A REPORT ON

RURAL AGRICULTURAL WORK

EXPERIENCE (RAWE)

SUBMITTED BY

Name: -Rohit Kumar Mohapatra

Reg. No.: -FOA-BAB-2019-23-008
GROUP-16-DHARITRI

FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
SRI SRI UNIVERSITY
CUTTACK, ODISHA-754005

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 FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE

SRI SRI UNIVERSITY

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the report entitled “Rural Agricultural Work Experience” prepared and
submitted under the village attachment programme of RAWE 2020-21 by Rohit Kumar
Mohapatra Reg. No. FOA-BAB-2019-23-008 is actually based on day to day works under our
guidance and supervision. All sorts of help and sources of information availed during this
programme have been duly acknowledged.

RAWE COORDINATORS
Name Signature
Dr. Subhrajyoti Panda
Department of Agricultural Extension
Dr. Anupam Dakua
Department of Agricultural Extension
Dr. Chinmayee Mohapatra
Department of Plant Pathology
Dr. Snehasis Routray
Department of Agricultural Entomology
Dr. Suvalaxmi Palei
Department of Horticulture
Dr. Anupama Singh
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics
Dr. Prajjal Dey
Department of Plant Physiology
Dr. Shruti Mohapatra
Department of Agricultural Economics
Dr. Rasmirekha Pattanaik
Department of Agronomy
Dr. Dhaval Kumar Diwedi
Department of Farm Machinery

Dr. S. Kumarswamy
Professor & Dean, Faculty of Agriculture

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am Rohit Kumar Mohapatra, student of 4th year B.Sc. (Hons.) Agribusiness,
FOA-BAB-2019-23-008 feel highly delighted enough after the accomplishment of
my assigned RAWE based on PRA tools and techniques. My journey towards the
accomplishment would not have been possible without support and guidance of my
teachers and groupmates.

I am greatful to my RAWE coordinator Dr. Subhrajyoti Panda whose expertization

has proved my hardwork worthy enough. I am also greatful to Dr. Anupam Dakua,
Dr. Chinmayee Mohapatra, Dr. Snehasis Routray, Dr. Suvalaxmi Palei, Dr.
Anupama Singh, Dr. Prajjal Dey, Dr. Shruti Mohapatra, Dr. Rasmirekha
Pattanaik, Dr. Dhaval Kumar Diwedi whose teaching has bought a sufficient
guidance in my assignment and other faculty members who took care of all our
activites.

I am also obliged enough to the villagers without their support, my RAWE

programme would not have meet this destination.

Last but not the least I would like to thank our dean sir Prof. dean Dr. S.
Kumaraswamy whose trust served as source of constant inspiration and support
during the RAWE programme which brought a great motivation in my RAWE
assignment

Thank you….
Rohit Kumar Mohapatra
FOA-BAB-2019-23-008

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 CONTENT
SL. NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

1 Introduction (Student Ready Program)

2 RAWE (Rural Agricultural Work Experience)

3 Orientation Programme

4 District Information

5 Block Information

6 GP Information

7 Village Information

8 Rapport building with the villagers

9 Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)

10 Social map

11 Village Map

12 Hydrology map

13 Transect walk

14 Enterprise map

15 Timeline map

16 Trend analysis

17 Daily work profile of men and women

18 Venn diagram

19 Seasonality analysis

20 Mobility map

21 Wealth ranking

22 Livelihood Analysis

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23 Resource flow analysis

24 Resource Map

25 SWOT Analysis

27 Interventions

28 Action plan

29 Exposure visit

30 Exhibition

31 Questionnaires 1 (RAWE)

32 Questionnaires 2 (KUS)

33 PHOTO GALLERY

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 INTRODUCTION (Student READY Programme)
The Student READY (Rural Entrepreneurship Awareness Development Yojana) aims to provide
rural entrepreneurship awareness, practical experience in real-life situation in agriculture and allied
enterprises to the undergraduate students by keeping themselves physically present in rural
situation and interacting personally with various stakeholders. The programme aims at building
confidence, developing skill and acquiring knowledge about local field situation of the farmers
and the locality.

The Student READY was launched by the Honourable Prime Minister of India on 25th July, 2015.
The concept is to reorient graduates of Agriculture and allied subjects for ensuring and assuring
employability and develop entrepreneurs for emerging knowledge intensive agriculture.

Three basic principles of this programme are -

Education: The students will learn by doing with the farmers in the village and educate
them about the advanced technologies in agriculture and allied fields.
Experience: The students will face the real life situation of a farmer, and gain experience
about the resource availability and their judicious use for enhancing the
production and productivity of entrepreneurs.
Exposure: The student will get better platform to find out the problems in agriculture by
exposing themselves to difficult situations, find out best solution to improve
the livelihood option by preparing action plans and linking with different
service sectors and govt. sponsored schemes.

Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE)

RAWE is a programme for imparting quality, practical and production, oriented education for
agriculture degree. The rural agricultural work experience helps the students primarily to
understand the rural situations, status of agricultural technologies adopted by farmers, prioritize
the farmers’ problems and to develop skills & attitude of working with farm families for overall
development in rural area.

Agricultural Education is an important tool in ensuring increased agricultural productivity,

sustainability, environmental and ecological security, profitability, job security & equity. In India,
Randhawa Committee (1992) recommended the RAWE programme for imparting quality,
practical and production, oriented education for agriculture degree programme. It will provide
significant hands-on experience in acquiring knowledge and skill.

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IMPORTANCE OF RAWE
 Preparing Agricultural Graduates for better career in agriculture/ agribusiness.
 Preparing Agricultural Graduates to face the challenges by acquiring knowledge & skill
through hands on experience.
OBJECTIVES OF RAWE
 To provide an opportunity to the students to understand the rural setting in relation to
agriculture and allied activities.
 To make the students familiar with socio-economic conditions of the farmers and their
problems.
 To impart diagnostic and remedial knowledge to the students relevant to real field
situations through practical training.
 To develop communication skills in students using extension teaching methods in transfer
of technology.
 To develop confidence and competence to solve agricultural problems.
 To acquaint students with on-going extension and rural development programs.

ORIENTATION PROGRAMME
The orientation programme started on 27.06.2022 & ended on 09.07.2022 which lasted for 2
weeks. The orientation programme was inaugurated by our dean. All the respective teachers gave
lectures about their respective subjects. Our extension teachers gave us instructions about how to
conduct programme in the village & how to interact with the villagers.

