orange carapace with small sharp spinules.
PURSE CRABS (LEUCOSIIDAE)

PURSE CRABS (LEUCOSIIDAE)

Seven-Spine Crab Arcania septemspinosa IWP, 2 cm. Fleeting Purse Crab Myra fugax IP, 2,5 cm. Brown-
Red carapace with fine granules. Photo: Iain Fraser. purplish, covered by fine granules.

Grand Myra Myra grandis IP, 4 cm. Smooth, shiny carapace, pink with pale areas, pink walking legs. Slender
chelipeds with yellowish dentate pincers.

White-Cuffs Purse Crab Myra curtimana WP, 3 cm. Sharp-Tail Purse Crab Myrine acutidens WP, minute-
Carapace and banded chelipeds coarsely granulate. ly granulate carapace, 5 tubercles in the median line.

Triple-Tail Purse Crab Myrine kessleri IP, 2,5 cm. Blunt-Pointed Raylilia Raylilia coniculifera WP, 1,2 cm. 114
Ovoid carapace with 3-lobed posterior margin. Merus with 2 red bands, 3 midlateral marginal spines.
 Gnarled Purse Crab Raylilia uenoi WP, 2 cm. Two midlateral marginal spines, banded legs. Sand and mud
slopes. Photo on the left: unusual coloration.
PURSE CRABS (LEUCOSIIDAE)

PURSE CRABS (LEUCOSIIDAE)

Rubble Mimic Crab Ebalia sp. Philippines, 1 cm. Cara- Sculptured Clutch Crab Ebalia cf. cariosa Indonesia,
pace and chelipeds paved with small round tubercles. 1,5 cm. Close to Caribbean species, E. cariosa.

Deceptive Heterolithadia Heterolithadia fallax IP, 3 cm. Slim red legs, carapace and claw arms are covered by
mushroom-like granules.

Pearl Granulate Purse Crab Heteronucia perlata WP, Raspberry Crab Heteronucia sp. WP, 1 cm. Pale
2 cm. White granulous carapace and legs. ID tentative. eyes, pinkish carapace with short setae.

Dark-Spotted Purse Crab Heteronucia sp. WP, 1,2 cm. Snowy Purse Crab Heteronucia sp. Indonesia, 1 cm. 115
Reddish with symmetrical dark spots on the carapace. White granulous carapace with dark spots.
 Pretty Рeteronucia Heteronucia venusta WP, 2 cm. Pink Nucia Nucia cf. rosea WP, 2 cm. Pale brown-
Carapace with tubercles, white with red pattern. spotted granulous carapace, brownish chelipeds.
PURSE CRABS (LEUCOSIIDAE)

PURSE CRABS (LEUCOSIIDAE)

Specious Purse Crab Nucia speciosa IP, 4 cm. White with small red granules, brown eyes. Broad granulated
carapace with 2-lobed front, 5 tubercles on the each side and 2 on the posterior border.

Extended Ixa Crab Ixa aff. inermis PNG, Australia, 5 cm. Yellow-reddish carapace with lateral extensions. The
lobes in posterior part are not distinct. Photo on the left courtesy Marty Kiser, right - Bill Bell.

Apricot Purse Crab Pseudophilyra sp. Philippines, 2 Olive Purse Crab Pseudophilyra sp. Philippines, 3
cm. Apricot carapace, merus with yellow granules. cm. Olive smooth carapace, merus with pale granules.

Orange-Banded Purse Crab Pseudophilyra sp. Indonesia, 1,5 cm. Merus with band of small orange granules, 116
orange fingers.
 Pebble Crab Leucosia anatum IWP, 5 cm. Convex rhomboidal carapace with four dark red ring markings. Sand
and rubble slopes, hides during the day.
PURSE CRABS (LEUCOSIIDAE)

PURSE CRABS (LEUCOSIIDAE)

Netted Leucosia Leucosia sp. Indonesia, Philippines, 3 cm. Convex carapace with network of brown lines.
Marginal line with red spots around carapace. Photo on the left: mating.

