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1 Python From Summer Class Revision

Unit 6 covers the fundamentals of programming, including definitions, types of programming languages, and the importance of syntax and semantics. It introduces Python as a high-level language, detailing its features, data types, and how to write simple programs. The unit also includes practical lab activities to reinforce programming concepts through various coding exercises.

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2 views

1 Python From Summer Class Revision

Unit 6 covers the fundamentals of programming, including definitions, types of programming languages, and the importance of syntax and semantics. It introduces Python as a high-level language, detailing its features, data types, and how to write simple programs. The unit also includes practical lab activities to reinforce programming concepts through various coding exercises.

Uploaded by

John
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 6: Fundamentals of Programming

Summary from Grade 11 Textbook


1. Introduction to Programming
Definition: A computer program is a set of instructions that commands a computer what to do.
Purpose: Programs enable computers to perform tasks by following specified instructions.

2. Types of Programming Languages


a. Machine Language
 Description: Low-level language consisting of binary code (1s and 0s).
 Characteristics: Fast and memory-efficient but difficult to write.
b. Assembly Language
 Description: Low-level language using mnemonics instead of binary.
 Translation: Requires an assembler to convert to machine language.
c. High-Level Language
 Description: Closer to human languages, allowing easier programming.
 Examples: Python, Java, C++, C#.
 Translation: Uses compilers (translate all at once) or interpreters (translate line by line).

3. Syntax and Semantics


 Syntax: The set of rules that defines the structure of a programming language.
 Semantics: The meaning of the elements and instructions in a program.
 Errors:
o Syntax Errors: Violations of language rules, caught by compilers/interpreters.
o Logic Errors: Programs run without syntax errors but produce incorrect results.

4. Basics of Python
 Popularity: Python is widely used for its simplicity and readability.
 IDLE: Integrated Development and Learning Environment for writing Python code.

a. Using the Interactive Interpreter


 Functionality: Allows execution of one line of code at a time.
 Example: Evaluating expressions and using the print() function to display output.
b. Using the Text Editor
 Scripts: Python code files saved with a .py extension.
 Executing Scripts: Use the "Run Module" option in IDLE to execute saved scripts.

5. Variables and Data Types


a. Variables
 Definition: Memory locations to store data.
 Assignment: Use the assignment operator (=) to set variable values.
b. Identifiers
 Rules: Must begin with a letter or underscore. Cannot be keywords. Case-sensitive.
c. Data Types
 Common Types:
o int: Integer numbers
o float: Floating-point numbers
o str: Strings (text)
o bool: Boolean values (True/False)
d. Type Conversion
 Implicit Conversion: Automatic conversion by Python to avoid data loss.
 Explicit Conversion: Manual conversion using functions like int(), float(), str().

6. Statements and Expressions


 Statements: Instructions executed by the interpreter (e.g., assignment, print).
 Expressions: Combinations of values and operators evaluated to produce a value.
7. Writing Simple Programs
 Input and Output: Use the input() function to accept user input and print() to display
results.
 Examples:
1) A program that calculates the area and circumference of a circle based on user-
provided radius.
PI=3.14
x=input(”Enter the radius:”)
radius=float(x)
area=PI*radius**2
circumference=2*PI*radius
print(”The area of the circle is:”, area)
print(”The circumference of the circle is:”, circumference)
2) Write a program that displays the BMI of a person by accepting the weight and height from
the keyboard.
# Accept weight and height from the user
weight = float(input("Enter your weight in kilograms: ")) # Weight in kg
height = float(input("Enter your height in meters: ")) # Height in meters

bmi = weight / (height ** 2) # Calculate BMI

print(f"Your BMI is: {bmi:.2f}") # Display the BMI

# Interpretation of BMI
if bmi < 18.5:
print("You are underweight.")
elif 18.5 <= bmi < 24.9:
print("You have a normal weight.")
elif 25 <= bmi < 29.9:
print("You are overweight.")
else:
print("You are obese.")
Lab Activities
Solve following questions using the fundamentals of Python, particularly focusing on variables,
data types, input/output, and basic calculations:

1. Simple Interest Calculator:


Write a program that accepts the principal amount, rate of interest, and time (in years) from
the user, and calculates the simple interest using the formula:

Simple Interest=P×R×T100\text{Simple Interest} = \frac{P \times R \times T}


{100}Simple Interest=100P×R×T

2. Temperature Converter:
Create a program that converts a temperature given in Celsius to Fahrenheit using the
formula:

F=95×C+32F = \frac{9}{5} \times C + 32F=59×C+32

Ask the user to input the temperature in Celsius.

3. Area of a Rectangle:
Write a program that accepts the length and width of a rectangle from the user and
calculates its area using the formula:

Area=Length×Width\text{Area} = \text{Length} \times \text{Width}Area=Length×Width

4. Grade Calculator:
Create a program that accepts three exam scores from the user, calculates the average score,
and determines the grade based on the average:
o A: 90 and above
o B: 80 to 89
o C: 70 to 79
o D: 60 to 69
o F: below 60
5. Circle Volume Calculator:
Write a program that calculates the volume of a sphere given its radius. Use the formula:

V=43×π×r3V = \frac{4}{3} \times \pi \times r^3V=34×π×r3

where π≈3.14\pi \approx 3.14π≈3.14. Ask the user for the radius.

6. Even or Odd Checker:


Write a program that accepts an integer from the user and determines whether the number is
even or odd.

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