The schedule for the programme is given below:

Date 10.30AM-12.30AM 2.30PM- 4.30 PM

27.06.2022 Inauguration of Orientation Programme Introduction to RAWE and PRA
(Monday) by (Dr. Subhrajyoti Panda and Dr. Anupam
Prof. S. Kumaraswamy Dakua)
(Dean FoAg)
Educating students with some practical
approach and about READY Program
(Dr. Subhrajyoti Panda)
28.06.2022 Agronomy Agronomy
(Tuesday) Topic-Important agronomic problems Topic-Cropping system survey
faced in villages (Ms. Rashmirekha (Dr.Susmita Das)
Pattanaik) Topic- Important agronomic practices and
Topic- Contingent crop planning their adoption
(Ms. Sayani Bhowmick) (Mrs. Bidusi Tripathy)
Topic-Weed survey and management in
crop fields (Dr. Madhab K. Dutta)

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 29.06.2022 Horticulture Horticulture
(Wednesday) Topic- Nursery Management and Plant Topic- A. High Tech Horticulture and
Propagation (Dr. Suvalaxmi Palei) Protected cultivation
Topic- Post harvest management and B. Seed Production of Vegetable crops
Value addition of Horticultural Crop (Dr. Kalyani Pradhan)
(Dr. Tanushree Sahoo) Topic- Diseases, pest and
Topic- Landscaping and Commercial physiological disorder of major horticultural
floriculture (Dr. Suchismita Sahoo) crops grown in Odisha (Mrs. Meenakshi
Badu)
30.06.2022 Plant Physiology Plant Pathology
(Thrusday) Topic- Field Diagnosis of “Nutrient Topic-Field Diagnosis of diseases
deficiency symptoms and associated (Dr. Chinmayee Mohapatra)
physiological disorders Topic- Crop diseases and management-Some
(Dr.Prajjal Dey) critical observations
(Dr. Anshuman Khandual)
02.07.2022 Practical on PRA Tools
(Saturday)
04.07.2022 Entomology Entomology
(Monday) Topic- Detection and diagnosis of Topic- Detection and diagnosis of various
various damages caused by insect pests damages caused by Rodents and other
in various stages of different crops vertebrate pests in post-harvest conditions
(Dr. Seema Tripathy) (Dr. Snehasish Routray)
Topic- Detection and diagnosis of
various damages caused by mite pests
and various insect vectors (Dr. Ipsita
Samal)
05.07.2022 Ag. Engineering Forestry
(Tuesday) Topic- Identification, Specifications, Topic-Forestry intervention for Farmer
and uses of implements and machines development
(Dr. Sandeep Rout)
06.07.2022 Plant Breeding and Genetics Agricultural Extension
(Wednesday) Topic- Germplasm collection and Topic-Collection and Documentation of ITK
conservation (Dr. Anupama Singh) in Agriculture
Topic- Participatory Plant Breeding (Dr. Subhrajyoti Panda)
(Dr. Mandakani Kabi)
07.07.2022 Soil Science Soil Science
(Thrusday) Topic-Soil Collection and Soil Testing Topic-Azolla Production Technology
(Mr Ambika Mishra) (Dr Rini Labanya)
Topic- Vermicomposting
(Dr Purbasha P. Padhi)
08.07.2022 Agricultural Economics Agri business Management
(Friday) Topic-Market Survey for selling Topic-Agri-input Marketing
Agricultural Produce (Dr. Shubhaom Panda)
(Dr. Shruti Mohapatra)
Topic-Comparative Analysis of Agri
input and Output Market
(Dr. R. S. Bhawar)
09.07.2022 About Industrial Attachment Group Allotment
(Saturday)

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 DISTRICT AT A GLANCE

Total blocks:14

Agro-Ecological Situation (AES):

Name of the District: CUTTACK
Latitude and Longitude: 20o31`23’’N 85o47`17”E
Agro-climatic zone: East and south east coastal plain
District profile:
Sl. No. Parameters Area (ha)
1 Geographical Area 3,93,200
2 Cultivable Area 1,88,150
3 No. of Blocks 14
4 No. of G.P. s 373
5 N.A.C. s 2
6 Municipality 17
7 No of Villages 1969

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 Farmers’ profile

Sl.no. Category Numbers % Area under cultivation % of area

(ha)
1. Marginal farmers (<1ha) 1,32,308 80 1,10,250 58.5
2. Small farmers (1-2 ha) 26,604 16 51,240 27.2
3. Medium farmers (2-4 ha) 6,071 04 26,660 14.16
& Large farmers (>4ha)

Land utilization pattern:

Category Area (ha.) Category Area (ha.)
Water logged area - Saline affected area -
Flood prone area Alluvial soil 1,50,520

Sandy soil 37,630 Lateritic soil 37,630

Acidic soil 1,65,000 Forest area 84341
Miscellaneous 11116 Permanent pasture 10375
Cultivable waste 9824 Non agril land 46452
Barren & 10093 Current fallow 4589
uncultivable waste
Fallow 3726

Soil type
Type of soil % of total area
Alluvial soil 80
Laterite soil 15-18

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 BLOCK AT A GLANCE
Name of the Block : Barang
Latitude & Longitude: 20.39o N, 85.85o E
No. and Names of GPs:
1. Belagachhia
2. Dadhpatna
3. Harianta
4. Khalarda
5. Korkora
6. Kunheipada
7. KurangaSasan
8. Kuranga Pradhan
9. Madhupur
10. Munduli
11. Nagari
12. NarajMarthapur
13. Ramdaspur
14. Sainso
15. Sribantapur
16. Usuma
Block profile: -

Sl.no. Parameters Area (ha)

1 Geographical Area 13616
2 Cultivable Area 8212
3 Up land 2707
4 Medium land 3079
5 Low land 2426
6 Forest area 536
7 Fallow land 425
8 Grazing land 201

Soil type: -

Type of soil % of total area

Alluvial soil 5
Laterite soil 20
Others 75

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Information on Weather parameters

Avg. Avg. Temperature (oC) Avg. RH (%)

Rainfall(mm) Minimum Maximum
1520 18 38 78

Major crops and cropping systems: -

Name Crops Area (ha)

Pulses Kulthi, 23
Gram, 65
Cowpea, 23
Field Pea, 23
Others 65
Oil seed Groundnut, 60
Mustard, 60
Sunflower, 60
Linseed 60
Commercial crops Sugarcane 400
Vegetables Potato 440
Onion 50
Sweet potato 19
others 1500
Spices Chilli 40
Coriander 14
Others Betelvine 220

GRAM PANCHAYAT (NARAJ MARTHAPUR)

Name of the village: - Naraj marthapur
Total geographical area:- 288 ha
Forest area: - 63.77ha
Total population: - 3972
Male: - 2044
Female: - 1928
Literacy rate: - 80.8%
SC: - 1486
ST: - 92
Total no. of houses: - 865

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RAPPORT BUILDING WITH THE FARMERS:
After a week of orientation classes on various schemes and modules we finally reported at the
Marthapur village at Cuttack on 14th July 2022.We 4 groups of 44 students moved to the village
for our village attachment programme. We asked an old man about the farmers to get information.
We met with our host farmer Mr. Pradeep Kumar panda, Mr Prasanna Naik, and Mr. Saras Kumar
Paital.

