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Java Package
A java package is a group of similar types of
1. Java Package
classes, interfaces and sub-packages.
2. Example of package
Package in java can be categorized in two form, 3. Accessing package
built-in package and user-defined package. 1. By import
packagename.*
There are many built-in packages such as java, 2. By import
lang, awt, javax, swing, net, io, util, sql etc. packagename.classname
3. By fully qualified name
Here, we will have the detailed learning of creating
4. Subpackage
and using user-defined packages.
5. Sending class file to
another directory
6. -classpath switch
7. 4 ways to load the class file
or jar file
8. How to put two public
class in a package
9. Static Import
10. Package class

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Advantage of Java Package

1) Java package is used to categorize the classes and interfaces so that they can be easily
maintained.

2) Java package provides access protection.

3) Java package removes naming collision.

Simple example of java package

The package keyword is used to create a package in java.

//save as Simple.java
package mypack;
public class Simple{
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public static void main(String args[]){

System.out.println("Welcome to package");
}
}

How to compile java package

If you are not using any IDE, you need to follow the syntax given below:

javac -d directory javafilename

For example

javac -d . Simple.java

The -d switch specifies the destination where to put the generated class file. You can use
any directory name like /home (in case of Linux), d:/abc (in case of windows) etc. If you
want to keep the package within the same directory, you can use . (dot).

How to run java package program

You need to use fully qualified name e.g. mypack.Simple etc to run the class.

To Compile: javac -d . Simple.java

To Run: java mypack.Simple

Output:Welcome to package

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The -d is a switch that tells the compiler where to put the class file i.e. it represents
destination. The . represents the current folder.

How to access package from another package?

There are three ways to access the package from outside the package.

1. import package.*;
2. import package.classname;
3. fully qualified name.

1) Using packagename.*
If you use package.* then all the classes and interfaces of this package will be accessible
but not subpackages.

The import keyword is used to make the classes and interface of another package
accessible to the current package.

Example of package that import the packagename.*

//save by A.java
package pack;
public class A{
public void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}
}

//save by B.java
package mypack;
import pack.*;

class B{
public static void main(String args[]){
A obj = new A();
obj.msg();
}
}

Output:Hello

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2) Using packagename.classname
If you import package.classname then only declared class of this package will be
accessible.

Example of package by import package.classname

//save by A.java

package pack;
public class A{
public void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}
}

//save by B.java
package mypack;
import pack.A;

class B{
public static void main(String args[]){
A obj = new A();
obj.msg();
}
}

Output:Hello

3) Using fully qualified name

If you use fully qualified name then only declared class of this package will be accessible.
Now there is no need to import. But you need to use fully qualified name every time
when you are accessing the class or interface.
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Example of package by import fully qualified name

//save by A.java
package pack;
public class A{
public void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}
}

//save by B.java
package mypack;
class B{
public static void main(String args[]){
pack.A obj = new pack.A();//using fully qualified name
obj.msg();
}
}

Output:Hello

Note: If you import a package, subpackages will not be imported.

If you import a package, all the classes and interface of that package will be imported
excluding the classes and interfaces of the subpackages. Hence, you need to import the
subpackage as well.

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Note: Sequence of the program must be package then import

then class.

Subpackage in java
Package inside the package is called the subpackage. It should be created to
categorize the package further.
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Let's take an example, Sun Microsystem has definded a package named java that
contains many classes like System, String, Reader, Writer, Socket etc. These classes
represent a particular group e.g. Reader and Writer classes are for Input/Output
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The standard of defining package is domain.company.package e.g.

com.javatpoint.bean or org.sssit.dao.

Example of Subpackage

package com.javatpoint.core;
class Simple{
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println("Hello subpackage");
}
}

To Compile: javac -d . Simple.java

To Run: java com.javatpoint.core.Simple

Output:Hello subpackage

How to send the class file to another directory or drive?

There is a scenario, I want to put the class file of A.java source file in classes folder of c:
drive. For example:

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//save as Simple.java
package mypack;
public class Simple{
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println("Welcome to package");
}
}

To Compile:

e:\sources> javac -d c:\classes Simple.java

To Run:
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To run this program from e:\source directory, you need to set classpath of the
directory where the class file resides.
e:\sources> set classpath=c:\classes;.;
e:\sources> java mypack.Simple

Another way to run this program by -classpath switch of java:

The -classpath switch can be used with javac and java tool.

To run this program from e:\source directory, you can use -classpath switch of java that
tells where to look for class file. For example:

e:\sources> java -classpath c:\classes mypack.Simple

Output:Welcome to package

Ways to load the class files or jar files

There are two ways to load the class files temporary and permanent.
Temporary
By setting the classpath in the command prompt
By -classpath switch
Permanent
By setting the classpath in the environment variables
By creating the jar file, that contains all the class files, and copying the jar
file in the jre/lib/ext folder.

Rule: There can be only one public class in a java source file and it must be
saved by the public class name.

//save as C.java otherwise Compilte Time Error

class A{}
class B{}
public class C{}

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How to put two public classes in a package?

If you want to put two public classes in a package, have two java source files
containing one public class, but keep the package name same. For example:

//save as A.java

package javatpoint;
public class A{}

//save as B.java

package javatpoint;
public class B{}

What is static import feature of Java5?

Click Static Import feature of Java5.

What about package class?

Click for Package class

Java Package MCQ

1. Which of the following is true about Java packages?

1. A package is a collection of classes and interfaces.

2. Packages in Java can only contain classes, not interfaces.
3. Packages help resolve naming conflicts by providing a namespace.
4. Both A and C.

Show Answer Workspace

2. What is the correct way to import all classes from a package named myPackage?

1. import myPackage;
2. import myPackage.*;

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