Introduction to Dr.

Prasad Gowda C

Civil Engineering
Assistant Professor
CED, BIT
What is Engineering

Engineering is the application of

scientific principles, mathematics,
and practical knowledge to design,
create, and maintain structures,
machines, systems, and
processes that solve real-world
problems.
 Engineer vs. Scientist
Scientist Engineer

Seek to understand the natural Engineers apply scientific

world by conducting experiments, principles to design, build, and
observations, and research to optimize systems, machines, or
develop new knowledge structures to solve real-world
problems
Discover new facts, theories, or Create practical, functional
principles about how the universe solutions that meet specific needs
works (e.g., studying how cells (e.g., building bridges, designing
function, discovering new chemical software, developing medical
reactions). devices).
01
Civil Engineering
Overview
Definition of Civil Engineering
Civil engineering is the design, construction, and
maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment.
This includes works such as bridges, roads, canals, and
buildings. It is crucial for developing and maintaining
infrastructure that supports society.
Historical Development
Civil engineering as a discipline dates
back to ancient civilizations, including
the Egyptians and Romans who
constructed monumental structures. In
the 19th century, it formalized as a
profession, advancing significantly with
the Industrial Revolution.
Importance in Society
Civil engineering is vital for economic growth
and societal development. It ensures safe
and efficient infrastructure, impacting
transportation, water supply, and
urbanization. Well-planned infrastructure
supports health, education, and sustainability.
Wonders of the
World: A Global
Legacy of
Beauty and
Innovation
 02
Fields of Civil
Engineering
 Surveying
Surveying is the science of measuring distances
and angles on the Earth's surface.
Surveying provides the essential data for
designing buildings, roads, bridges, and other
infrastructure projects. Accurate land
measurements and topographic data are
necessary to ensure that designs are feasible
and safe.
Scope:
 Land boundary marking, infrastructure planning,
and development.
 Use of tools like GPS, drones, and laser
scanning.
Applications:
 Urban planning, road design, and construction
projects.
 Environmental and natural resource management.
 Geotechnical Engineering Scope:
 Analysis of subsurface materials to design
foundations, slopes and earthworks..
This field focuses on the behavior of earth  Soil testing, foundation design and slope stability.
materials and their interaction with Applications:
structures. It involves soil testing,  Design foundations for buildings, bridges and
foundation design, and assessing land dams..
stability for construction to prevent failures  Earthquake-resistant structures.
and manage risks.
 Scope:
Environmental  Design system for clean water, air and waste
management.
Engineering  Sustainable building designs, renewable energy
solutions, and environmental remediation.
Applications:
Environmental engineering applies principles  Water treatment plants, waste management, air
of science and engineering to improve the pollution control systems.
natural environment. It addresses pollution  Green building certifications (e.g., LEED).
control, waste management, and sustainable
development, ensuring safe air and water for
communities.
 Building Materials Scope:
 Selection of appropriate materials for durability,
The study and use of materials like concrete, strength, and cost-effectiveness.
steel, wood, and composites in construction.  Innovations in sustainable and high-performance
materials.
Applications:
 Concrete and steel for buildings and bridges.
 Timber and composites for specialized structures.
 Construction Scope:
 Automation, prefabrication, robotics, and
Technology advanced construction materials.
 Implementation of smart technologies like BIM
Involves the methods, machinery, and and 3D printing.
innovations used in construction. Applications:
 Large infrastructure projects (dams, roads).
 Urban construction, residential, and commercial
projects.
 Structural Scope:
 Structural design for load-bearing capacity,
Engineering stability, and safety.
 Analysis of forces like wind, seismic, and load
Focuses on designing and analysing conditions.
the framework of buildings, bridges, Applications:
and other infrastructure  Bridges, skyscrapers, tunnels, and residential
buildings.
 Sustainable and earthquake-resistant designs.
 Hydraulics Scope:
 Water flow analysis for drainage, flood control,
Hydraulics deals with the flow of water and irrigation.
and its management in infrastructure.  Design of hydraulic systems, dams, and
reservoirs.
Managing water resources and designing Applications:
irrigation systems for agriculture and  Flood control systems, water treatment plants,
urban areas. and irrigation networks.
 Transportation Scope:
Engineering  Road, railway, airport, and port infrastructure.
 Traffic management, safety, and sustainable
Focuses on the design, construction,
transportation solutions.
and maintenance of transportation Applications:
systems.  Implementation of intelligent transportation
systems (ITS) and smart traffic management.
 Geographic Scope:

Information Systems  Urban Planning: City layouts and infrastructure.

 Environmental Management: Monitoring

(GIS) ecosystems.
 Transportation: Route planning and traffic
management.
GIS is a technology used to collect,  Disaster Management: Emergency response
analyze, manage, and visualize spatial and hazard mapping.
and geographic data. Benefits:
 Improved decision-making, real-time data
analysis, and cost efficiency.
 Provides insights for better planning and resource
management.
 03
Infrastructural
Development
 Role of Civil Engineers
Civil engineers design, create, and maintain infrastructure
projects. Their work involves project management, safety
assessments, and ensuring compliance with regulations. They
collaborate with other professionals to develop functional and
sustainable solutions to meet public needs.