Rapport building is an important task for the team for collecting reliable information. It is
usually done to develop communications and to establish working relationship with the local
people. Generally, rapport building initiated immediately as the team enters a village. This may
help the team to bring closer to the village people.

 Start talking to the rural people saying “Namaskar” whenever you meet them.
 Treat and respect rural people as per their local custom.
 Ask the knowledgeable people about a subject or area in a village.
 Clearly explain reasons for coming to the area.
 Show genuine interest in the local issues
 Choose time and venue that are convenient for the local people.

PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL

PRA was started in Thailand in 1985

Participatory methods and tools are mainly used for agro ecosystem analysis. PRA is one of that.
Participatory -Means that people are involved in the process - a “bottom-up” approach that requires
good communication, skills and attitude of project staff.
Rural - The techniques can be used in any situation, urban or rural, with both literate and illiterate
people.
Appraisal - The finding out of information about problems, needs, and potential in a village. It is
the first stage in any project.
PRA is a methodology for interacting with villagers and seeking their participation in putting
forward their point of views about problem analysing and equalizing the information to acquire
learning. It takes into account the peoples indigenous knowledge.

Sources of PRA

 Active participation research

 Agro ecosystem analysis
 Applied anthropology
 Field research on farming system
 Rapid rural appraisal

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Need for PRA

 ⁷Sustained change and the need for accurate and timely information
 It advocates that people themselves act as ‘solution agents for their problem.
 It cut down the normal professional bias and anti-poverty bias towards people.
Purpose of PRA

 To use farmer’s criteria, choose and understand the local environment with dear local
priorities.
 To learn farmer’s ITK.
 To develop self-critical analysis and direct contact with local need and communities.
Principles of PRA

 Optical ignorance
 Offsetting biasness
 Learning from villagers
 Seeking diversity
PRA Framework

 Group formation
 Role distribution
 Kits collection
 Arrival
 Rapport building
 Appraisal
 Problem identification
 Problem prioritization
 Action plan chart
 Presentation of action plan
 Acceptance of action plan

PRINCIPAL COMPONENT OF PRA

Behavioural attitude

They

 Interview
 Map
 Model
 Rank
 Score
 Analysis

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  Diagram
 Present
 Plan
We

 Hand over the stick.

 They can do it
 Use your best judgment
 Sit down, listen
 Learn and respect
 Unlearn
 Release
Method Sharing
Interview Rapport Villagers share their knowledge and all share
Convince, catalyse, facilitate their experiences, NGOs, invite , welcome
Chose, adopt improvise method others from.
Handover stick, watch listen and learn.
Types of PRA Tools:
1. Social map: -
Social mapping is perhaps the most popular method in PRA. For many, in fact, it is
synonymous with PRA itself. The focus here is on the depiction of habitation patterns and
the nature of housing and social infrastructure: roads, drainage systems, schools, drinking
water facilities, etc. The latter depicts the natural resources – land, water sources, flora and
fauna, etc.

2. Village Map: -
It is a tool that helps to learn about the basic outline of the village. It is one of the
commonly used PRA methods. The village resource map is a tool that helps to learn about

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 a community and its resource base like fields and lands uses, water location, soil types
and hills.

3. Hydrology map
Hydrology map indicates water resources, area under irrigation, irrigation facility and give
idea about water harvesting structure of village.

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4. Transect walk
Transects are observatory walks to study the natural resources, topography, indigenous
technology, soils and vegetation, farming practices, problems and opportunities. These are
done with a group of villagers-either following a particular course, cross country or covering
the area. It is a useful method for knowing rural ecological conditions.

5. Enterprise map
Enterprise map is spatial analysis of various productive and unproductive .

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 6. Timeline map
Historical review major events and their impact; their survival strategy to adapt to change.

7. Trend analysis
Understand how agriculture, forests, health, sexual patterns, worship, education, etc, have changed
over years

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 8. Daily work profile of men and women
It is used to identify daily routine pattern of either gender in a particular area.it helps in analyzing
work type and distribution of workloads throughout the day, for comparative analysis between
different individuals’ daily schedules. It helps:

 To identify the gender roles.

 To document the timings of the activities.
 For discussion of new activities and their implications for time use.
 For discussing time of meetings and training sessions
 To illustrate mobility and periods spent away from home.
 It is represented in a pie chart.

9. Venn diagram
It is used to depict key institutions, organizations and individuals and their relationship with
the local community or others. Key players in decision making are shown. On the Venn
diagram each institution is represented by a circle. The size of the circle represents the
importance, significance or power of that institutions.

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10. Seasonality analysis
Seasonality analysis can be used for obtaining seasonal patterns of rainfall, employment,
income/expenditure, diseases, livestock, production, workforce availability, crop pattern etc.
It depicts what they are doing each month, their income, expenditure etc.

11. Mobility map

A mobility map is a map drawn by the people to explore the movement pattern of an
individual, a group or a community. Here direction is important, this map focuses on mode of
communication, why they are going, what they need.

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12. Wealth ranking
Wealth ranking is a PRA method that determines the economic attributes of households in a
village. It shows information on the relative wealth and well-being of households in a village
which helps to classify the households accordingly. It helps in determining the social and
economic status of households in a village.

13. Livelihood Analysis

Understand community options to earn a living

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14. Resource flow analysis
A resource flow analysis examines the types and amounts of material that pass a given point
over a set period of time.

15. Resource Map

The Resource Map is a tool that helps us to learn about a community and its resource base.
The primary concern is not to develop an accurate map but to get useful information about
local perceptions of resources. The participants should develop the content of the map
according to what is important to them.

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 16. SWOT analysis: -
SWOT stands for strength, weakness, opportunities, weakness, and threats. Strengths and
weakness are internal to your company- things that you have some control over and can change.
Opportunities and threats are external-things that are going on outside your company, in larger
market.

