# Organizing a List

#Often, your lists will be created in an unpredictable order, because

you can’t always control the order in which your users
# provide their data. Although this is unavoidable in most
circumstances, you’ll frequently want to present your
# information in a particular order. Sometimes you’ll want to preserve
the original order of your list,
# and other times you’ll want to change the original order. Python
provides a number of different ways to
# organize your lists, depending on the situation.

#####Sorting a List Permanently with the sort() Method####

#Python’s sort() method makes it relatively easy to sort a list.
Imagine we have a list of cars and
# want to change the order of the list to store them alphabetically.

cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']

cars.sort()
print(cars)

['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']

##You can also sort this list in reverse-alphabetical order by passing

the argument reverse=True to the sort() method.

cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']

cars.sort(reverse=True)
print(cars)

['toyota', 'subaru', 'bmw', 'audi']

#######Sorting a List Temporarily with the sorted() Function

##To maintain the original order of a list but present it in a sorted
order, you can use the sorted() function. The sorted()
##function lets you display your list in a particular order, but
doesn’t affect the actual order of the list.

cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']

print("Here is the original list:")
print(cars)
print("\nHere is the sorted list:")
print(sorted(cars))
print("\nHere is the original list again:")
print(cars)

Here is the original list:

['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']

Here is the sorted list:

['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']
Here is the original list again:
['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']

#The sorted() function can also accept a reverse=True argument if you

want to display a list in reverse-alphabetical order.

cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']

print("Here is the original list:")
print(cars)
print("\nHere is the reverse sorted list:")
print(sorted(cars, reverse=True))
print("\nHere is the original list again:")
print(cars)

Here is the original list:

['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']

Here is the reverse sorted list:

['toyota', 'subaru', 'bmw', 'audi']

Here is the original list again:

['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']

###Note: Sorting a list alphabetically is a bit more complicated when

all the values are not in lowercase.
# There are several ways to interpret capital letters when determining
a sort order, and specifying the exact order
# can be more complex than we want to deal with at this time. However,
most approaches to sorting will build
# directly on what you learned in this section.

#####Printing a List in Reverse Order#####

#To reverse the original order of a list, you can use the reverse()
method.

cars=['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']

print(cars)
cars.reverse()
print(cars)

['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']

['subaru', 'toyota', 'audi', 'bmw']

###Finding the Length of a List###

#You can quickly find the length of a list by using the len()
function.
# The list in this example has four items, so its length is 5

cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru', 'mercedez']

len(cars)
5

#Friends names in the list lets find out the length of list through
len() function

friends=['amir', 'omer', 'asif','satti','arsalan', 'riffat', 'majid']

friends

['amir', 'omer', 'asif', 'satti', 'arsalan', 'riffat', 'majid']

len(friends)

####EXERCISE: TO SEE THE WORLD

# List of places I'd like to visit (not in alphabetical order)
places_to_visit = ['tokyo','Beijing', 'Gilgit', 'Capetown',
'Honkkong']
# Print the list in its original order
print("Original list:")
print(places_to_visit)
# Use sorted() to print the list in alphabetical order without
modifying the original list
print("\nList in alphabetical order (using sorted()):")
print(sorted(places_to_visit))
# Show that the original list is still in its original order
print("\nOriginal list after sorted():")
print(places_to_visit)
# Use sorted() to print the list in reverse-alphabetical order without
changing the original list
print("\nList in reverse alphabetical order (using sorted() with
reverse=True):")
print(sorted(places_to_visit, reverse=True))
# Show that the original list is still in its original order
print("\nOriginal list after reverse sorted():")
print(places_to_visit)
# Use reverse() to change the order of the list
places_to_visit.reverse()
print("\nList after using reverse():")
print(places_to_visit)
# Use reverse() again to change the order of the list back to its
original order
places_to_visit.reverse()
print("\nList after reversing again:")
print(places_to_visit)
# Use sort() to change the list so it's stored in alphabetical order
places_to_visit.sort()
print("\nList after using sort() to store in alphabetical order:")
print(places_to_visit)
# Use sort() with reverse=True to change the list so it's stored in
reverse-alphabetical order
places_to_visit.sort(reverse=True)
print("\nList after using sort() to store in reverse alphabetical
order:")
print(places_to_visit)

####EXERCISE 2####
#Dinner Guests: Working with one of the programs from Exercises
#3-4 through 3-7 (pages 41–42), use len() to print a message
indicating
#the number of people you’re inviting to dinner.
# Original list of people you'd like to invite to dinner
guest_list = ["Albert Einstein", "Isaac Newton", "Ada Lovelace"]
len(guest_list)
# Inform about the bigger table
print("Good news! I just found a bigger dinner table, so I can invite
more guests!\n")
# Add three more guests
guest_list.insert(0, "Nikola Tesla") # Add to the beginning
guest_list.insert(2, "Galileo Galilei") # Add to the middle
guest_list.append("Leonardo da Vinci") # Add to the end
print(guest_list)
# Print the new set of invitation messages
for guest in guest_list:
print(f"Dear {guest},")
print("I would be honored to have you join me for dinner.")
print("Looking forward to an evening of great conversation!\n")

###EXERCISE 3
# Current list of people you'd like to invite to dinner
guest_list = ["Nikola Tesla", "Albert Einstein", "Galileo Galilei",
"Isaac Newton", "Ada Lovelace", "Leonardo da Vinci"]
len(guest_list)
# Inform about the change of plans
print("Unfortunately, the new dinner table won't arrive in time, so I
can only invite two people for dinner.\n")
# Remove guests until only two remain, apologizing to each
while len(guest_list) > 2:
removed_guest = guest_list.pop()
print(f"Sorry {removed_guest}, but I can't invite you to dinner
this time.\n")
# Print messages to the remaining two guests
for guest in guest_list:
print(f"Dear {guest},")
print("You are still invited to the dinner! Looking forward to
seeing you.\n")
# Remove the last two guests
del guest_list[0]
del guest_list[0]
# Print the list to confirm it's empty
print(f"Final guest list: {guest_list}")

