■ Load- The weight carried by the lever is called load.

4.6 Lever and Simple Machines ■ Theory of Lever- The basic physical principle on
Simple Machines: Simple machines are basic which a lever operates is the product of effort and
mechanical devices that can make tasks easier by effort-arm is equal to the product of the load and
altering the force required to perform them. There are load-arm.
six types of simple machines: the lever, wheel and Thus; Effort x Effort-arm = Load × Load-arm
axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, and screw.
■ Torque or moment of a force- The turning effect of
a force about a point or a line is called the moment of
force about that point or line which is called axis of
rotation. The turning effect of a force is dependent on
the magnitude of the force and the perpendicular
distance of its line of action from the axis of rotation.
Thus the moment of the force (F) × Perpendicular Effort – arm = EF
distance (d). Load – arm = FL
■ Mechanical Advantage of lever- The ratio of the
load carried by the lever to the effort applied is called
the mechanical advantage of the lever.
Load or weight (L)
Thus; Mechanical advantage =
Effort (E)
but we known that
Where, effort arm (EF)= distance between the
fulcrum and the effort.
Where, θ = angle between the force and the position And load arm (LF) = Distance between the fulcrum
vector. and the load.
The moment of a force or Torque is a vector quantity Effort × Effort – arm = Load × Load – arm
and its S.I unit is N-m. Load (L) Effort – arm (EF)
1. Lever- Lever is a simple machine in which a straight =
Effort (E) Load – arm (LF)
or an inclined rod is made to turn or rotate at a point
freely or independently. In every lever there are three ■ Types of Lever- There are three types of lever.
points namely- Fulcrum, Effort and Load. (i) First Type of Lever- In this type of lever the
Example- Tongs, nut cracker, scissors, fishing Rod, fulcrum (F) is at midway between Effort (E) and
stapler etc. weight or Load (L).
■ Fulcrum- The fixed point about which the rod of the Load or weight (L)
lever moves independently is called fulcrum. Mechanical advantage =
Effort (E)
■ Fulcrum is also called support point.
EF Effort – arm
MA = =
LF Load – arm

Scissors
■ Effort- To use (operate) lever the force applied
externally is called effort. Examples- Scissors, brakes of a bicycle our hand
pushing an object or seesaws, crowbars. Pulling a nail
out of a wooden plank also represents a first - class
level.
■ First type of lever, mechanical advantage is equal to 1
or greater than 1 or less than 1.
Thus, EF = LF or, EF > LF or, EF < LF
(ii) Second Type of lever- In this type of lever the
load (L) is at midway between the Fulcrum (F) and
Nut cracker Effort (E).