Interventions
a) Economic Intervention
 The profit is twice, the investment on the farm which indicates that the farmers are in profit
as they prefer to sell their produce in the market themselves without help of middlemen.
 Farmers are availed with KCC (Kisan credit card), KALIA yojana, etc. like schemes
proposed by Government.
 Total land revenue of the farm land is approx. 10-12 lakhs.
 The houseworkers are engaged in the SHGs, which helps them in maintaining the economy
of the house.

b) Farm Power Intervention

 Most of the farmer rent their machine for the farming activities.
 Farmer are used to do most of the activities manually as the labour cost is less then the
farm machinery cost when they hire it.
 The labour who works in the field from 6 am – 2pm charges approx. Rs.350 per day
whereas renting a machine cost about Rs.600 per day working for 3 hours only.

c) Extension activities
 Hybrid seeds are used by the farmers as there is availability of seed shops in the village
which helps the farmers to get better yield.
 Farmers thinks Government facilities and the subsidies are not useful as it is long process
and they don’t have trust on government policy and schemes.

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d) Agronomic Intervention
 Most of the farmers are small and marginal having scattered lands.
 The farmers used to make their own compost for the soil.
 Unconditional rainfall affects the farmer the most as it damages the field crops.

Action plan- Narajmarthapur (RAWE)

 Farmers should opt the fishery cultivation in the village as they can get profitable business.
 Farmers can create cold storage warehouse in village which can help them in storing
agricultural produce and they can later sell it in better price in market.
 Farmers are more depend upon the chemical practices; thus, they can adopt the organic
farming method, which also prevents them from health hazards.
 Farmers can practice water harvesting to use it for their irrigation purposes.
 Farmers can grow new exotic vegetables like broccoli, cherry tomato, etc., which can help
them in getting better price in the market with profit.
Action plan- Raighar (KUS)-Host Farmer
 Farmers are lacking in knowing the new schemes by the Govt. for farmer benefits.
 Using new improved variety of seed: -Farmers are afraid to use new seeds which
results them in loss as they are tested and verified by the scientist.
 Farmers should start cultivating mushroom as their income from the agriculture
produce is less in comparison to selling mushroom.
 Farmers should test the soil health before cropping season starts which will give them
an idea to invest their money in the right way.
 Farmers should export their produce to other state as there is a huge market near that
block i.e., Raipur market, rather than selling it in local markets at a low price.

Exposure visit
Visit to KVK Nabarangpur: - I visited to KVK Nabarangpur at Umerkote on 01st November
2022. The KVK was spans about out of which of area was utilised for paddy seed production. For
maize seed production, it was well equipped with a vermicomposting unit, azolla unit with
mushroom unit and a plant nursery separately. Apart from field crops horticultural crops like
vegetables and fruit were planted along with medicinal plants in separate plot.

Exhibition: -
The exhibition was conducted in Ratagarh village, Ramadaspur panchayat, Barang block. It was
held on 6th December 2022. There was total 16 groups and they were assigned with respective
topics. Our group was assigned with AGRICULTURAL MARKETING. We have prepared
model based on the rural and urban area in three different theme namely livestock, fishery and

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QUESTIONNAIRES-1 (RAWE)
1. Survey of Village
Geographic Information
1. Name of village: Naraj marthapur
2. Taluk: Cuttack
3. District: Cuttack
4. Distance in Kilometers from the nearest:
a) Primary/Middle School: 3 km
b) High School/ Higher Secondary/College: 3 km
c) Post Office: 2 kms
d) Railway Station: 1.2 km
e) Bus Stand: 2.3 km
f) Agro-Market: 2 km
5. Transport facilities available in the village: Bus and auto
6. Weekly market place: Thursday and Sunday
Distance: 1.8 km

2. Demographic Information

Sl. No. Particulars Census approved

population
1 Total Population 2250
2 Total Male 1287
3 Literate 854
4 Illiterate 433
5 Total Female 963
6 Literate 587
7 Illiterate 376
8 Number of Cultivators 82
9 Number of Agricultural Labourers 125
10 Other NO
11 Nos. of Scheduled Castes Nos. of Scheduled Tribes 30
12 Nos. of Scheduled Backwards 42

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3. Land use pattern of village

Sl. No. Area in hectares Total geographical area

(%)
1 Total Geographical area of Village 300 ha
2 Area under forest 10
3 Barren and uncultivable land 8.5
4 Land put to non-agricultural use 1.5
5 Cultivable wasteland 2
6 Total fallow land 3.4
7 Net area sown 36.5
8 Net irrigated area 24.8
9 Area sown more than once 13.3
10 Gross cropped area (Sl.No. 7+9) 49.8

4. Irrigation source available in the village

Sl. No. Source Seasonal Perennial Total

irrigated area
(Ha)
1 Total Wells 12 8
2 Well in use 5 10
3 Not in use - -
4 Canal 1 1
5 Tube wells 3 4
6 Tank 0 0
7 Other Sources (specify) River

5.Agricultural Implements availability in the village

Sl. No. Area in hectares Total geographical area

(%)
Bullock drawn implements 40
Hand drawn implements 10
Tractors NA
Power thresher
Electric pump/oil engine 12
Sprayers 2
Dusters 2

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 6.Labour wage rates at village

Sl. Crop Man/Day Women/Day Bullock Tractor

No. management per day hiring/hour
1 Kharif Season 320 /- 280 /- 750/- 1250 /-
2 Sowing time 50 /- 50/-
3 Crop management 100/- 50/-
4 Harvesting 100/- 50/-.
5 Threshing 100/- 100/-
6 Rabi Season 400/- 300/- 750/- 1250/-
7 Sowing time 50/- 50/-
8 Crop management 120/- 50/-
9 Harvesting 100/- 120/-
10 Threshing 100/- 120/-
11 Summer Season 180/- 150/- 750/- 1250/-

7. Farming Community Household Information

1) Name of the Farmer – Pradeep Kumar Panda

ii) Caste – General
iii) Village - Marthapur
iv) Block - Baranga
v)Taluk - Cuttack
vi) District - Cuttack
Sl. Name Age Education Relationship Occupation
No (Yea Illiterat Pri Mid- Second Gradu
. r) e mar Standar ary ate and
y d above
1 Pradeep 40 YES Himself Farmer
panda
2 Madhu 34 YES Wife Farmer
3 Ramesh 18 YES Son Student
8. Land owned by the farmer

Sl. No. Land details Item-wise assessment

1 Total land area (ha) 8
2 Permanent fallow (ha) 4.2
3 Current fallow (ha) 3.2
4 Net sown area (ha) 2.2
5 Area under irrigation (ha) 3.1
6 Area sown more than once (ha) 2.1
7 Gross cropped area (4+6) (ha) 2.4
8 Approximate value of land (Rs./ha) 30,000

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 9 Total land revenue paid (Rs.) per year 60,000
10 Any other taxes/levies NA

9. Livestock’s owned by the farmer

Sl. No. Animal Bullocks Buffaloes Cows Goat/Sheep/Chicken Others

Particulars
1 Type of YES - YES - -
animals
2 No. of animals 2 - 3 - -
3 Age of animals 14 - 12 - -
4 Milch Animal - - YES - -
5 Purchased 14,000 - 11,000 - -
6 Year of 2013 - 2017 - -
purchase with
cost (Rs.)
7 Home 17,000 - 13,000 - -
bred/Current
Value (Rs.)