Dark-Spotted Leucosia Leucosia craniolaris WP, 4 cm. Mapped Purse Crab Leucosia sp. Indonesia, 2 cm.
Olive-grey convex carapace with symmetrical spots. Beige carapace with fine brown reticulation.

Grey-Olive Purse Crab Soceulia sp. Philipines, 3 cm. Nut Crab Urnalana elata IWP, 2 cm. Orange with
Walking legs, chelipeds with yellow bands near joints. distinctive cross-like pale spot on carapace.

Bristly Purse Crab Urnalana hirsuta Taiwan, Strait-Front Purse Crab Urnalana sp. IO (Maldives), 3 117
Philippines. Subpentagonal carapace with short setae. cm. Orange carapace with whitish mottling.
 Island Urnalana Urnalana insularis IWP, 3 cm. Mottled carapace with indistinct symmetrically disposed
brownish or orange areas.
PURSE CRABS (LEUCOSIIDAE)

PURSE CRABS (LEUCOSIIDAE)

Bulbous Purse Crab Urnalana purarensis PO, 2,5 cm. Posterior margin of cheliped merus with 6-7 granules,
banded walking legs.

Red Purse Crab Urnalana sp. Philippines, 2,5 cm. Purplish carpus with round granules, red carapace, whitish
posteriorly, white legs with red banding.

Flat Purse Crab Urnalana sp. Indonesia, 2 cm. Extended Purse Crab Urnalana sp. Philippines, 2 cm.
Flattened orange-brown carapace, brown manus. IT. Purplish carapace with symmetrical orange lines.