General Physics 390 YCT

 Load (L) Effort – arm ( EF ) ■ Example of first class lever are
Mechanicaladvantage = = - pliers (cutting pliers), scissors, a crow bar,
Effort (E) Load – arm ( LF )
a claw hammer,(Jambura) a see saw, hand
Example- Nut cracker, Lemon Squeezer Doors/gates pump handle, bent rod etc.
bottle openers, nail clippers, staplers etc. 1
■ EF > LF, It's mechanical advantage is greater than ■ The velocity ratio of an inclined plane is -
sinθ
one. ■ The velocity ratio of a wheel and axle is
D
- where, D is diameter of wheel and d is
d
diameter of axle.
■ The velocity ratio of a differential wheel and axle
(iii) Third Type of Lever- In this type of lever the with D as the diameter of effort wheel and d1 and d2
Effort is located at midway between the fulcrum (F) as the diameter of larger and smaller axles
and the weight (or) Load (L). 2D
respectively, will be -
Load (L) Effort – arm ( EF ) d1 – d 2
Mechanical Load = = = ■ The formula for the efficiency of the machine is
Effort (E) Load – arm ( LF )
work output
- η=
work input
or
mechanical advantage(M.A.)
η=
■ EF < LF, It's mechanical advantage is less than one. velocity ratio (V.R.)
Example- Tongs, plough of the farmers, hands of a ■ The mechanical advantage of class III lever is
man, Fishing rod, A baseball bat etc. - Less than one
2. Wheel and Axle: The wheel and axle consist of a ■ The mechanical advantage of a fixed pulley is - One
wheel attached to a smaller axle. It is used to reduce 2πL
■ The velocity ratio of a screw jack will be -
friction and make it easier to move objects, like a P
doorknob or a car's steering wheel. Where, L is the radius of the arm of rotation of the
3. Pulley: A pulley is a simple machine consisting of a handle, P is pitch or distance between
grooved wheel and rope or cable. It can change the two consecutive threads
direction of force or multiply the force applied when ■ In which of the three types of levers is the effort
lifting objects . There are fixed and movable pulleys. located between the load and the fulcrum.
4. Inclined Plane: An inclined plane is a flat surface - Class III lever
■ The ratio of the distance displaced by the effort to the
that is tilted at an angle. It reduces the amount of
distance displaced by the load is called- Velocity
force required to lift an object by increasing the
ratio
distance over which the force is applied, like a ramp. ■ Dumpster, pitch bar and boat's pole are example of
5. Wedge: A wedge is a simple machine with two - Second class lever
inclined planes back to back it is used for splitting ■ The velocity ratio of the third system of pulleys is
cutting, or holding objects in place, like a knife or an - 2n – 1
axe. ■ In the first system of pulleys, the velocity ratio is - 2n
6. Screw: A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a ■ The gond dani is made in the shape of a cone because
central shaft. It converts rotational motion into linear - Its center of gravity lies far below
motion and is used in various applications, from that's why it is not rolling.
fastening screws to lifting loads. ■ The center of gravity of the circle is - At its centre
Exam Pointer ■ The mechanical advantage of a lever will always be
■ The ratio of the load and the effort exerted on a less than one, if
- Effort lies between the load and fulcrum
machine is called - Mechanical advantage
■ The relation between mechanical advantage (MA),
■ In bell crank lever, the arms are bent - At right angle
load (L)
2R load (L) and force/effort (E) are - MA =
■ The velocity ratio of a differential pulley is - effort (E)
(R – r)
or
■ If the body remains in the state of rest condition L = MA ×E
under the influence of the applied forces, the body is ■ If the line of action of a force passes through the axis,
said to be - Static equilibrium then torque will be - Zero
■ The applications of class III lever are ■ If on a body which is free to rotate about a point if
- Fishing rod, broom, baseball, bat, a bow and many forces are applied but the body is in
arrow and human jaw, human hand, equilibrium, then the algebraic sum of the moments
lever safety valve, fire tong etc. of all those forces will be - Zero
General Physics 391 YCT
■ When the distance between two machine is large then ■ Mechanical advantage of movable pulley is -2
at this time machine used -Pulley ■ Mechanical advantage due to addition of pulley is
■ Pulley changes the direction of -Force -Increase
■ Pulley is usually made -Cast Iron ■ The effect on energy in pulley system - Constant
■ No. of arms in Pulley -4 to 6 ■ The centre of attraction of pulley at its -Centre
■ The number of force act on pulley will be -2 ■ In pulley system the weight of pulley and rope are
■ The speed of pulley of pulse of one square inch section -Zero
should be -100 FPS ■ If θ<φ then mechanical advantage is -Negative
■ In order to gain more speed, the pulley is made of ■ If θ>φ then mechanical advantage is -Positive
-Combination of a+b.