10.Inventory of household farm machineries

Sl. No. Name of Model/Name of Year of Price per Current

Machine company purchase unit (Rs.) value (Rs.)
1 Power tiller VST Shakti 2017 1.8 lakh 2.2 lakh
2 Sprayer Neptune 2015 1250 1450
3 Rotary tiller Oleo Mac 2017 48,000 55,000
11. Inventory of residential and farm building facilities

Sl. No. Type of building Year of Type of Present Current

structures construction construction value use
1 Home 2008 Pakka 22 lakhs Resident
2 Cattle Shed 2018 Pakka 1.2 lakh Cow
Purpose
3 Storage shed 2016 Pakka 40,000 Seeds
Purpose

Page | 28
 12. Labour use pattern per crop cultivation

i) Crop type: ii) Area (acre):

Sl. No. Field work type Frequency Human La Bullock Machine

of work bour Labour Labour
Total Price Total Price Total Price
hour (Rs.) hour (Rs.) hour (Rs.)
1 Ploughing 2 hr. 45 3 200 2.45 150 2.30 1150
min
2 Harrowing/Hoeing 2 hrs 2.30 150 - - 1.40 1050
3 Land leveling 30 mins 30 100 - - - -
mins
4 Fertilizer application 2hr.20 min 3.10 270 - - 1.50 2300
and Manuring
5 Seedling raising 3 hrs 3.15 250 - - 2.30 2000

6 Sowing/Transplanting 3 hr. 30 3.45 260 - - 3 2500

min
7 Weeding 1hr. 25 min 2 210 - - 1 1700
8 Plant protection 2hr.25 min 3 255 - - 2 2100
9 Irrigation 2 hr. 45 3 220 - - 2.15 2200
min
10 Harvesting 3 hr. 40 4 275 - - 3 3000
min
11 Threshing and 2 hr 50 min 3 265 2.30 200 2.10 2800
winnowing
12 Transportation of 2 hr 20 min 3 150 2.30 110 2 2200
farm produce to home
13 Any other farm 40 min 1 140 30mins 100 20mins 1500
operation

13. Estimation of the cost of crop cultivation

I. Cost
i) Crop type: Rice ii) Area (acre): 3 acres

Sl.No Particulars Quantity Price per Total Cost Per cent to

unit (Rs.) total cost
(Rs.)
1 Family labour 8 230 1840 25%
a) Man (day) 5 130 650 16%
b) Woman (day) 3 100 300 9%

Page | 29
II. Production
i) Main produce (Quantity/kg)
ii) By products (Quantity/kg)

Gross Income = (Value of Main produce +By products)

Net income over

a) Cost A2 = Gross Income -Cost A2
b) Cost B2 = Gross Income -Cost B2
c) Cost C2 = Gross Income -Cost C2
d) Cost C3 = Gross Income -Cost C3

Cost Concept:
Cost A1 = Sl.No. 2 to 13 (Except S. No. 12)
Cost A2 – Cost A1 + Rent paid for leased land if any
Cost B1= Cost A1+ Interest on fixed capital (excluding land value)
Cost B2 = Cost B1 + Rental value of owned land + rent paid for leased in land
Cost C1 = Cost B1 = Imputed value of family labour i.e. S. No. 1
Cost C2 = Cost B2 + Imputed value of family labour (i.e. S. No. 1)
Cost C3 = Cost C2 + 10% of Cost C2 (incidental managerial cost)
Cost of Production (Rs./q) = (Total Cost – Value of by Product)/(Yield/ha)

14.Record of crop production management

Sl. Crop type Area Production Productivity

No. (acre) Main By (acre)
product (Kg) product (Main
(Kg) product)
1 Rice 3 1800 950 4.47

15. Marketing of farm produce

Sl. Crop type Production Consumed Sold Total

No. (Kg) (Kg) (kg) Price/Kg

1 Rice 1800 1000 800 14000

Page | 30
16. Annual Budget of the Farming family

Sl. No. Type of home need Annual Total cost

consumption (Rs.)
1 Cereals Jowar Wheat Rice Other 11q70 kg 10,000
2 Pulses, Grams, Mung Urad, other 4q 2kg 5,000
Pulses
3 Edible Oil 11 lit 1,000
Groundnut/Linseed/Til/Safflower
Vegetable oil
4 Non-Vegetarian Mutton/Chicken 12 kg 5,000
Eggs/Other
5 Milk and Milk Products 20 lit 2,000
Milk/Ghee/Butter
6 Condiments and Spices
7 i) Condiments 4 kg 400
8 ii) Chilies 3.5 kg 400
9 iii) Turmeric 4 kg 400
10 iv) Other 3 kg 400
11 Beverages
12 i) Tea 4 kg 500
13 ii) Coffee 2 kg 500
14 iii) Other 3 kg 500
15 Fuel and Light 10 lit 25000
16 Clothing and Footwear 30 pair 10,000
17 Education 3,00,000
18 Medicine and Medical Services 20,000

19 Other 9000
20 Total 3,90,000

17. Subsidiary information related to village

I. On farm production operative employment avenues

Sl. No. Type of activity Employment Generation

(Man hour/day)
1 Production forestry 7
2 Regeneration operation NO
3 Road construction 9
4 Social Forestry 3
5 Minor Forest Product 8

Page | 31
18. Current market mechanisms for farm-produce

Sl. Cereals Pulses Oil Seeds Fruits Vegetables Forest

No. Product

1 Daily market Daily market - Daily Daily -

market market
2 Mandi Mandi - Malls Malls -
3 Wholesalers Wholesalers - - - -

19. Operation Rural Employment Schemes and Agro-sector support schemes

Sl. No. Name of Scheme Year of Number of

availability Beneficiaries
1 Kalia yojana 2018 43 lakhs
2 Mukhyamantri krishi udyog 2018 20 lakhs
yojana
3 Bhoochetana 2018 7 lakhs
4 Training of rural youth for self- 1979 34.16 % self-
employment (TRYSEM) employment 15.05%
wage