Design and Planning:

• Civil Engineers are responsible for designing and planning roads, buildings, bridges, water
supply systems, sewage systems, and more.
• They ensure the functionality, safety, and sustainability of the infrastructure.
Construction Management:
• Civil Engineers oversee the execution of construction projects, ensuring they meet safety
standards, timelines, and budgets.
Project Coordination:
• Civil Engineers collaborate with architects, environmental scientists, and urban planners to
integrate all aspects of a project.
Sustainability and Innovation:
• Civil Engineers focus on incorporating sustainable materials, energy-efficient designs, and
innovative construction techniques into infrastructure.
 Role of Civil Engineers
Infrastructural Development: Key Areas
Transportation Infrastructure:
Roads, highways, bridges, and rail systems ensure the smooth movement of
goods and people.
Water Supply and Sanitation:
Construction of dams, reservoirs, water treatment plants, and sewage
systems to ensure clean water and proper waste disposal.
Energy Infrastructure:
Building power plants, renewable energy systems, and transmission lines to
meet the growing demand for electricity.
Housing and Urban Development:
Civil Engineers contribute to the planning and construction of residential,
commercial, and industrial complexes.
Waste Management:
Developing waste collection, treatment, and recycling systems to minimize
environmental impact.
 Impact on Socioeconomic Development
Infrastructure as a Driver of Economic Growth:
o A well-developed infrastructure enables efficient transportation, trade, and communication,
leading to increased productivity and business growth.
o Infrastructure attracts investments, both domestic and foreign, which leads to more job
creation and economic expansion.
Social Development and Well-being:
o Reliable water supply and sanitation systems improve public health by reducing the spread of
waterborne diseases.
o Access to reliable electricity and transportation fosters better living standards, education,
and healthcare.
o Effective waste management systems promote healthier and cleaner living environments.
 Social Impact of Infrastructure
 Quality of Life:
o Access to education, healthcare, and other services improves with infrastructure like roads,
schools, and hospitals.
o Connectivity via roads, communication, and internet access reduces social isolation and fosters a
connected society.
 Equity and Inclusivity:
o Proper infrastructure ensures that marginalized communities have access to basic services,
which helps reduce inequality.
o Investment in infrastructure across rural and urban areas can lead to more equitable
development.
 Cultural and Social Integration:
o Infrastructure, such as transportation and communication networks, promotes cultural
exchange, social integration, and community-building.
 Long-term Benefits of Infrastructure Investment
 Improved Business Climate:
o Well-developed infrastructure enhances the ease of doing business,
attracting local and international investors.
 Enhanced National Competitiveness:
o Countries with robust infrastructure are more competitive in global
markets, making them attractive destinations for foreign investment.
 Resilience to Crises:
o Effective infrastructure helps countries recover quickly from natural
disasters, economic shocks, and other crises, maintaining stability and
growth.
04
Roads and
Bridges
 Overview
 Roads, bridges, and dams are
essential components of civil
infrastructure that facilitate
transportation, water management,
and flood control.
 Understanding their classification,
types, and functions is critical in
ensuring the design, construction, and
maintenance of these structures.
 Functions of Roads
Transportation of Goods and People:
 Roads provide connectivity for the movement of people, goods,
and services, facilitating trade and commerce.
Economic Growth:
 Effective road networks reduce transportation costs and time,
boosting local and national economies.
Social Connectivity:
 Roads ensure access to education, healthcare, markets, and
government services, improving the quality of life for residents.
Emergency Services:
 Roads are critical for the movement of emergency services
(ambulances, fire trucks) and public transportation.
Tourism:
 Roadways connect tourist destinations, promoting tourism and
contributing to the economy.
 Classification of Roads

District Express
Road way Urban
National State Village Roads
Highway Highway •Serve as Road High-speed
connectors roads with Roads
•Connect •Connect between Primarily controlled designed to
major cities state different intended to access and serve dense
across the capitals and districts and connect rural no urban areas,
country other rural areas areas to intersections, accommodati
important within a urban centres designed for ng high traffic
cities within state long-distance volumes
the state travel
 Functions of Bridges

Bridges 1. Providing Connectivity:

o Bridges provide vital links across physical barriers
A bridge is a structure built to like rivers, valleys, and roads, facilitating seamless
span a physical obstacle like a transportation.
river, valley, road, or railway,
providing passage over the 2. Support for Transportation:
obstacle. o Bridges support heavy vehicular and rail traffic,
ensuring smooth travel and economic movement.
3. Enhance Regional Development:
o They connect rural areas to urban centers,
promoting economic development and accessibility.
4. Facilitation of Trade:
o Bridges over rivers or seas play a key role in
international trade and transport of goods.
5. Emergency and Military Access:
o Bridges allow for quicker emergency response times
and military movement during wartime.
Types of Bridges
Beam Bridge
Types of Bridges
Arch Bridge
Types of Bridges
Suspension Bridge
Types of Bridges
Cable-Stayed Bridge Truss Bridge
 05
Dams and
Water
Resources
A dam is a barrier built to hold back water, creating a reservoir or
controlling water flow to prevent flooding, generate hydroelectric
power, or supply irrigation
 Functions of Dams
1. Flood Control
2. Water Supply
3. Hydroelectric Power
Generation
4. Recreation
5. Irrigation
6. Environmental
Protection
Types of Dams
Gravity Dam Arch Dam
Types of Dams

Buttress Dam Embankment Dam

Types of Dams
Rockfill Dam Cofferdam
 Conclusions
Civil engineering is integral to societal
development, impacting
infrastructure, transportation, and
environmental sustainability.
Understanding its fields and
applications is vital for future
innovations and improving
community resilience.
 THANK YOU
Any Questions?

Contact me @
+91-9964341330
[email protected]