Previous Year Questions

1. Two children, weighing 30 kg and 15 kg, sit on 3. Find the efficiency of a pulley system which has
one side of a see-saw at a distance of 1 m and a mechanical advantage of 2.5 and where the
1.2 m respectively, from the fulcrum. A boy of load lifts by 2.5 meters on pulling the rope by
10m.
'M' kg sits on the other side of the see-saw at a
(a) 40.00% (b) 100.00%
distance of 1.2 m from the fulcrum, and the
(c) 25.00% (d) 62.50%
see-saw is in equilibrium. Find value of M.
RRB ALP & Tech. 23.01.2019 Shift-I
(a) 45 (b) 48
Ans : (d) Mechanical advantage · 2.5
(c) 40 (d) 36
Velocity ratio = 10
RRB ALP & Tech. 23.01.2019 Shift-I
 Mechanical advantage 
Ans : (c) Efficienty =  
 Velocity ratio 
2.5
= × 100%
4
= 62.50%
4. Which of the following is an example of a
Torque (τ) = Force × perpendicular distance of force second class lever?
From point O. (a) Ice tongs (b) Pliers
τ=F×r (c) Wheel barrow (d) See-saw
= (m × g) × r RRB ALP & Tech. 23.01.2019 Shift-II
M × g × 1.2 = 30 × g × 1 + 15 × g × 1.2 Ans : (c) Second class lever:- In this class of levers the
1.2 × Mg = g (30 + 15 × 1.2) load is situated between the fulcrum and the support. In
this type of levers the mechanical advantage is always
1.2 M = 30 +18
more than one for example. pliers, lemon squeezer,
1.2 M = 48 stapler, wheel barrow etc. So wheel barrow is an
48 example of a second class levers.
M= = 40
1.2 5. Find the efficiency of a pulley system which has a
Mechanical advantage of 3.6 and where the load
M = 40kg
lifts by 1.6 meters on pulling the rope by 8 m.
2. Which of the following is an example of a first (a) 64% (b) 81%
class lever? (c) 90% (d) 72%
(a) Wheel barrow (b) A pair of scissors RRB ALP & Tech. 08.02.2019 Shift-I
(c) Ice tongs (d) Nut cracker Ans : (d) : Given,
RRB ALP & Tech. 23.01.2019 Shift-I Mechanical advantage = 3.6
Ans : (b) Lever:- It is the most basic machine which is
used to do some work with minimum effort. Distance covered by the efforts
Velecity ratio (VR) =
First class lever – In the first class lever, the fulcrum is Distance covered by the weight
situated between the load and the inertia. Like – 8m
scissors, swing, Hand pump, see-saw, pliers etc. VR = =5m
1.6 m
Second class lever –Lemon squeezer, wheel barrow,
Nut cracker, doors or gates, bottle opener, nail clippers. Now the efficiency of pulley system = 3.6 ×100 = 72%
Third class lever – Fishing rod, broom, human arm 5
General Physics 392 YCT
6. Which of the following is an example of a first 10
class lever? 20 × 10
(a) ice tongs (b) wheel barrow Hence efficiency = 5 × 100 = × 100
50 50 × 5
(c) nut crackers (d) pliers
20
RRB ALP & Tech. 08.02.2019 Shift-I
 20000 
Ans : (d) : From the given option ‘pliers’ is an example Efficiency =  = 80% 
of first class of the levers. In this type of levers, the  250 
fulcrum is between the load and the effort. 11. In practice, the work output of a machine is
7. If a machine overcomes a load 'L' and the ______ the work input due to the effect of
friction.
distance travelled by the load is 'Ld', the work
done by the load will be........... (a) always zero to (b) always more than
(c) always less than (d) opposite to
1
(a) (b) L×Ld RRB ALP & Tech. 22.01.2019 Shift-I
L × Ld
Ans : (c) While doing work, the work output of the
Ld L machine is always less than the work input due to the
(c) (d)
L Ld effort of friction.
RRB ALP & Tech. 23.01.2019 Shift-III 12. The efficiency of a machine can never be––––.
Ans : (b) Weight of the machine = L (a) 100% (b) 75%
