SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE: ❑ Sustainable architecture

is architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental
impact of buildings by efficiency and moderation in the use of
materials, energy, and development space. Sustainable architecture
uses a conscious approach to energy and ecological conservation in
the design of the built environment
 ❑Sustainability -
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN:
Reduces the negative impact on the environment and human
health, thus improving the performance during a building’s life
cycle. Careful consideration is given to water, energy, building
materials, and solid waste.
GREEN BUILDING:
❑ Green building is the practice of increasing the efficiency of
buildings and their use of energy, water, and materials, and
reducing building impacts on human health and the environment,
through better sitting, design, construction, operation,
maintenance, and removal — taking into account every aspect of
the complete building life cycle.
Sustainable development and sustainability are
integral to green building. Effective green building
can lead to
1) reduced operating costs by increasing
productivity and using less energy and
water,
2) improved public and occupant health due
to
improved indoor air quality,
and
3) reduced environmental impacts by using
sustainable resources.
NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE: ❑ Increase of
population day by day .
❑ People migrating from rural to urban
with hope.
❑Depletion of natural resources.
❑High energy and natural resources are
consumed due to huge population.
❑Effect on bio diversity.

NEED FOR
SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE:

A CROWDED WORLD MIGRATION

RURAL TO URBAN
EFFECT ON BIO RESOURCE CONSUMING NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVERSITY DEPLETION OF
HIGH ENERGY AND HIGH
METHODS FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE
DESIGN:
Economy of Resources
Energy

Conservation
•
Water Conservation
•
Materials Conservation
•
Life Cycle Design

Pre-Building Phase
•
Building Phase
•
Post-Building Phase
•
Humane Design
Preservation for Natural
Conditions
•
 Urban Design and Site Planning
•
Design for Human Comfort
•
Economy of Resources:
❑By economizing resources, the architect reduces the use of
Non-renewable resources in the construction and operation of
buildings.
❑There is a continuous flow of resources, natural
and manufactured, in and out of a building.
❑This flow begins with the production of building materials and continues
throughout the building’s life span to create an environment for sustaining
human well-being and activities.
❑ After a building’s useful life, it should turn into components for other
buildings.

Life Cycle Design:

❑The second principle of sustainable architecture is life cycle design (LCD). ❑
This “cradle-to-grave” approach recognizes environmental consequences of
the entire life cycle of architectural resources, from procurement to return to
 nature. LCD is based on the notion that a material transmigrates from one
form of useful life to another, with no end to its usefulness.

Life Cycle Design:

 Humane Design:
❑While economy of resources and life cycle design deal with efficiency and
conservation, humane design is concerned with the livability of all constituents of the
global ecosystem, including plants and wildlife.
❑This is deeply rooted in the need to preserve the chain elements of the
ecosystems that allow human survival.
ELEMENTS OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE:
1. Green roof:
❑A green roof can lower the temperature in your house,
improve local air quality and help add green space in urban
areas where concrete is the major material.
❑Green roofs can be as simple as a couple of types of ground
cover or include a beautiful mix of moss, succulents, ground
cover, and even herbs and plants.

2. Solar shingles:
❑Solar panels are an excellent way to save energy and reduce
energy bills.
❑Solar shingles are a bit pricier to install than traditional solar
panels, since they not only help power the building, but they're
actually roof shingles.

3. Cob houses:
❑Cob is an ancient building material that's basically wet earth and
straw mixed together and rolled into loaf-sized pieces or cobs. The
mixture is very similar to clay, and what makes cob houses unique
and beautiful is the organic shape.

4. Rainwater harvesting: ❑The basic idea behind a

rainwater harvesting system is to capture
water to irrigate your garden and sometimes to use in the home.
❑To install any sort of rainwater harvesting system, it's important to
check local laws first. Some areas don't allow any rainwater harvesting.

