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08장 수업 자료

The document discusses various aspects of the periodic table, including the classification of elements into groups such as representative elements, transition metals, and their respective electron configurations. It also covers concepts like effective nuclear charge, atomic radius, ionization energy, and electron affinity, providing equations and examples for each. Additionally, it highlights chemical reactions involving different groups of elements and their properties.

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32 views67 pages

08장 수업 자료

The document discusses various aspects of the periodic table, including the classification of elements into groups such as representative elements, transition metals, and their respective electron configurations. It also covers concepts like effective nuclear charge, atomic radius, ionization energy, and electron affinity, providing equations and examples for each. Additionally, it highlights chemical reactions involving different groups of elements and their properties.

Uploaded by

이승수
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8.

1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
8.1
• 19

• 1869 (Mendeleev)
(Meyer) ,

•
•

•
2
3
•
8.2
(representative element main group element)
1,2, 13~17(1A~7A) s p

(transition metal)
11 (1B), 12 (2B) 3~10 (3B~8B) d
, d

f ,f

4
5
(valence electron)
•
•
•
•

6
•
( : Fe)

•
• :C
• , , , ,
(H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2)
• P4 , P4
• S8 , S

7
•

• n

• n
.

•
8
• , ns
(n - 1)d

Fe: [Ar]4s23d6 Mn: [Ar]4s23d5

Fe2+: [Ar]4s03d6 or [Ar]3d6 Mn2+: [Ar]4s03d5 or [Ar]3d5

Fe3+: [Ar]4s03d5 or [Ar]3d5

9
• 8.3
• ,

(Effective nuclear charge, Z ): (Z)


( )

Z =Z- 0 < σ < Z (σ = )


• σ

• ,

10
I.
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na

1s2 1s2 1s2 1s2 1s2 1s2 1s2 1s2 1s2 1s2 1s2
2s1 2s2 2s22p 2s22 2s22 2s22 2s22 2s22 2s22
1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p6
3s1

Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Zeff 1 1.69 1.28 1.91 2.42 3.14 3.83 4.45 5.10 5.76 2.51

s 0 0.31 1.72 2.09 2.58 2.86 3.17 3.55 3.9 4.24 8.49

0.31 1.41 0.37 0.49 0.28 0.31 0.38 0.35 0.34 4.25

= 1 , 1
. ,

cf)
II. ( )
n
11
(Z )

Zeff

Z
ef
f

12
:

•
• n

13
( Atomic radius)
Zeff

Z
e
ff

n
•

• ,
•

15
17
( , pm)
?
117 ,2 at 250C : Br2, Hg

223Fr, t1/2 = 21 minutes

L
iq
ui
d
?

19
8.4 (Ionization energy) :
(kJ/mol)

I1 + X (g) X+(g) I1 1
+ e-
I2 + X+(g) X2+(g) + I2 2
e-
I3 + X2+(g) X3+(g) I3 3
+ e-
I1 < I2 <
I3

•
•
•
21
1
•

•
( , )

22
•
•
23
: ( : 2A & 3A, 5A & 6A)
II-1. .
II-2. 1A .
II-3. 2A 1A

II-4. . :
n

24
8.5 (Electron affinity) :

X (g) + e- X-(g)
X-(g) F (g) +
e-

F (g) + e- X-(g) DH = -328 EA = +328 kJ/mol


kJ/mol

O (g) + e- O-(g) DH = -141 EA = +141 kJ/mol


kJ/mol

=( )
26
27
•
8.6
• (diagonal relationship)
(charge density)
:
= /

28
1A (ns1, n 2)

M M+1 +
1e-
2M(s) + 2H2O(l) 2MOH(aq) +
H2(g)
4M(s) + O2(g)
2M2O(s)
1A (ns1, n 2)
2A (ns2, n 2)

M M+2 +
2e-
Be(s) + 2H2O(l) No
Reaction
Mg(s) + 2H2O(g) Mg(OH)2(aq) +
H2(g)
M(s) + 2H2O(l) M(OH)2(aq) + H2(g) M = Ca, Sr,
or Ba
2A (ns2, n 2)
3A (ns2np1, n 2)