Distance covered by the load = Ld (c) 50% (d) 10%
Work done by the weight = weight × distance covered RRB ALP & Tech. 22.01.2019 Shift-I
by the weight = L × Ld Ans : (a) The efficiency of any machine can never be
8. The effort in a class 1 lever in .......... 100% because the energy supplied by the machine as
directions(s). output is less than the energy provided as input to the
(a) multiple (b) one machine and some of the input energy in the machine is
spent in the form of heat or sound energy to reduce the
(c) two (d) three
friction produced in the machine.
RRB ALP & Tech. 23.01.2019 Shift-III
13. The force applied to overcome a load is called
Ans : (b) In class (1) lever, the effort is in one ________.
direction. In this type of lever, the fulcrum is always (a) Weight
located between the load and the effort. Like scissors, (b) velocity ratio
pliers. Its mechanical advantage can be equal to one or
(c) mechanical advantage
less than one.
(d) effort
9. The ratio of the velocity of a simple machine is RRB ALP & Tech. 22.01.2019 Shift-I
the ratio of the distance travelled by ___ to the
Ans : (d) The force applied to overcome a load is
distance traveled by ____ in the machine.
called effort.
(a) load, load (b) effort, load
14. Which statement with regard to Class 2 lever is
(c) load, effort (d) effort, effort
true?
RRB ALP & Tech. 23.01.2019 Shift-III (a) The mechanical advantage is always less than
Ans : (b) Velocity ratio of a simple machine 1
distance traveled by effort (b) The effort is between the load and the
= fulcrum
distance moved by load
(c) The fulcrum is near the effort
10. An effort of 5 units is applied on a 10-unit load. (d) The load is in between the effort and the
The distance travelled by the effort and the fulcrum
load are 50 and 20 units, respectively. Find the RRB ALP & Tech. 22.01.2019 Shift-II
efficiency of this machine.
Ans : (d) : In the lever of class (2) load is always
(a) 70% (b) 80% situated between the base and the effort. Their
(c) 50% (d) 60% mechanical advantages is always more than 1.
RRB ALP & Tech. 22.01.2019 Shift-I 15. Which statement with regard to class 3 lever is
Ans : (b) According to the question - true?
 mechanical advantages  (a) The fulcrum is between the load and the
Efficiency =   ×100 effort
 velocity ratio  (b) The fulcrum is near the effort
load or weight  10  (c) The effort is between the load and the
Machanical advantages = =  fulcrum
effort  5
(d) The load is in between the effort and the
 Distance traveled by effort  50
Velocity ratio =   = fulcrum
 Distance traveled by weight  20 RRB ALP & Tech. 22.01.2019 Shift-II
General Physics 393 YCT
Ans: (c) In class (3) (circular type) lever, the effort 3. Tweezers, stapler, hockey stick and hands holding
always remains between the load and the base. Example weight on the palm. Wheel barrow is an example of a
human hand, plow etc. second class lever.
16. Identify the one that is not a class 1 lever. 21. The ratio of resistance to overcome to the effort
(a) Pliers (b) Scissors applied is referred to as :
(c) See-Saw (d) Nut cracker (a) Velocity of effort
RRB ALP & Tech. 22.01.2019 Shift-II (b) Velocity of load
Ans : (d) : In the first class levers the fulcrum is (c) Load
situated between the load and the force (effort). Among (d) Mechanical advantage
the given options, but nut cracker is a second class lever RRB ALP & Tech. 21.01.2019 Shift-I
while pliers, scissors and see – saw are first class lever. Ans : (d) : The ratio of the force generated by a
