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Pro JavaScript Design Patterns 1st Edition Ross Harmes
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Author(s): Ross Harmes; Dustin Diaz
ISBN(s): 9781590599082, 159059908X
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Pro JavaScript Design Patterns ™

Pro JavaScript Design Patterns

Dear Reader,

Pro
Web programming is becoming more complex and collaborative each day. A
new JavaScript™ library is born each week, and we are getting closer to the time
when web applications can seamlessly replace those found on our desktops. It
is no longer possible to design the behavior of your sites haphazardly without
thinking about long-term software maintainability.

JavaScript
The JavaScript language has matured. We have reached a point where soft-
ware development techniques once considered useful only in languages such
as Java and C++ are being applied to web programming. Therefore, we felt the
™
time has come for a book that explores object-oriented design principles and
applies them to the JavaScript language. The techniques needed to implement
patterns like factory, singleton, observer, composite, and facade in JavaScript
are easily understood, but they have not previously been discussed in depth in
a single book. We wanted to show programmers that JavaScript contains features

Design Patterns
on par with other high-level languages and is an object-oriented programming
language in its own right. In fact, we wrote the book that we ourselves have always

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In this book, we will teach you about commonly used software patterns for
designing the code that drives your websites and applications. You will learn
object-oriented JavaScript programming, starting with routine tasks and pro-
gressing to advanced techniques and patterns. We will help you create libraries
and APIs that can be used by others, as well as show you techniques that will
help you interact with other JavaScript programmers and work effectively in
large teams. Most of all, we will show you how powerful, expressive, and flexible
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Ross Harmes and Dustin Diaz

The essentials of object-oriented
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Pro JavaScript™ Design Patterns

Copyright © 2008 by Ross Harmes and Dustin Diaz
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To Mom, and those who have listened, thanks

—Dustin Diaz

To Alec, Dymphi, and Terry

—Ross Harmes
908Xch00FM.qxd 11/16/07 1:05 PM Page iv
908Xch00FM.qxd 11/16/07 1:05 PM Page v

Contents at a Glance

About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv

About the Technical Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi

PART 1 ■■■ Object-Oriented JavaScript

■CHAPTER 1 Expressive JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
■CHAPTER 2 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
■CHAPTER 3 Encapsulation and Information Hiding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
■CHAPTER 4 Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
■CHAPTER 5 The Singleton Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
■CHAPTER 6 Chaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

PART 2 ■■■ Design Patterns

■CHAPTER 7 The Factory Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
■CHAPTER 8 The Bridge Pattern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
■CHAPTER 9 The Composite Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
■CHAPTER 10 The Facade Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
■CHAPTER 11 The Adapter Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
■CHAPTER 12 The Decorator Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
■CHAPTER 13 The Flyweight Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
■CHAPTER 14 The Proxy Pattern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
■CHAPTER 15 The Observer Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
■CHAPTER 16 The Command Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
■CHAPTER 17 The Chain of Responsibility Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

■INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

v
908Xch00FM.qxd 11/16/07 1:05 PM Page vi
908Xch00FM.qxd 11/16/07 1:05 PM Page vii

Contents

About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv

About the Technical Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi

PART 1 ■■■ Object-Oriented JavaScript

■CHAPTER 1 Expressive JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The Flexibility of JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
A Loosely Typed Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Functions As First-Class Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
The Mutability of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Design Patterns in JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

■CHAPTER 2 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
What Is an Interface? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Benefits of Using Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Drawbacks of Using Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
How Other Object-Oriented Languages Handle Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Emulating an Interface in JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Describing Interfaces with Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Emulating Interfaces with Attribute Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Emulating Interfaces with Duck Typing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
The Interface Implementation for This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
The Interface Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
When to Use the Interface Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
How to Use the Interface Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Example: Using the Interface Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Patterns That Rely on the Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
vii
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viii ■CONTENTS

■CHAPTER 3 Encapsulation and Information Hiding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

The Information Hiding Principle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Encapsulation vs. Information Hiding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
The Role of the Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Basic Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Fully Exposed Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Private Methods Using a Naming Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Scope, Nested Functions, and Closures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Private Members Through Closures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
More Advanced Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Static Methods and Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Singletons and Object Factories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Benefits of Using Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Drawbacks to Using Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