20. Self Help Groups (SHGs) in the rural area

Sl. No. Name of the SHG Type of SHG and Number of persons
activity Employed
1 State rural livelihood Enables setting & 54
missions implementing
appropriate HR systems
to create healthy and
positive work
environment to achieve
desired results

2 Swarna Jayanti gram Promote self- 52

swarojgar yojana ( b SGSY employment in rural
) areas

3 Sarala swayansahayak Making pickle and 40

group Agarbati

Page | 32
 Observations on host farmer/s:

Students shall record the observation on the usage of technologies in terms of quantity, nature,
anduse pattern.
i) I Resource capacity of the farmer-65,000
ii) Technological adoption status of the farmer-Not effectively used of technology
iii) Annual budget and investment pattern offarmer-55,000
iv) Marketing limitations of the farmer-Depend upon the local market
v) Constraints experienced in adoption of technology-Lack of knowledge & capacity
vi) Below Poverty Level Farmers: Constraints in hiring and adopting technologies-
Unavailability of resource, lack of govt. support, Not proper training provided

II: Agronomical Interventions

Assignment– I
Description on the agricultural operation performed by the host farmers with photographs, videos
showing important activity.

Name of the host farmers: Pradeep Kumar Panda

Village: Narajmarthapur Taluk: Cuttack District: Cuttack Cropping season: kharif Year: 2022
Field No.:
Field area (acre): 4 acres
Crop type; rice
Variety: Swarna
Agronomic Crop Management Practices:

Tillage Seed Sowing Seed Sowing Manuring and Weed Irrigat

Practices rate date treatm method Fertilizer control ion
ent Application and Soil metho
manage d
ment
300 gm 18 With Transplanting DAP, urea, Hand Rainfal
jun2021 ash fym weeding l
After Harves Transport Threshi Main By-product Actual Estima
care/plant ting ation to ng and production (Straw/Stover/ Yield per ted
protectio threshing winno (Grain/Tubers Haulm) ha value
n floor wing /Green of the
vegetable) produc
e
(Rs./ha
)
Chloropyri - - - Rice Straw 35-40
pjos 20% quintal

Page | 33
 Information of the host farmer

1. Name of the farmer: Mr. Pradeep Kumar Panda

i) Total land owned by the farmer (acre): 4
ii) Land suitable for cultivation (acre): 4
iii) Land not suitable for cultivation: 0
iv) Farm Stead (ha):
v) Waste land (ha):

2. Soil Conditions
i) Topography: low land
ii) Colour: mixed grey soil
ii) Texture:
iv) Depth:
v) Fertility Status: fertile

3. Rainfall pattern
i) Weekly:
ii) Monthly: yes
iii) Annual:

4. Irrigation facilities and type

i) Irrigation source: only rainfall
ii) Water availability period: June to august
iii) Approximate irrigated area (acre): 1.5

5. Crop(s)/Variety (s) i.e., grown by the farmers

i) Kharif: Rice
ii) Rabi: blackgram, greengram
iii) Summer: bitter gourd, cucumber

6. Current cropping systems

i) Kharif season crops: rice
ii) Rabi season crops: mustard
iii) summer season crops: cucumber

Page | 34
7. Seeds/planting material
i) On-farm seeds: rice
ii) Source of seeds: (Purchased/Procured/Source/Agency: purchased
iii) Category of seed used, if purchased: (Hybrid/HYV/BT Variety hybrid

8. Agro-inputs
i) Fertilizers: Types/Nutrient source/NPK/Ca,Mg,S/Micronutrients – urea , gromer, DAP
ii) Manures: Compost/FYM/Vermicompost/Sewage sludge/Tank silt/Leaf litter - FYM
iii) Herbicides/Insecticides/Fungicides/Others) etc. – Herbicides, Insecticides.

9. Skillful adoption of cultivation practice

i) Traditional practice: seedling method , harvesting method
ii) Recommended practice: ipm , irrigation, use of innovative machines & techniques.
iii) Commercial practice: seed treatment, field preparation, crop management.

10. Livestock/Status/Numbers
i) Bullock: no
ii) Cows: 5
iii) He buffaloes: no
iv) She buffaloes: no
v) Goats: no
iv) Others: no

11. Status of Power and Farm Machinery

i) Electricity: yes
ii) Tractor with trolley: yes
iii) Bullock cart: no
iv) Plough: yes
v) Harrow: yes
vi) Leveler: yes
vii) Seed drill: no
viii)Weeders: yes
ix) Threshers/Winnowers: yes
x) Chaff cutters: no

Page | 35
 12. Market linkages
i) Regulated - no
ii) Unregulated: no
iii) Village Market: yes
iv) Cold storage facility: no

13. Transport facility

i) Road
ii) Railways
iii) Other

14. Source of finance

i) Cooperative - no
ii) Commercial - no
iii) Private: Banks - no
iv) Government Agencies - no
v) other sources - no

15. Availability of Technologies/Technology Centres

i) Training Centres/Community groups: no
ii) Television/Radio: yes
iii) Public Library: no
iv) Krishi Vigyan Kendra: yes
v) Research Centre: no
vi) NGO’s: no

16. Annual calendar of farm management

Sl. No. Farm practice Day and Date
1 Soil, Water conservation practices and Crop rotation of cereal with pulse,
soil amendments bund and canal system for drainage.
2 Other practices:Irrigation/drainage) Drainage by canal
3 Seed/Seed treatment/seed inoculation/ Seed treatment with ash and neem oil
Seed rate/Seed nursery
4 Method of nursery raising (Fertilizer Basal application
Application)
5 Date of sowing/transplanting -
6 Method of sowing of transplanting manual
7 Thinning/gap filling 10 days after sowing

Page | 36
8 Application of organic manures Goat and cow dung with leaf
manuring
9 Application of chemical fertilizers -
10 Method and time of manure and fertilizer broadcasting
application
11 Integrated nutrient management 2 times, one dose at the time of
sowing and next does as per
requirement if plant show any
deficiency symptom
12 Weed Management: manual
Manual/Chemical/Machine
13 Irrigation: Time and frequency Depends on rainfall
14 Provision of drainage, if any Canal system
15 Plant protection: Time and stage of the Stem borer at every stage, green leaf
occurrence: of the pests/diseases/extent of hopper at vegetative stage, gundibug
damage
16 Control measures adopted for the control Apply chloropyriphus and captan
of insects pest diseases
17 Type of sprayer Hand operated sprayers
18 Insecticides/pesticides: Dose and Pesticides – dimethonate
frequency of application
19 Harvesting, threshing, and processing: 5-6 days
Date of harvesting and duration
20 Threshing: Manual/Animal/Machinery Machinery / animal
21 Winnowing: Method, Time Dry method
22 Storage, processing, marketing facilities Stored in a cool and dry place,
marketing through dealer