17. In a class 3 lever, the effort and load move: mechanical advantages i.e. the ratio of the force applied
(a) In the same direction and the resistance required to balance the force applied
(b) In the opposite direction on an object is called mechanical advantage.
(c) Depending on the load 22. The work output of a machine is less than the
(d) In the perpendicular direction work input due to the effect of––––––.
RRB ALP & Tech. 22.01.2019 Shift-II (a) Friction (b) Velocity
Ans : (a) : In the third class of levers, the effort is (c) Effort (d) Mass
situated between the support and the load. In this, the RRB ALP & Tech. 22.01.2019 Shift-III
weight and effort move in the same direction. Ans : (a) The work output of a machine is always less
18. A bearing or other device is needed to hold the than the work input due to the effect of friction.
beam in .............. lever/levers. The work output of a machine is never equal to the
(a) Class 2 (b) Class 1 and 3 work input because some of the work done by the
(c) Class 3 (d) Class 1 machine is used to overcome the friction reated by the
RRB ALP & Tech. 21.01.2019 Shift-I use of the device.
Ans : (c) : In class III levers, bearing or other devices 23. The efficiency of a simple machine is
are required to hold the beam as pivots otherwise the determined in terms of ––––––––.
tension will pull the arm from the base. (a) Mechanical Advantage/Velocity ratio
(b) 1/(Velocity Ratio × Mechanical Advantage)
19. If we compare the effort arm length with the
(c) Velocity Ratio/Mechanical Advantage
load arm length in a class 3 lever, then which of
the below is true ? (d) Velocity Ratio × Mechanical Advantage
(a) effort arm length is always > load arm length RRB ALP & Tech. 22.01.2019 Shift-III
(b) effort arm length can be greater than, equal to Ans : (a) The ratio of the produced force ( output force)
or less than the length of the load arm and the applied force (input force) is called mechanical
(c) effort arm length is always = load arm length advantage. The efficiency of a simple instrument or
(d) effort arm length is always < load arm length simple machine is determined in terms of mechanical
advantage/ velocity ratio.
RRB ALP & Tech. 21.01.2019 Shift-I
24. Ideal machines are those hypothetical
Ans : (d) : If we compare the length of the effort arm machines, which ––––––––.
and the length of the load arm in the third class lever.
(a) have zero velocity (b) are frictionless
then the length of the effort arm is always less than the
(c) are weighless (d) are effortless
length of the load arm.
RRB ALP & Tech. 22.01.2019 Shift-III
20. Identify which of the below is not a Class 3
Ans : (b) Ideal machines are those hypothetical
lever. machines, which are frictionless.
(a) Tweezers (b) Stapler
25. Find the velocity ratio of a pulley system if it
(c) Hockey stick (d) Wheelbarrow
has an efficiency of 50%. It lifts a load of 250 N
RRB ALP & Tech. 21.01.2019 Shift-I on applying an effort of 100 N.
Ans : (d) : A third class lever is one in which the effort (a) 5 (b) 2.5
(E) is found between the fulcrum (F) and the load (W). (c) 10 (d) 7.5
The third class of lever is different from the first and RRB ALP & Tech. 21.01.2019 Shift-II
second class because it has a momentum multiplier
Ans : (a) : Given,
instead of a force multiplier, so to move an object in a
third class of levermore force is required. efficiency = 50%
Example of third class levers are as follows - weight = 250 N
1. Fishing rod effort = 100N
2. Cricket bat velocity ratio = ?