### EXERCISE 4###

#title(): Used to capitalize the first letter of each mountain peak.
#append(): Adds a new mountain peak at the end of the list.
#insert(): Inserts a mountain at a specified index.
#sort(): Sorts the list in alphabetical order.
#sorted(): Returns a new list sorted in reverse alphabetical order.
#reverse(): Reverses the order of the list.
#len(): Returns the number of items in the list.
#remove(): Removes the first occurrence of a specified mountain.
#pop(): Removes and returns the last item from the list.
#del: Deletes an item at a specified index.
# Creating a list of mountain peaks
mountains = ["everest", "k2", "kangchenjunga", "lhotse", "makalu"]
# Display the list with title case for each mountain
mountains_title_case = [mountain.title() for mountain in mountains]
print("Mountains in title case:", mountains_title_case)
# Appending a new mountain peak to the list
mountains.append("cho oyu")
print("After appending a mountain:", mountains)
# Inserting a mountain at the second position
mountains.insert(1, "dhaulagiri")
print("After inserting a mountain at index 1:", mountains)
# Sorting the list alphabetically
mountains.sort()
print("Alphabetically sorted mountains:", mountains)
# Sorting the list in reverse alphabetical order using sorted() and
reverse=True
sorted_mountains_reverse = sorted(mountains, reverse=True)
print("Reverse alphabetically sorted mountains using sorted():",
sorted_mountains_reverse)
# Reversing the original list
mountains.reverse()
print("Reversed original list:", mountains)
# Displaying the length of the list
length_of_mountains = len(mountains)
print("Number of mountains in the list:", length_of_mountains)
# Removing a specific mountain from the list by name
mountains.remove("everest")
print("After removing 'Everest':", mountains)
# Popping the last mountain from the list
popped_mountain = mountains.pop()
print(f"After popping the last mountain '{popped_mountain}':",
mountains)
# Deleting a mountain at a specific position
del mountains[2]
print("After deleting the mountain at index 2:", mountains)
# Final state of the list
print("Final list of mountains:", mountains)

###Exercise 5####
# Creating a list of rivers in Pakistan
rivers = ["indus", "chenab", "ravi", "jhelum", "sindh"]
# Display the list with title case for each river
rivers_title_case = [river.title() for river in rivers]
print("Rivers in title case:", rivers_title_case)
# Appending a new river to the list
rivers.append("kabul")
print("After appending a river:", rivers)
# Inserting a river at the second position
rivers.insert(1, "sutlej")
print("After inserting a river at index 1:", rivers)
# Sorting the list alphabetically
rivers.sort()
print("Alphabetically sorted rivers:", rivers)
# Sorting the list in reverse alphabetical order using sorted() and
reverse=True
sorted_rivers_reverse = sorted(rivers, reverse=True)
print("Reverse alphabetically sorted rivers using sorted():",
sorted_rivers_reverse)
# Reversing the original list
rivers.reverse()
print("Reversed original list:", rivers)
# Displaying the length of the list
length_of_rivers = len(rivers)
print("Number of rivers in the list:", length_of_rivers)
# Removing a specific river from the list by name
rivers.remove("indus")
print("After removing 'Indus':", rivers)
# Popping the last river from the list
popped_river = rivers.pop()
print(f"After popping the last river '{popped_river}':", rivers)
# Deleting a river at a specific position
del rivers[2]
print("After deleting the river at index 2:", rivers)
# Final state of the list
print("Final list of rivers:", rivers)

####EXERCISE 6#####
# Creating a list of cars
cars = ["toyota", "honda", "ford", "bmw", "audi"]
len(cars)
# Display the list with title case for each car
cars_title_case = [car.title() for car in cars]
print("Cars in title case:", cars_title_case)
# Appending a new car to the list
cars.append("mercedes")
print("After appending a car:", cars)
# Inserting a car at the second position
cars.insert(1, "chevrolet")
print("After inserting a car at index 1:", cars)
# Sorting the list alphabetically
cars.sort()
print("Alphabetically sorted cars:", cars)
# Sorting the list in reverse alphabetical order using sorted() and
reverse=True
sorted_cars_reverse = sorted(cars, reverse=True)
print("Reverse alphabetically sorted cars using sorted():",
sorted_cars_reverse)
# Reversing the original list
cars.reverse()
print("Reversed original list:", cars)
# Displaying the length of the list
length_of_cars = len(cars)
print("Number of cars in the list:", length_of_cars)
# Removing a specific car from the list by name
cars.remove("ford")
print("After removing 'Ford':", cars)
# Popping the last car from the list
popped_car = cars.pop()
print(f"After popping the last car '{popped_car}':", cars)
# Deleting a car at a specific position
del cars[2]
print("After deleting the car at index 2:", cars)
# Final state of the list
print("Final list of cars:", cars)

#####Intentional Error, Index Error####

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'herohonda', 'superpower',

'banelli']

print("All brands of motorcycles in Pakistan:", motorcycles)

len(motorcycles)

###Lets apply index error command

print(motorcycles[7])# this is going to give an error that list index
out of range.

print(motorcycles[-1])

print(motorcycles[-2])

print(motorcycles[-3])
print(motorcycles[2])