■CHAPTER 4 Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Why Do You Need Inheritance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Classical Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
The Prototype Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
The extend Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Prototypal Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Asymmetrical Reading and Writing of Inherited Members . . . . . . . . 46
The clone Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Comparing Classical and Prototypal Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Inheritance and Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Mixin Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Example: Edit-in-Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Using Classical Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Using Prototypal Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Using Mixin Classes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
When Should Inheritance Be Used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

■CHAPTER 5 The Singleton Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

The Basic Structure of the Singleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Namespacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
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■CONTENTS ix

A Singleton As a Wrapper for Page-Specific Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

A Singleton with Private Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Using the Underscore Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Using Closures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Comparing the Two Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Lazy Instantiation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Branching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Example: Creating XHR Objects with Branching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
When Should the Singleton Pattern Be Used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Benefits of the Singleton Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Drawbacks of the Singleton Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

■CHAPTER 6 Chaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
The Structure of a Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Building a Chainable JavaScript Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Using Callbacks to Retrieve Data from Chained Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

PART 2 ■■■ Design Patterns

■CHAPTER 7 The Factory Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
The Simple Factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
The Factory Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
When Should the Factory Pattern Be Used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Dynamic Implementations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Combining Setup Costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Abstracting Many Small Objects into One Large Object . . . . . . . . . . 99
Example: XHR Factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Specialized Connection Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Choosing Connection Objects at Run-Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Example: RSS Reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Benefits of the Factory Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Drawbacks of the Factory Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
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x ■CONTENTS

■CHAPTER 8 The Bridge Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Example: Event Listeners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Other Examples of Bridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Bridging Multiple Classes Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Example: Building an XHR Connection Queue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Including the Core Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Including an Observer System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Developing the Queue Skeleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Implementing the Queue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Where Have Bridges Been Used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
When Should the Bridge Pattern Be Used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Benefits of the Bridge Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Drawbacks of the Bridge Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

■CHAPTER 9 The Composite Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

The Structure of the Composite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Using the Composite Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Example: Form Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Putting It All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Adding Operations to FormItem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Adding Classes to the Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Adding More Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Example: Image Gallery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Benefits of the Composite Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Drawbacks of the Composite Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

■CHAPTER 10 The Facade Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Some Facade Functions You Probably Already Know About. . . . . . . . . . . 141
JavaScript Libraries As Facades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Facades As Convenient Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Example: Setting Styles on HTML Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Example: Creating an Event Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
General Steps for Implementing the Facade Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
When Should the Facade Pattern Be Used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Benefits of the Facade Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Drawbacks of the Facade Pattern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
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■CONTENTS xi

■CHAPTER 11 The Adapter Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Characteristics of an Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Adapting Existing Implementations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Example: Adapting One Library to Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Example: Adapting an Email API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Wrapping the Webmail API in an Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Migrating from fooMail to dedMail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
When Should the Adapter Pattern Be Used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Benefits of the Adapter Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Drawbacks of the Adapter Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

■CHAPTER 12 The Decorator Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

The Structure of the Decorator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
The Role of the Interface in the Decorator Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
The Decorator Pattern vs. the Composite Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
In What Ways Can a Decorator Modify Its Component? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Adding Behavior After a Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Adding Behavior Before a Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Replacing a Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Adding New Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
The Role of the Factory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Function Decorators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
When Should the Decorator Pattern Be Used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Example: Method Profiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Benefits of the Decorator Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Drawbacks of the Decorator Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

■CHAPTER 13 The Flyweight Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

The Structure of the Flyweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Example: Car Registrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Intrinsic and Extrinsic State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Instantiation Using a Factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Extrinsic State Encapsulated in a Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Managing Extrinsic State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Example: Web Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Converting the Day Objects to Flyweights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Where Do You Store the Extrinsic Data? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
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xii ■CONTENTS

Example: Tooltip Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

The Unoptimized Tooltip Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Tooltip As a Flyweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Storing Instances for Later Reuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
When Should the Flyweight Pattern Be Used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
General Steps for Implementing the Flyweight Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Benefits of the Flyweight Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Drawbacks of the Flyweight Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

■CHAPTER 14 The Proxy Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

The Structure of the Proxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
How Does the Proxy Control Access to Its Real Subject? . . . . . . . 197
Virtual Proxy, Remote Proxy, and Protection Proxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
The Proxy Pattern vs. the Decorator Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
When Should the Proxy Be Used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Example: Page Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
General Pattern for Wrapping a Web Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Example: Directory Lookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
General Pattern for Creating a Virtual Proxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Benefits of the Proxy Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Drawbacks of the Proxy Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