General Physics 394 YCT

  mechanical advantage  Ans: (a) Mechanical advantages = 40
efficiency =  × 100  Velocity ratio = 50
 velecity ratio 
 Mechaical advantage 
∵ Mechnical advantage = 
weight  Efficiency =   ×100
  velocity ratio 
 effort 
40
250 = × 100
∴ Mechnical advantage = = 2.5N 50
100 = 80%
 mechanical advantage  28. Scissors belong to the category of simple
So, velocity ratio =  
 efficiency  machines called levers. It is a first class lever
because–
 2.5  (a) Fulcrum (fixed point) is between load and
= 
 50/100  effort
2.5 × 100 (b) Load is between Fulcrum and effort
velocity ratio = = 5.0
50 (c) Effort is between fulcrum and load
Velocity ratio = 5 (d) It does not have a fulcrum
(RRB JE (Shift-III), 26.08.2015)
26. The efficiency of a pump is 50%. It lifts 2 Ans. (a) : In first class levers, the Fulcrum is situated
tonnes of water by 60 m in 20 minutes. Find the between the effort E and the weight W. In this type of
input power (in kW) of the pump. levers mechanical advantage can be greater than 1,
(a) 2 (b) 1 equal to 1 and also less than 1. Its example are scissors,
(c) 3 (d) 4 Pliers, nail cutter, sewing, Hand pump, bicycle brake
RRB ALP & Tech. 21.01.2019 Shift-II etc.
Ans : (a) : Given, 29. The gondani (glue box) is made in the shape of
a cone because.
Mass (m) = 2 tonnes = 2 × 103 kg
(a) More glue can be filled in it
Height (h) = 60 meter
(b) It is convenient to lift it
Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 10 m/s (c) It has a high center of gravity so that it does
Time (t) = 20 minute = 20 × 60 not roll over
= 1200 second (d) Its center of gravity is low so that it does not
efficiency = 50% roll over
 work  RRB Asst. Loco Pilot (Bhuvneshwar)-2012
output power =   ……………. (i) Ans. (d) : The glue box is made in the shape of a cone
 time 
because its center of gravity (centre of mass) is down
work = mgh ........ (ii)
wards at its base due to which it does not roll.
Putting the value of equation (ii) in equation (i)
30. The centre of gravity of the circle will be-
 mgh  (a) On the circumference of the circle
Output power =  
 time  (b) On any chord of the circle
2 ×103 ×10 × 60 (c) At the centre of circle
Output power = = 103 watt (d) On the diameter of the circle
20 × 60
RRB Asst. Loco Pilot (Bilaspur)-2012
output power
Efficiency = Ans. (c) : The centre of gravity (center of mass) of the
input power
circle will be at the center of the circle.
1 103 31. A 2 m long rod AB is balanced on a knife edge
=
2 input power at a distance of 120 cm from end A. When a
weight of 100 grams is placed at the same end.
Input power = 2 × 103
the rod become balanced at its centre the
= 2 kW weight of the rod is-
27. In a simple machine, if the mechanical (a) 300 gram (b) 200 gram
advantage is 40 and the velocity ratio is 50 then (c) 500 gram (d) 100 gram
its efficiency will be. RRB Kolkata Chemical & Metallurgical Er., 01.12.2002
(a) 80% (b) 70% Ans. (c) : Let a weight of 100 gram be placed on A and
(c) 75% (d) 85% the rod is balanced at centre O.
DMRC JE Mech. 4:30 pm .17.04.2018 Taking moment about the point.
General Physics 395 YCT
 (iii) Third class of levers:- The value of mechanical
advantage of this class of levers is always less than one.
Example:- Farmer’s plough, tongs, elbow of human
hand etc.

20 × W = 100 × 100
∴ W = 5 × 100
W = 500 gram
32. The lever for which the mechanical advantages
is always less than one has :
(a) fulcrum between load and effort 33. Mechanical advantages (MA), load (L) and
(b) load between effort and fulcrum effort (E) are related as :
(c) effort between fulcrum and load (a) MA = L × E
(d) load and effort acting at the same point
RRB Chennai Section Engineer, 12.02.2012
(b) L = MA × E
Ans. (c) : Mechanical advantage of the lever will be (c) E = MA × L
less than one if the force is between fulcrum and the (d) None of these
weight. RRB Chandigarh Section Engineer (Civil), 26.02.2012
Mechanical advantages:- The ratio of the load (L)
Load (L)
lifted by the levers and the effort (E) applied on it is Ans. (b) Mechanical advantage (MA) =
called mechanical advantage of the lever. Effort ( E )