4Al(s) + 3O2(g)
2Al2O3(s)
2Al(s) + 6H+(aq) 2Al3+(aq) +
3H2(g)
3A (ns2np1, n 2)
4A (ns2np2, n 2)

Sn(s) + 2H+(aq) Sn2+(aq) +


H2 (g)
Pb(s) + 2H+(aq) Pb2+(aq) +
H2 (g)
4A (ns2np2, n 2)
5A (ns2np3, n 2)

N2O5(s) + H2O(l)
2HNO3(aq)
P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l)
4H3PO4(aq)
5A (ns2np3, n 2)
6A (ns2np4, n 2)

SO3(g) + H2O(l)
H2SO4(aq)
6A (ns2np4, n 2)
7A (ns2np5, n 2)

X + 1e- X-
1
X2(g) + H2(g)
2HX(g)
7A (ns2np5, n 2)
8A (ns2np6, n 2)

ns np .
.
.
(xenon) : XeF4, XeO3, XeO4, XeOF4
(krypton) : KrF2
1A 1B

s 1
, .
.

Lower I1, more


reactive
basi acidic
c
(1s1)
• 1A ,
• s 1 1 (H+) ,

• NaH, CaH2 (H-)


•

48
1A (ns1, n ≥ 2)
•
• 1
• .
2M(s) + 2H2O(l) 2MOH(aq) + H2(g)
•
4Li(s) + O2 (g) 2Li2O(s)
• Li (peroxide, O22-)
2Na(s) + O2 (g) Na2O2 (s)

49
1A (ns1, n 2)

50
2A (ns2, n 2)
•
• 1 2

• M2+
•
• (BeH2 BeCl2 ) (MgH2)

• , ,
, ,

Be(s) + 2H2O(l) No Reaction


Mg(s) + 2H2O(g) Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
M(s) + 2H2O(l) M(OH)2(aq) + H2(g) M = Ca, Sr, or Ba

51
• (BeO, MgO)
, CaO, SrO, BaO
•

52
3A (ns2np1, n 2)
•
• ,
.
•
4Al(s) + 3O2(g) 2Al2O3(s)
•
2Al(s) + 6H+(aq) 2Al3+(aq) + 3H2(g)
• 3A 1 3
• ,1 3

53
3A (ns2np1, n 2)

54
4A (ns2np2, n 2)
• 4A ,

• ( , )

Sn(s) + 2H+ (aq) Sn2+(aq) + H2(g)


Pb(s) + 2H+(aq) Pb2+(aq) + H2(g)

• 4A +2 +4
• +4
• 4A ,

55
4A (ns2np2, n 2)

56
5A (ns2np3, n 2)
• , ,
• (N2) , (NO, N2O, NO2,
N2O4, N2O5)
• 3 (N3-)
• P4 , P4O6 P4O10

• HNO3 H3PO4

N2O5(s) + H2O(l) 2HNO3(aq)


P4O10 (s) + 6H2O(l) 4H3PO4(aq)

57
5A (ns2np3, n 2)

58
6A (ns2np4, n 2)
• , , ,
•
• S8 Se8
• 3
•
•
(O2-)
• , , 2 (S2-, Se2-, Te2-)
•

SO3(g) + H2O(l) H2SO4(aq)

59
6A (ns2np4, n 2)

60
7A (ns2np5, n 2)
• X2
•
• ,
•
F2(g) + H2O(l) 4HF(aq) + O2(g)

•
• (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) (halide) ,

•
• ( ICl, BrF3) .
(NF3, PCl5, SF6)
•
X2(g) + H2 (g) 2HX(g)

61
7A (ns2np5, n 2)

62
8A (ns2np6, n 2)
•
• ns np ,
( 1s2)
•

• ( )
• (xenon) : XeF4, XeO3, XeO4, XeOF4
• (krypton) : KrF2

63
8A (ns2np6, n 2)

• ,
•

64
1A 1B
s 1 ,
( )

IE1,

65
basi acidic
c

66
3Mg(s) + N2(g) Mg3N2(s)

•
.

(1852~1916)
67

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