■CHAPTER 15 The Observer Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Example: Newspaper Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Push vs. Pull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Pattern in Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Building an Observer API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Delivery Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Subscribe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Unsubscribe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Observers in Real Life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Example: Animation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Event Listeners Are Also Observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
When Should the Observer Pattern Be Used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Benefits of the Observer Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Drawbacks of the Observer Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
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■CONTENTS xiii

■CHAPTER 16 The Command Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

The Structure of the Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Creating Commands with Closures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
The Client, the Invoker, and the Receiver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Using Interfaces with the Command Pattern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Types of Command Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Example: Menu Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
The Menu Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
The Command Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Putting It All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Adding More Menu Items Later On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Example: Undo and Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Implementing Undo with Nonreversible Actions By Logging
Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Logging Commands for Crash Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
When to Use the Command Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Benefits of the Command Pattern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Drawbacks of the Command Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

■CHAPTER 17 The Chain of Responsibility Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

The Structure of the Chain of Responsibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Passing on Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Implementing a Chain of Responsibility in an Existing Hierarchy . . . . . . 254
Event Delegation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
When Should the Chain of Responsibility Pattern Be Used? . . . . . . . . . . 255
Example: Image Gallery Revisited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Using the Chain of Responsibility to Make Composites
More Efficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Adding Tags to Photos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Benefits of the Chain of Responsibility Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Drawbacks of the Chain of Responsibility Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

■INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

f7670b088a34e6aa65a5685727db1ff4
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About the Authors

■ROSS HARMES is a front-end engineer for Yahoo! in Sunnyvale, California.

Educated as an electrical and computer engineer, Ross quickly put down
the soldering iron and oscilloscope and focused on the software aspect of
his degree. After discovering that debugging memory leaks is not much fun,
he dove into the muddy and turbulent waters of web programming. He has
been happily swimming there ever since.
This is Ross’s first book, but he has been publishing his stray thoughts
online for years. These days his technical ramblings can be found at
http://techfoolery.com.

■DUSTIN DIAZ is a user interface engineer for Google in Mountain View,

California. He enjoys writing JavaScript, CSS, and HTML, as well as making
interactive and usable interfaces to inspire passionate users. Dustin has
written articles for Vitamin and Digital Web Magazine, and posts regularly
about web development at his site, http://dustindiaz.com.

xv
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908Xch00FM.qxd 11/16/07 1:05 PM Page xvii

About the Technical Reviewer

■SIMON WILLISON is a consultant on client- and server-side web development and a cocreator
of the Django web framework. Simon’s interests include OpenID, unobtrusive JavaScript,
and rapid application development. Before going freelance, Simon worked on Yahoo!’s
Technology Development team, and prior to that at the Lawrence Journal-World, an award-
winning local newspaper in Kansas. Simon maintains a popular web development weblog
at http://simonwillison.net/.

xvii
908Xch00FM.qxd 11/16/07 1:05 PM Page xviii
Discovering Diverse Content Through
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2—Jack Harkaway’s Friends
3—Jack Harkaway After School Days
4—Jack Harkaway Afloat and Ashore
5—Jack Harkaway Among the Pirates
6—Jack Harkaway at Oxford
7—Jack Harkaway’s Struggles
8—Jack Harkaway’s Triumphs
9—Jack Harkaway Among the Brigands
10—Jack Harkaway’s Return
11—Jack Harkaway Around the World
12—Jack Harkaway’s Perils
13—Jack Harkaway in China
14—Jack Harkaway and the Red Dragon
15—Jack Harkaway’s Pluck
16—Jack Harkaway in Australia
17—Jack Harkaway and the Bushrangers
18—Jack Harkaway’s Duel
19—Jack Harkaway and the Turks
20—Jack Harkaway in New York
21—Jack Harkaway Out West
22—Jack Harkaway Among the Indians
23—Jack Harkaway’s Cadet Days
24—Jack Harkaway in the Black Hills
25—Jack Harkaway in the Toils
26—Jack Harkaway’s Secret of Wealth
27—Jack Harkaway, Missing
28—Jack Harkaway and the Sacred Serpent
29—The Fool of the Family
30—Mischievous Matt
31—Mischievous Matt’s Pranks
32—Bob Fairplay Adrift
33—Bob Fairplay at Sea
34—The Boys of St. Aldates
35—Billy Barlow
 36—Larry O’Keefe
37—Sam Sawbones
38—Too Fast to Last
39—Home Base
40—Spider and Stump
41—Out for Fun
42—Rob Rollalong, Sailor
43—Rob Rollalong in the Wilds