III. Plant Protection Interventions: -

a) Entomology: Identification of economic insect pests of at least two major crops.

i) Name of Crop – Rice, brinjal
ii) Name of insects identified in the field
Sl.No. Common Name Local Name Scientific Systematic
Name position
1 Yellow stem borer Kanda bindha Scripophaga stem
poka incertulas
2 Shoot & fruit borer Dala au kaba Leucinodes Tender shoot,
bindha poka orbonails Fruit, flower
3 Gundhi bug Gandhi poka Leptocorisa Flower, grain
4 Brown plant hopper Nilaparvata Leaf
lugens

Page | 37
b) Symptoms of pest damage

Sl.No. Early growth Vegetative Flowering Pod stage Earhead Grain filling
stage stage stage stage stage
1 Bore Cause
at the base whitish
of the unfilled
plant cause panicle
dead heat
symptom
2 Dropping Destroy as
of leaves many as 4-6
& buds fruits and
damaged
fruit show
circular hole
3 Discoloration
of panicle
with some
empty grain.
4 Round yellow Drying of
patches flowers
occurred then occurs
turned into
brown
c) Intensity and degree of pest infestation: Pest types

Sl.No. Pest type Infestation intensity

Nil Low Medium High Epidemic
1 Yellow stem Yes
borer
2 Shoot &fruit Yes
borer
3 Gundhi bug Yes

d) Major insect-pests and predatory insects identified/collected from the farmer’s field

Sl.No. Name of insect pest Life Cycle Stage

Egg Larvae Pupa Nymph Adult
1 Stem borer 4-7 days 40 days 7-11 4-10
days days
2 Gundhi bug 5-7 days 20 days 3-5 days
3 Gall midge 3-5 days 14 days

Page | 38
 e) Pest control methods adopted: (Collect data for 2 major crops at various growth stage)

Sl.No. Name of insect pest Non-chemical Cultural Mechanical/physical

methods methods methods
1 Stem borer Putting karada Summer
leaves ploughing
2 Gall midge Maintain Field
sanitation
3 Gundhi bug Set fish traps

f) Rodent control in field, house/storage facilities

Storage Strategies Trapping Poison Bait Crop stage

Sl. Farmers Recommend Strategic Strategic Trapping Poison Crop

No. Practices ed Practices control in control in bait type/Stage
the Field the
storage
1 Chemical Cultural Clean Maintain Pit fall Gound Rice
repellant methods cultivation hygine trap bait by irrigation
, deep zinc stage and
ploughing phophide grain filling
2 10
gm/statio
n
ITKs Thorny Removal Cage or Crown
plant in of weeds wonder bait by
border for traps bromadi
area, Use surroundin olonesch
of rattlers g of et wax
storage
area.
Pheromone Use of Water Sherman
traps alkyl drainage traps
acetate system
and
ecodone

Page | 39
 Storage interventions methods
1.Grain contamination is affected by
a. Type of storage structure– (brick)
b. Temperature- (38degree)
c. Moisture– (less than 70%)

2.Storage losses in grains (%)

a. Type of structure use – (brick)
b. Length and purpose of storage – (4yrs)
c. Grain treatment – (NO)
d. Pre-storage practices – (drying)

3.Storage insect pests observed

Sl. No. Agro-produce type Insect pests observed in storage

1 Paddy Rice weevil

4.Name of the outdoor structures used for grain storage:

i. Name of storage structure brick structure
ii. Quantity stored – (150kgs)
iii. Materials used for construction of the storage structure brick and cement
iv. Any innovative practice that the farmer has evolved/dimensions –(NO)
v. Problem observed by farm in storage shape of the structure-(NO)
vi. Traditional or modern method- (traditional)
vii. Fumigation practice – (NO)
viii. Time schedule-(NO)
ix. Inter opening – (NO)

5.Control Measures adopted by farmers for storage pest & rodents

Sl.No. Insect pest Control measures
1 Weevils Removal of infested food
material, use of pyrethrium
2%

Daily milk production and marketing record

i) Milk Production (liter): 20 lit
ii) Milk Disposal (liter)): 13lt
Utilization pattern
i) Home consumption-yes
ii) Byproducts-yes

Page | 40
Income from milk and by products: Rs.15000 per month
1. Birds and eggs-yes
Utilization pattern -
i) Home consumption- yes
ii) Byproducts- no
iii) Sale-(Bird/Egg): yes

Annual receipt and expenditure statement

A) Total income obtained from the sale: Receipt Rs.110000
B) Expenditure-
1. Cost of feeds and fodder-8000
2. Labour cost-10000
3. Expenditure on land revenue, energy charges etc.-5000
4. Medicines & Vaccines -5000
Total expenditure-28000
C) Net profit: Crop production record can be used from agronomy.8000

VIII. Extension and transfer of technology activities

Student shall study development program and activities of various agriculture and rural
development program, extension agencies or organization.

Assignment 1: Identifying problems of farmers:

Students shall contact the farmers and collect the information to identify the specific and
general agriculture problems.

1. Name of the farmer: Pradeep Kumar Panda

2. Village: Marthapur
3. Age: 40 years
4. Education: Matric
5. Total members in family: Men- 1
Women- 1
Children- 1
6. Total area of land owned (acres): Rainfed – 2.5
Irrigated – 1.5

Page | 41
7. Sources of information used by farmers:
a. How do you obtain the latest information about agricultural technology? (T.V., awareness
programme)
b. Which is the information not reaching you on time? (Advanced technology and new
schemes)
c. Do you regularly obtain farm information from AAO? (yes)
d. Do you contact University Experts for obtaining information about recent agricultural
technologies? (no)
e. Do you regularly listen to the agriculture related programs on Radio and TV? ( yes)
f. Have you subscribed to ‘News Paper/Agricultural magazine? (no)
g. What is the source of update on the new agricultural technology relevant your farming
activity (TV)

8. Adoption of farm technology:

Student shall collect the information on adoption of recommended farm technology related
to major crops.
1. Improved varieties- (yes)
2. Seed treatment- (yes)
3. Recommended doses of fertilizer- (yes)
4. Micro-irrigation method- (no)
5. Use of herbicides- (yes)
6. Organic pesticides/Insecticide- (yes)

Page | 42
 QUESTIONNAIRES-2 (KUS)
Farmer Survey
Village – Saratpara
G.P. –Mundibeda
Block – Raighar
District–Nabarangpur