White Purse Crab Urnalana sp. Indonesia, 2 cm. White carapace with indistinct orange-brown lines. Walking legs 118
white with orange spots.
 INDEX
Achaeus, 125 Camposcia, 125 Domecia, 110 Heteroplax, 91
Actaea, 73 Cantellius, 146 Dorippe, 127 Hexapinus, 110
Actaeodes, 73 Caphyra, 101 Drachiella, 113 Hippa, 66
Actinimenes, 11 Cardiodectes, 142 Dromidiopsis, 133 Hippolyte, 33
Actiomera, 84 Carpilius, 91 Ebalia, 115 Hirsutodynomene, 135
Actumnus, 93 Catapaguroides, 55 Echinoecus, 92 Hoplophrys, 122
Alcyonohippolyte, 33 Catapagurus, 55 Enoplometopus, 49 Huenia, 122
Aliaporcellana, 66 Ceradocus, 141 Enosteoides, 67 Hyastenus, 122
Alima, 139 Cerapus, 140 Eodromia, 133 Hymenocera, 38
Allogalathea, 61 Ceratocarcinus, 92 Epiactaea, 74 Hypocolpus, 82
Allopontonia, 10 Ceratoconcha, 146 Epialtidae, 124 Idiomysis, 145
Alox, 113 Chalaroachaeus, 125 Eriphia, 100 Iphiculus, 113
Alpheopsis, 30 Charybdis, 101 Ethusa, 127 Iphimedia, 141
Alpheus, 23 Chelarctus, 48 Etisus, 79 Ischnopontonia, 18
Ampithoidae, 141 Chelonibia, 147 Eucalliax, 47 Ixa, 116
Anapagrides, 55 Cherusius, 110 Eucrate, 91 Izucaris, 12
Anchiopontonia, 22 Chlorocurtis, 38 Euxanthus, 81 Jocaste, 18
Anchistus, 22 Chlorodiella, 76 Exoclimenella, 21 Justitia, 47
Ancylocaris, 11 Cilicaea, 144 Fizesereneia, 129 Laleonectes, 102
Ancylomenes, 11 Cilicaeopsis, 144 Forestiana, 74 Lambrachaeus, 120
Aniculus, 50 Ciliopagurus, 51 Gaillardiellus, 74 Laomenes, 7
Anilocra, 143 Cinetorhynchus, 39 Galathea, 61 Latreillia, 135
Anoplodactylus, 135 Clibanarius, 51 Gecarcoidea, 129 Latreutes, 33
Araiopontonia, 7 Coenobita, 60 Gelasimus, 132 Laurea, 64
Arcania, 113 Colomastix, 141 Gelastocaris, 33 Lauridromia, 134
Arcotheres, 128 Conchodytes, 22 Geograpsus, 130 Leander, 15
Arete, 30 Conopea, 146 Gibbularctus, 48 Lepas, 147
Ascidiophilus, 133 Corallianassa, 47 Glabropilumnus, 94 Leptodius, 86
Ashtoret, 99 Coralliocaris, 17 Glypturus, 47 Leptomithrax, 126
Atergatis, 88 Coralliogalathea, 61 Gnathophylloides, 38 Lernaeopodidae, 142
Atergatopsis, 90 Crustaenia, 100 Gnathophyllum, 38 Leucosia, 117
Athanas, 29 Cryptodromia, 133 Gomeza, 121 Lewindromia, 134
Athanopsis, 29 Cryptopodia, 119 Gonioinfradens, 101 Libystes, 102
Aulacolambrus, 119 Cuapetes, 20 Goniosupradens, 102 Liomera, 83
Austruca, 132 Cycloachelous, 102 Gonodactylaceus, 136 Lipkemenes, 10
Axiidae, 46 Cyclocoeloma, 126 Gonodactylus, 136 Lissocarcinus, 102
Axiopsis, 46 Cyclodius, 77 Grapsus, 130 Lissoporcellana, 67
Banareia, 76 Cycloes, 99 Hamodactylus, 14 Lophoplax, 94
Baptozius, 100 Cymo, 79 Hamopontonia, 12 Lophozozymus, 89
Biarctus, 48 Cymothoa, 143 Hapalocarcinus, 128 Luniella, 78
Brachycarpus, 15 Cyproideidae, 141 Haptosquilla, 138 Lupocycloporus, 103
Brucecaris, 7 Dactylonia, 19 Harpacticoida, 142 Lupocyclus, 103
Bruciana, 83 Daira, 110 Harpiliopsis, 17 Lybia, 85
Caecopilumnus, 93 Daldorfia, 119 Harpilius, 18 Lysianassidae, 141
Calappa, 98 Dardanus, 52 Harrovia, 92 Lysiosquilla, 137
Calcinus, 50 Darwiniella, 147 Hayashidonus, 40 Lysiosquillina, 136
Callianassidae, 47 Dasycaris, 14 Heterolithadia, 115 Lysiosquilloides, 137
Callianidea, 47 Demania, 86 Heteronucia, 115 Lysmata, 34
Calmania, 94 Diogenes, 54 Heteropaenus, 42