44—Phil, the Showman By Stanley Norris

45—Phil’s Rivals By Stanley Norris
46—Phil’s Pluck By Stanley Norris
47—Phil’s Triumph By Stanley Norris
48—From Circus to Fortune By Stanley Norris
49—A Gentleman Born By Stanley Norris
50—For His Friend’s Honor By Stanley Norris
51—True to His Trust By Stanley Norris
52—Facing the Music By Stanley Norris
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56—In Fort and Prison
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58—George Arnold’s Pluck By John De Morgan
59—The Golden Harpoon By Weldon J. Cobb
60—The Rockspur Nine By Burt L. Standish
61—Always on Duty By John De Morgan
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63—Twenty Thousand Leagues Under
By Jules Verne
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64—A Legacy of Peril
Graydon
65—Lost in the Ice By John De Morgan
66—The Young Railroader By Stanley Norris
67—The Tour of the Zero Club By Capt. Ralph Bonehill
68—The Young Railroader’s Flyer By Stanley Norris
69—The Silent City By Fred Thorpe
74—The Young Railroader’s Long Run By Stanley Norris
75—The Treasure of Star Island By Weldon J. Cobb
76—The Young Railroader’s Comrade By Stanley Norris
77—In Unknown Worlds By John De Morgan
78—The Young Railroader’s Promotion By Stanley Norris
79—A Trip to Mars By Weldon J. Cobb
80—The Young Railroader’s Chance By Stanley Norris
81—Rob Ranger’s Mine By Lieut. Lounsberry
82—Zip, the Acrobat By Victor St. Clair
83—Rob Ranger’s Cowboy Days By Lieut. Lounsberry
84—On His Merit By Victor St. Clair
85—Out For Sport By Wallace Kincaid
86—Where Duty Called By Victor St. Clair
87—Engineer Ralph By Frank H. MacDougal
88—Fortune’s Winding Trail By Roy Franklin
89—The Boy Conjurer By Victor St. Clair
90—The Go-Ahead Boys’ Legacy By Gale Richards
 91—With Odds Against Him By Weldon J. Cobb
92—Sunset Ranch By Stanley Norris
93—Chums of the Prairie By Stanley Norris
94—The Young Range Riders By Stanley Norris
95—Jack Lightfoot, the Athlete By Maxwell Stevens
96—Jack Lightfoot’s Crack Nine By Maxwell Stevens
97—Jack Lightfoot Trapped By Maxwell Stevens
98—Jack Lightfoot’s Rival By Maxwell Stevens
99—Jack Lightfoot in Camp By Maxwell Stevens
100—Jack Lightfoot’s Canoe Trip By Maxwell Stevens
101—Jack Lightfoot’s Iron Arm By Maxwell Stevens
102—Jack Lightfoot’s Hoodoo By Maxwell Stevens
103—Jack Lightfoot’s Decision By Maxwell Stevens
104—Jack Lightfoot’s Gun Club By Maxwell Stevens
105—Jack Lightfoot’s Blind By Maxwell Stevens

In order that there may be no confusion, we desire to say that the

books listed below will be issued during the respective months in
New York City and vicinity. They may not reach the readers at a
distance promptly, on account of delays in transportation.

To be published in January, 1929.

106—Jack Lightfoot’s Capture By Maxwell Stevens

107—Jack Lightfoot’s Head Work By Maxwell Stevens

To be published in February, 1929.

108—Jack Lightfoot’s Wisdom By Maxwell Stevens

109—The Pride of Annapolis By Com. Luther G. Brownell
 To be published in March, 1929.

110—The Haunted Hunter By Edward S. Ellis

111—An Annapolis Adventure By Com. Luther G. Brownell

To be published in April, 1929.