Sl. No. Name of Farmer Mobile Number

1 Teckram Gond 977961986
2 Lalit Gond 8637260319
3 Bala singh Gond 9692132549
4 Gobardhan Majhi 7853907047
5 Padma Majhi 8260054956

Social and Economic Details

Sl. Data Farmer 1 Farmer 2 Farmer Farmer 4 Farmer 5

No. 3
1 Basic Details
a) A Age 55 58 49 51 40
b) B Education Matriculation Not educated High- High-school Illiterate
school
c) C Family size Small Medium Small Small small
d) D Family type Joint nuclear joint Nuclear Nuclear
e) E Social status SC SC OBC ST SC
f) FInteraction with Always Not often Always Always Not often
outside village
g) G Occupation Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer
h) HAllied activities - - Labour -
i) I House hold Concrete Concrete Half Half concrete
concrete Concrete
2 Land Details
a) ATotal Land (ha) 4 5 2 7 3
b) B Irrigated (ha) 3 2.4 1.8 4 2
c) C Rainfed (ha) 1 2.6 - 3 1
d) D Type of land medium medium Low Medium Low
3 Cropping 130 108 122 90 130
Intensity (%)
4 Farming System Mono- Mono- Mono- Mono- Mono-
cropping cropping cropping cropping cropping

Page | 43
 5 Status of Loan SBI- 50,000 - SBI- - -
(if any) 20,000
6 Status of Savings 1 lac 3 Lacs 20,000 50,000 10,000
(if any)
7 Awareness about the Govt. sponsored Scheme
a) A
Pradhan Mantri Yes yes No Yes No
RozgarYojana(P
MRY)
b) B
Pradhan Mantri Yes Yes No Yes Yes
Fasal Bima
Yojana
(PMFBY)
c) C
Rashtriya Krishi Yes No No Yes No
Vikas Yojana
(RKVY)
d) DNational food No Yes No Yes No
security mission
(NFSM)
e) EParamparagat No No Yes Yes No
Krishi Vikas
Yojana (PKVY)
f) FBiju krushaka Yes (Health No No Yes No
yojana (BKY) card)
g) G
Krushi sinchayi Yes No Yes Yes No
yojana
(PMKSY)
Sl. Data Farmer 1 Farmer 2 Farmer Farmer 4 Farmer 5
No. 3
1. A Resources
a) A Water river, Pond Canal, Tank Canal Tubewell, Rain, Tubewell
availability for Tank
agriculture
b) B
Farm machinery pumpset, Iron plough, plough Plough, Wooden plough
sprayer, iron sprayer, power pump set
plough, tiller, pumpset
Tractor
c) CAvailability of FPOs Retailers Mandi Shop Shop
seed
d) D Animal
husbandry
i. Country cow - 2 2 2 2
ii. Hybrid - 1 - - -
iii Bullock - - -
iv. Poultry 50 7 6 6 -
(country)

Page | 44
 v. Broiler 260 - - - -
vi. Layer - - - 3 -
vii. Buffalo - - - - -
viii. Goat 2 1 5 2 -
ix. Sheep - - - - -
x. Duck - - - - -
a) F Farming
description
i. Rainfed rice 100-110 Q, 90 Q, Swarna 50 Q, 40 Q, Pooja, 20 Q, Swarna,
Swarna sub-1 Pooja, CR-1009
CR-1009
ii. Irrigated rice - - - -
iii. Groundnut - - - - -
iv. Sugarcane - - - - -
v. Green gram -
vi. Black gram - Local(10kg) - - -
vii. Vegetables - - - - -
viii. Fruits - - - - -
b) G Fish farming - - - - -
description
i. Size of the - - - - -
pond
ii. Total no of - - - - -
fishes
iii. Profit - - - - -
iv. Source of - - - - -
juvenile fish
c) HAllied activities
i. Mushroom - - - - -
farming
ii. Apiculture - - - - -
iii. Vegetable - - - - -
production

iv. Arts, crafts - - - - -

and others

Data Farmer 1 Farmer 2 Farmer 3 Farmer 4 Farmer 5

Connection with extension education

Page | 45
 i. KVK Yes Yes No Yes No
ii. VAWS Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
iii. Seed Distribution
Yes No Yes Yes Yes
Centre
iv. Village Meetings Yes No Yes Yes Yes
v. Field Demonstration
Yes Yes Yes No No

vi. Exhibition No No Yes Yes No

vii. Training No No Yes No No
viii. Exposure Visit No No No No No
ix. Any Others
Adoption of technology
a. Field Crops Grown
(Varieties)
i. Rice Kaveri Trimurthy Kaveri Kaveri Trimurthy

ii. Green Gram - - - - -

iii. Black Gram -. - - - -
iv. Groundnut - - - - -
b. Vegetables Grown
(Varieties)
i. Brinjal Local - - - Local
ii. Tomato - Local Local - -
iii. Cabbage - - - - -
iv. Cauliflower - - - - -
v. Bitter Gourd - - - - -
vi. Bean - - - - -
vii. French Bean - - - - -
viii. Fruits grown - - - - -
(varieties)

Page | 46
 List of technologies adopted /refused
i. Technologies Line Line Line Organic Line
that are Transplanting Transplantin Transplant Farming Transplanting,
adopted and , Line g, Line ing, Line ensures better Line Sowing. To
usedwith reason Sowing. To Sowing. To Sowing. To yield with obtain more
obtain more obtain more obtainmore healthySoil. profits.
profits. profits. profits.
ii. Technologies - - - - -
that are used
and then
rejectedwith
reason
iii. Technologies Vermicompo Line Soil Soil Testing Organic
that are not st sting. Lack Transplanti Testing due to delay Farming due to
accepted of ng, Lack of due to in taking lack of
with reason Knowledge. Training. delay in samples. knowledge.
taking
samples.

Data Farmer 1 Farmer 2 Farmer 3 Farmer 4 Farmer 5

Problem faced Pest Pest Attack Pest Attack Irrigation Lack of
regarding the Attack problems soil
increase in farmer’s testing
yield

Govt. schemes KALIA KALIA, PM- KALIA, KALIA, KALIA

functioning in the KISAN PM-
village KISAN
Contact with Weekly Never Monthly Never
KVK/research
center/agricultureoffice

The advice of - Timely Timely - -

agricultural Sowing Sowing
research scientists
Indigenoustechnical
knowledge

Page | 47
PHOTO GALLERY: -

Orientation Programme

Rapport Building

Page | 48
Interaction with Farmers and PRA tools preparation

Page | 49