Calvactaea, 76 Discoplax, 129 Heteropilumnus, 94 148
 INDEX
Lysmatella, 35 Oplophorus, 39 Plagusia, 131 Stegopontonia, 10
Macromedaeus, 85 Oratosquilla, 139 Platypodia, 90 Stenopus, 45
Macrophthalmus, 131 Orthoprotella, 140 Pliopontonia, 13 Stenothoidae, 142
Manipontonia, 15 Oxinasphaera, 144 Polyonyx, 71 Stilbognathus, 123
Matuta, 100 Ozius, 100 Pontonides, 15 Sulcodius, 79
Medaeops, 82 Pachycheles, 69 Pontoniopsis, 9 Synalpheus, 31
Menaethius, 123 Pachygrapsus, 131 Porcellana, 72 Takedromia, 134
Merguia, 32 Paguridae, 56 Porcellanella, 72 Tanaidacea, 145
Metapenaeopsis, 42 Paguristes, 55 Porcellanopagurus, 59 Tanaocheles, 91
Metapenaeus, 43 Paguritta, 56 Portunus, 104 Tetraclita, 147
Metapontonia, 18 Pagurixus, 57 Processidae, 40 Tetralia, 110
Metaprotella, 140 Pagurus, 58 Protella, 140 Tetrias, 128
Metasesarma, 129 Palaemon, 15 Psaumis, 75 Thalamita, 105
Metopograpsus, 130 Palaemonella, 9 Pseudocryptochirus, 129 Thalamitoides, 108
Micippa, 126 Palaemonella, 15 Pseudograpsus, 131 Thaumastocaris, 16
Micippoides, 123 Palapedia, 83 Pseudolambrus, 120 Thenus, 49
Micropagurus, 56 Palicidae, 121 Pseudoliomera, 75 Thinora, 37
Microsthema, 44 Palinurellus, 47 Pseudopaguristes, 55 Thor, 37
Miopontonia, 15 Panulirus, 47 Pseudopalicus, 121 Thorella, 36
Miropandalus, 38 Parabopyrella, 143 Pseudophilyra, 116 Thranita, 108
Monomia, 103 Paractaea, 75 Pseudosquilla, 139 Tiaramedon, 93
Munida, 65 Paralatreutes, 34 Pullosquilla, 137 Tiarinia, 127
Myra, 114 Paramesopodopsis, 145 Pylopaguropsis, 59 Tozeuma, 37
Myrine, 114 Parasesarma, 129 Pyrgomatidae, 146 Trapezia, 112
Mysidae, 145 Paratymolus, 126 Quadrella, 111 Trichia, 76
Nanocassiope, 88 Paraxanthias, 87 Quadrisegmentum, 140 Trichoplatus, 126
Naxiodes, 123 Paraxiopsis, 46 Ranina, 135 Trigonoplax, 100
Nematopagurus, 56 Paretisus, 81 Rapipontonia, 16 Tubuca, 132
Neoanchistus, 22 Parhippolyte, 40 Raylilia, 114 Tuleariocaris, 10
Neocallichirus, 47 Parribacus, 49 Rhinolambrus, 120 Tumidodromia, 134
Neoliomera, 84 Parthenope, 120 Rhopalione, 143 Turleania, 60
Neopetrolisthes, 69 Penaeus, 43 Rhynchocinetes, 40 Tweedieia, 79
Neosarmatium, 129 Percnon, 131 Sadayoshia, 65 Tylocarcinus, 124
Neostylodactylus, 39 Periclimenaeus, 19 Salmoneus, 30 Upogebia, 46
Neotroglocarcinus, 129 Periclimenella, 18 Sandimenes, 10 Urnalana, 117
Neoxanthops, 87 Periclimenes, 9 Santia, 144 Urocaridella, 17
Nerocila, 144 Permanotus, 92 Saron, 35 Uroptychus, 60
Nikione, 143 Petalomera, 134 Schizophrys, 126 Vellumnus, 97
Nikoides, 40 Petrolisthes, 70 Scylla, 104 Vercoia, 37
Nobia, 146 Phalangipus, 123 Scyllarides, 48 Viaderiana, 97
Notonyx, 121 Philarius, 18 Selwynia, 128 Vir, 13
Nucia, 116 Photidae, 141 Serenius, 76 Vojmirophthalmus, 109
Nymphon, 135 Phycocaris, 35 Shirostylus, 60 Xenocarcinus, 124
Octolasmis, 147 Phycomenes, 16 Sicyonia, 44 Xiphonectes, 108
Ocypode, 132 Phylladiorhynchus, 65 Soceulia, 117 Zebrida, 92
Odontodactylus, 137 Phyllognathia, 38 Solenocera, 43 Zehntneriana, 97
Odontonia, 19 Pilodius, 78 Soliella, 78 Zenopontonia, 10
Odontozona, 45 Pilumnid, 94 Solitariopagurus, 59 Zosimus, 90
Ogyrides, 32 Pilumnus, 96 Sphaeroma, 144
Oncinopus, 125 Pinnotheridae, 128 Spiropagurus, 60 149
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