112—The Two Scouts By Edward S. Ellis

113—An Annapolis Hero By Com. Luther G. Brownell

To be published in May, 1929.

114—Among the Redskins By Edward S. Ellis

115—Making Good in the Navy By Com. Luther G. Brownell

To be published in June, 1929.

116—Tracked Through the Wilds By Edward S. Ellis

117—A Dash for Glory By Com. Luther G. Brownell
 Nick Carter Still Lives!
For many years the stories of the adventures of Nicholas
Carter, the great American detective, have been favorites with
busy men in all walks of life. The reason is not hard to find.
They afford splendid relaxation and complete entertainment.

Some of the Nick Carter stories are among the greatest

detective stories ever written and will remain so, as long as the
English language is read.

Look over the list of these titles in the NEW MAGNET

LIBRARY and buy yourself a real treat.
 NICK CARTER STORIES

New Magnet Library

Not a Dull Book in This List

ALL BY NICHOLAS CARTER

Nick Carter stands for an interesting detective story. The fact that
the books in this line are so uniformly good is entirely due to the
work of a specialist. The man who wrote these stories produced no
other type of fiction. His mind was concentrated upon the creation of
new plots and situations in which his hero emerged triumphantly
from all sorts of troubles and landed the criminal just where he
should be—behind the bars.

The author of these stories knew more about writing detective

stories than any other single person.

Following is a list of the best Nick Carter stories. They have been
selected with extreme care, and we unhesitatingly recommend each
of them as being fully as interesting as any detective story between
cloth covers which sells at ten times the price.

If you do not know Nick Carter, buy a copy of any of the New
Magnet Library books, and get acquainted. He will surprise and
delight you.