∴ Mechanical advantage (A) =

weight (L) ∴ L = M.A × E
effort (E)
34. The leaning Tower of pisa does not fall even
Type of lever: there are three type of leverl though it is tilted because-
(i) First class lever (a) The vertical line passing through its center of
(ii) Second class lever gravity passes through its base
(iii) Third class lever
(b) The vertical line passing through its center of
(i) First class lever:- The mechanical advantage of
levers of this class can be more than 1, equal to 1 and gravity passes through its vertex
also less than1. (c) The vertical line passing through its center of
Example – spade, hammer to pull out nails etc. gravity passes through it’s mid
(d) None of the above
RRB SIGNAL MAINTAINER GRADE-I, II, III-2005
Ans. (a) : The leaning Tower of pisa does not fall even
though it is tilted because the vertical line passing
through its center of gravity passes through its base.
35. Which of the following is true regarding second
class lever
(a) In the lever, the effort occurs between the
(ii) Second class lever:- The value of mechanical
advantage of this class of lever is always greater than 1. load and the fulcrum
Example:- lemon squeezer, paper of whole cutting (b) In the lever, the load is between the effort
machine. and the fulcrum
(c) The fulcrum in the lever is between the effort
and load
(d) lever can have any position of effort, load
and support
RRB Bhubaneshwar App. Electrical, 19.08.2001
Ans. (b) : Second class lever:- In this class of lever the
load is situated between the fulcrum and the effort.
Example:- lemon squeezer, box lid raises.

General Physics 396 YCT

 36. Two children weighting 30kg and 20kg are
sitting at the ends of a plank and plank is
horizontal. If the length of the plank is 5m,
then the distance of the fulcrum of the 30kg
child is
(a) 1m (b) 2m
7 (8–x) = 9x
(c) 3m (d) 5m 56 – 7x = 9x
DMRC Customer Relations Ass., 22.07.2012 9x + 7x = 56
Ans. (b) : 16x = 56
56
x=
16
x = 3.5m
40. The moment of the couple shown in the
following figure will be-

Taking moment relative to C.

30x =20(5-x)
30x = 100 – 20x
50x = 100 ⇒ x = 2 meter
37. If the line of action of a force passes through (a) 60 Newton-meter (b) 20 Newton-meter
the axis, then the torque will be - (c) 80 Newton-meter (d) 40 Newton-meter
(a) 1 (b) 0 RRB Trivandrum (Tech.), 11.04.1999
(c) 2 (d) 4 Ans. (c) :According to question,
RRB Trivandrum (Tech.), 09.11.1997 Perpendicular distance (r) = 4 meter
Ans. (b) : Torque (τ) = r × F Work force (F) = 20Newton
Torque (τ) = r × F
=0×F
= r.F
τ=0 = 4 × 20 sin 900
38. If a body which is free to move about a point. If = 80 (sin 900 = 1)
many force are applied but the body is in = 80 Newton-meter
equilibrium, then the algebraic sum of the 41. A 3 horse power motor rotates the wheel at
moment of those force will be 1200 revolutions per minute. The force-torque
(a) 1 exerted by it is
(b) 0 (a) 18 N-m (b) 1.8 N-m
(c) Both (a) and (b) 1
(c) 3 N-m (d) 15 Newton-meter
(d) None of these 2
RRB Ajmer (Tech.), 25.01.1998 RRB Bhopal (Tech.), 21.11.1999
Ans. (b) : If many force are acting on a body which is Ans. (a) : P = W τθ
=
free to rotate around a point but the body is in t t
equilibrium, then the algebraic sum of the moments of Where τ = Torque, θ = Angular displacement, t = time
those force will be zero. P×t P×t
Torque ( τ ) = = ….(i)
39. The masses of two meteorites in space 7kg and θ 2 πn
9kg respectively. If they are at a distance of 8m P = 3 × 746 watt
from each other, then their center of mass will t = 1 minute = 60 seconds
be away from the 9 kg body and n = 1200
(a) 1m (b) 2m Putting the value of (n) in equation (i)
(c) 3m (d) 3.5m 3 × 746 × 60
τ=
RRB Ajmer (Tech.), 01.03.1998 2 × 3.14 × 1200
Ans. (d) : According to the question, Let the body of 9 τ = 17.8 Newton-meters
kg be at a distance x from its centre of mass. = 18 Newton-meters

General Physics 397 YCT

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