ALL TITLES ALWAYS IN PRINT

901—A Weird Treasure
902—The Middle Link
903—To the Ends of the Earth
904—When Honors Pall
905—The Yellow Brand
906—A New Serpent in Eden
907—When Brave Men Tremble
908—A Test of Courage
909—Where Peril Beckons
910—The Gargoni Girdle
911—Rascals & Co.
912—Too Late to Talk
913—Satan’s Apt Pupil
914—The Girl Prisoner
915—The Danger of Folly
916—One Shipwreck Too Many
917—Scourged by Fear
918—The Red Plague
919—Scoundrels Rampant
920—From Clew to Clew
921—When Rogues Conspire
922—Twelve in a Grave
923—The Great Opium Case
924—A Conspiracy of Rumors
925—A Klondike Claim
926—The Evil Formula
927—The Man of Many Faces
928—The Great Enigma
929—The Burden of Proof
930—The Stolen Brain
931—A Titled Counterfeiter
932—The Magic Necklace
933—’Round the World for a Quarter
934—Over the Edge of the World
935—In the Grip of Fate
936—The Case of Many Clews
937—The Sealed Door
938—Nick Carter and the Green Goods Men
939—The Man Without a Will
940—Tracked Across the Atlantic
941—A Clew from the Unknown
942—The Crime of a Countess
943—A Mixed-up Mess
944—The Great Money-order Swindle
945—The Adder’s Brood
946—A Wall Street Haul
947—For a Pawned Crown
948—Sealed Orders
949—The Hate that Kills
950—The American Marquis
951—The Needy Nine
952—Fighting Against Millions
953—Outlaws of the Blue
954—The Old Detective’s Pupil
955—Found in the Jungle
956—The Mysterious Mail Robbery
957—Broken Bars
958—A Fair Criminal
959—Won by Magic
960—The Piano Box Mystery
961—The Man They Held Back
962—A Millionaire Partner
963—A Pressing Peril
964—An Australian Klondike
965—The Sultan’s Pearls
966—The Double Shuffle Club
967—Paying the Price
968—A Woman’s Hand
969—A Network of Crime
970—At Thompson’s Ranch
971—The Crossed Needles
972—The Diamond Mine Case
973—Blood Will Tell
974—An Accidental Password
975—The Crook’s Double
976—Two Plus Two
977—The Yellow Label
978—The Clever Celestial
979—The Amphitheater Plot
980—Gideon Drexel’s Millions
981—Death in Life
982—A Stolen Identity
983—Evidence by Telephone
984—The Twelve Tin Boxes
985—Clew Against Clew
986—Lady Velvet
987—Playing a Bold Game
988—A Dead Man’s Grip
989—Snarled Identities
990—A Deposit Vault Puzzle
991—The Crescent Brotherhood
992—The Stolen Pay Train
993—The Sea Fox
994—Wanted by Two Clients
995—The Van Alstine Case
996—Check No. 777
997—Partners in Peril
998—Nick Carter’s Clever Protégé
999—The Sign of the Crossed Knives
1000—The Man Who Vanished
1001—A Battle for the Right
1002—A Game of Craft
1003—Nick Carter’s Retainer
1004—Caught in the Toils
1005—A Broken Bond
1006—The Crime of the French Café
1007—The Man Who Stole Millions
1008—The Twelve Wise Men
1009—Hidden Foes
1010—A Gamblers’ Syndicate
1011—A Chance Discovery
1012—Among the Counterfeiters
1013—A Threefold Disappearance
1014—At Odds with Scotland Yard
1015—A Princess of Crime
1016—Found on the Beach
1017—A Spinner of Death
1018—The Detective’s Pretty Neighbor
1019—A Bogus Clew
1020—The Puzzle of Five Pistols
1021—The Secret of the Marble Mantel
1022—A Bite of an Apple
1023—A Triple Crime
1024—The Stolen Race Horse
1025—Wildfire
1026—A Herald Personal
1027—The Finger of Suspicion
1028—The Crimson Clew
1029—Nick Carter Down East
1030—The Chain of Clews
1031—A Victim of Circumstances
1032—Brought to Bay
1033—The Dynamite Trap
1034—A Scrap of Black Lace
1035—The Woman of Evil
1036—A Legacy of Hate
1037—A Trusted Rogue
1038—Man Against Man
1039—The Demons of the Night
1040—The Brotherhood of Death
1041—At the Knife’s Point
1042—A Cry for Help
1043—A Stroke of Policy
1044—Hounded to Death
1045—A Bargain in Crime
1046—The Fatal Prescription
1047—The Man of Iron
1048—An Amazing Scoundrel
1049—The Chain of Evidence
1050—Paid with Death
1051—A Fight for a Throne
1052—The Woman of Steel
1053—The Seal of Death
1054—The Human Fiend
1055—A Desperate Chance
1056—A Chase in the Dark
1057—The Snare and the Game
1058—The Murray Hill Mystery
1059—Nick Carter’s Close Call
1060—The Missing Cotton King
1061—A Game of Plots
1062—The Prince of Liars
1063—The Man at the Window
1064—The Red League
1065—The Price of a Secret
1066—The Worst Case on Record
1067—From Peril to Peril
1068—The Seal of Silence
1069—Nick Carter’s Chinese Puzzle
1070—A Blackmailer’s Bluff
1071—Heard in the Dark
1072—A Checkmated Scoundrel
1073—The Cashier’s Secret
1074—Behind a Mask
1075—The Cloak of Guilt
1076—Two Villains in One
1077—The Hot Air Clew
1078—Run to Earth
1079—The Certified Check
1080—Weaving the Web
1081—Beyond Pursuit
1082—The Claws of the Tiger
1083—Driven from Cover
1084—A Deal in Diamonds
1085—The Wizard of the Cue
1086—A Race for Ten Thousand
1087—The Criminal Link
1088—The Red Signal
1089—The Secret Panel
1090—A Bonded Villain
1091—A Move in the Dark
1092—Against Desperate Odds
1093—The Telltale Photographs
1094—The Ruby Pin
1095—The Queen of Diamonds
1096—A Broken Trail
1097—An Ingenious Stratagem
1098—A Sharper’s Downfall
1099—A Race Track Gamble
1100—Without a Clew
1101—The Council of Death
1102—The Hole in the Vault
1103—In Death’s Grip
1104—A Great Conspiracy
1105—The Guilty Governor
1106—A Ring of Rascals
1107—A Masterpiece of Crime
1108—A Blow for Vengeance
1109—Tangled Threads
1110—The Crime of the Camera
1111—The Sign of the Dagger
1112—Nick Carter’s Promise
1113—Marked for Death
1114—The Limited Holdup
1115—When the Trap Was Sprung
1116—Through the Cellar Wall
1117—Under the Tiger’s Claws
1118—The Girl in the Case
1119—Behind a Throne
1120—The Lure of Gold
1121—Hand to Hand
1122—From a Prison Cell
1123—Dr. Quartz, Magician
1124—Into Nick Carter’s Web
1125—The Mystic Diagram
1126—The Hand that Won
1127—Playing a Lone Hand
1128—The Master Villain
1129—The False Claimant
1130—The Living Mask
1131—The Crime and the Motive
1132—A Mysterious Foe
1133—A Missing Man
1134—A Game Well Played
1135—A Cigarette Clew
1136—The Diamond Trail
1137—The Silent Guardian
1138—The Dead Stranger
1140—The Doctor’s Stratagem
1141—Following a Chance Clew
1142—The Bank Draft Puzzle
1143—The Price of Treachery
1144—The Silent Partner
1145—Ahead of the Game
1146—A Trap of Tangled Wire
1147—In the Gloom of Night
1148—The Unaccountable Crook
1149—A Bundle of Clews
1150—The Great Diamond Syndicate
1151—The Death Circle
1152—The Toss of a Penny
1153—One Step Too Far
1154—The Terrible Thirteen
1155—A Detective’s Theory
1156—Nick Carter’s Auto Trail
1157—A Triple Identity
1158—A Mysterious Graft
1159—A Carnival of Crime
1160—The Bloodstone Terror
1161—Trapped in His Own Net
1162—The Last Move in the Game
1163—A Victim of Deceit
1164—With Links of Steel
1165—A Plaything of Fate
1166—The Key Ring Clew
1167—Playing for a Fortune
1168—At Mystery’s Threshold
1169—Trapped by a Woman
1170—The Four Fingered Glove
1171—Nabob and Knave
1172—The Broadway Cross
1173—The Man Without a Conscience
1174—A Master of Deviltry
1175—Nick Carter’s Double Catch
1176—Doctor Quartz’s Quick Move
1177—The Vial of Death
1178—Nick Carter’s Star Pupils
1179—Nick Carter’s Girl Detective
1180—A Baffled Oath
1181—A Royal Thief
1182—Down and Out
1183—A Syndicate of Rascals
1184—Played to a Finish
1185—A Tangled Case
1186—In Letters of Fire
1187—Crossed Wires
1188—A Plot Uncovered
1189—The Cab Driver’s Secret
1190—Nick Carter’s Death Warrant
1191—The Plot that Failed
1192—Nick Carter’s Masterpiece
1193—A Prince of Rogues
1194—In the Lap of Danger
1195—The Man from London
1196—Circumstantial Evidence
1197—The Pretty Stenographer Mystery
1198—A Villainous Scheme
1199—A Plot Within a Plot
1200—The Elevated Railroad Mystery
1201—The Blow of a Hammer
1202—The Twin Mystery
1203—The Bottle with the Black Label
1204—Under False Colors
1205—A Ring of Dust
1206—The Crown Diamond
1207—The Blood-red Badge
1208—The Barrel Mystery
1209—The Photographer’s Evidence
1210—Millions at Stake
1211—The Man and His Price
1212—A Double-Handed Game
1213—A Strike for Freedom
1214—A Disciple of Satan
1215—The Marked Hand
1216—A Fight with a Fiend
1217—When the Wicked Prosper
1218—A Plunge into Crime
1219—An Artful Schemer
1220—Reaping the Whirlwind
1221—Out of Crime’s Depths
1222—A Woman at Bay
1223—The Temple of Vice
1224—Death at the Feast
 1225—A Double Plot
1226—In Search of Himself
1227—A Hunter of Men
1228—The Boulevard Mutes
1229—Captain Sparkle, Pirate
1230—Nick Carter’s Fall
1231—Out of Death’s Shadow
1232—A Voice from the Past
1233—Accident or Murder?
1234—The Man Who Was Cursed
1235—Baffled, But Not Beaten
1236—A Case Without a Clew
1237—The Demon’s Eye
1238—A Blindfold Mystery
1239—Nick Carter’s Swim to Victory
1240—A Man to Be Feared
1241—Saved by a Ruse
1242—Nick Carter’s Wildest Chase
1243—A Nation’s Peril
1244—The Rajah’s Ruby
1245—The Trail of a Human Tiger
1246—The Disappearing Princess
1247—The Lost Chittendens
1248—The Crystal Mystery
1249—The King’s Prisoner
1250—Talika, the Geisha Girl
1251—The Doom of the Reds

In order that there may be no confusion, we desire to say that the

books listed below will be issued during the respective months in
New York City and vicinity. They may not reach the readers at a
distance promptly, on account of delays in transportation.

To be published in January, 1929.

 1252—The Lady of Shadows
1253—The Mysterious Castle
1254—The Senator’s Plot

To be published in February, 1929.

1255—A Submarine Trail

1256—A War of Brains

To be published in March, 1929.

1257—Pauline—A Mystery
1258—The Confidence King

To be published in April, 1929.

1259—A Chase for Millions

1260—Shown on the Screen

To be published in May, 1929.

1261—The Streaked Peril

1262—The Room of Mirrors

To be published in June, 1929.

1263—A Plot for an Empire
1264—A Call on the Phone
 READ
When you want real recreation in your leisure hours, read!
Read the Street & Smith Novels!

They are the cheapest and most interesting reading matter

published in America to-day. No jazz—no sex—just big, clean,
interesting books. There are hundreds of different titles, among
which you will find a lot of exactly the sort of reading you
want.

So, when you get tired of rolling around in your Lady Lizzie
or listening to the blah-blah of your radio, hie yourself to the
nearest news dealer, grab off a copy of a good detective,
adventure or love story, and then READ!

Read the Street & Smith Novels. Catalogue sent upon request.

Street & Smith Corporation

79 Seventh Avenue New York City

Printed in the U. S. A.
Transcriber’s Note:

The Contents has been provided by the transcriber.

Punctuation has been standardised. Spelling has been retained

as published in the original publication except as follows:

Page 9
neither of us got a soo changed to
neither of us got a sou

Page 14
As the drew out the little square changed to
As she drew out the little square

Page 24
you can bet your last soo changed to
you can bet your last sou

Page 43
I’ll go you, Chip changed to
I’ll go with you, Chip

Page 54
they didn’t pay any atention changed to
they didn’t pay any attention
Page 65
Then and there the Farnum Hall lads began changed to
Then and there the Farnham Hall lads began

Page 71
the frail craft and disapeared beneath changed to
the frail craft and disappeared beneath

Page 78
with some diffiiculty, climbed changed to
with some difficulty, climbed

Page 78
hasn’t a soo in his jeens changed to
hasn’t a sou in his jeans

Page 80
had up their sleves for you changed to
had up their sleeves for you

Page 85
it was his awkardness that caused changed to
it was his awkwardness that caused

Page 101
I’v got a hunch that changed to
I’ve got a hunch that

Page 112
my private oponion that changed to
my private opinion that

Page 119
From the zinc boz the solution drops changed to
From the zinc box the solution drops
Pages 131 and 138
The first pages of Chapters XX and XXI, transposed in the
original publication, have been ordered correctly in this
ebook

Page 133
Supose we rummage around changed to
Suppose we rummage around

Page 140
Between you and me, Ping, I believe changed to
Between you and me, Pink, I believe

Page 146
who was the the other fellow changed to
who was the other fellow

Page 165
Mirable dictu! changed to
Mirabile dictu!

Page 187
Shaw was down with tonsilitis changed to
Shaw was down with tonsillitis

Page 192
sound a whole lot worst changed to
sound a whole lot worse

Page 209
finish coronat opus changed to
finis coronat opus

Page 218
“Tough luck, Joe,” commisserated Clancy changed to
“Tough luck, Joe,” commiserated Clancy
Page 238
makee tlouble for’ you changed to
makee tlouble fo’ you

Page 243
not been very succesful changed to
not been very successful

Page 260
by jim’ Klismas changed to
by jim’ Klismus

Page 271
a whale of a mystey changed to
a whale of a mystery

Page 296
we didn’t come to Opir to camp changed to
we didn’t come to Ophir to camp

Page 302
carried full to the ore platfom changed to
carried full to the ore platform
 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FRANK
MERRIWELL, JR., IN ARIZONA; OR, CLEARING A RIVAL'S RECORD
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