5. Shipping container buildings:

❑Like with cob houses, shipping container buildings address the high
impact associated with traditional building materials.
❑ Instead of using new materials that have to be manufactured,
shipping container homes reclaim old shipping crates and use them to
create prefabricated structures. Shipping crates can be stacked vertically
or lined up side-by-side to create residential or commercial buildings.
PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE: ❖Small

is beautiful. ❖Use of natural materials. ❖Heat with the

 sun. ❖Save the forests. ❖Let nature cool food. ❖Recycle

materials . ❖Energy efficient. ❖Built to last. ❖Conserve

water. ❖Grow your food. ❖Use of local materials.

❖Share facilities.

HOW TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN:

❑ENERGY EFFICIENCY
-SMALL IS GOOD
-PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN
-ACTIVE SOLAR DESIGN
-HIGH LEVELS OF INSULATION
-EFFICIENT HEATING OF AIR & WATER
-THERMAL MASS
-VENTILATION
-EFFICIENT LIGHTING
❑WASTE MANAGEMENT
 -THROUGH DESIGNING IN MODULES
-RECYCLING WHILE BUILDING
-GREY WATER SYSTEMS
-LOW FLOW TAPS & SHOWERS
❑BUILDING MATERIALS
-USE OF RENEWABLE, NON TOXIC
MATERIALS -USE OF RECYCLABLE/RECYCLED
MATERIALS -LOCALLY SOURCED TO REDUCE
TRANSPORT
ENERGY DESIGN STRATERGY:
Optimize building envelope, minimize demand through serious
conservation, and supply energy with
maximum efficiency and using renewable:
❑Site micro-climate
❑Energy conservation
❑Passive solar heating
❑Passive cooling and natural ventilation
❑Day lighting
❑Renewable resources
Spectrum:
❑Traditional vernacular -sustainability by default.
 ❑Existing-architecture-made-more-sustainable.
❑Environmental determinism.
❑Symbiotic relationship with natural environment.
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL

QUALITY: Comfort:

❑Conventional standards seek stasis or ‘optimum’.

❑Change is the natural state of affairs.
❑People are more ‘forgiving’ of buildings which offer
more control.
❑Dynamic environments stimulate –within limits.
IAQ:
❑Ventilation.
❑Air quality.
❑Pollutants.

SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIALS:

❑Embodied energy.
❑Sustainable sources. ❑Transport, assembly.
❑Extraction, processing, manufacture. ❑Life cycle maintenance. ❑Emissions.
❑Recycling, disposal. -NB composite materials.

SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS: ❑ENGINEERED WOOD

Use structural elements manufactured with a minimum amount of high-grade
wood. ❑SUSTAINABLE LUMBER
Use certified sustainable lumber.
Use fast-growing materials like bamboo flooring.
❑RE-USED WOOD
Use re-cut lumber from recently dismantled buildings.
❑RECYCLED MANUFACTURED MATERIALS
Use materials manufactured with a high recycled
content.
❑LONG-LIFE AND LOW-MAINTENANCE MATERIALS
Use materials that last, with minimum or no
maintenance costs.
❑LOW-ENERGY MATERIALS
Use materials that require minimal energy to manufacture, transport, and grow.
❑RECYCLED AND ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS
Straw-bale construction.
Cob (straw and earth) construction.
Pre-fabricated panel wall & roof systems.
Post and beam construction.
 Construction methods that the owner can use to build the home themselves.

RECYCLED MATERIALS:
❑Sustainable architecture often incorporates the use of recycled
or
second hand materials, such as reclaimed lumber and recycled
copper.
❑The reduction in use of new materials creates a corresponding
reduction in embodied energy (energy used in the production of
materials).
❑Often sustainable architects attempt to retrofit old structures to
serve new needs in order to avoid unnecessary development.
❑When older buildings are demolished, frequently any good
wood is
reclaimed, renewed, and sold as flooring. Any good dimension stone is
similarly reclaimed.
❑Many other parts are reused as well, such as doors, windows, mantels, and hardware, thus
reducing the consumption of new goods.
❑ When new materials are employed, green designers look for materials that are rapidly
replenished, such as bamboo, which can be harvested for commercial use after only 6 years of
growth, sorghum or wheat straw, both of which are waste material that can be pressed into panels,
or cork oak, in which only the outer bark is removed for use, thus preserving the tree.
 SUSTAINABLE REMODELING:
❑Existing buildings can remodel and install
improved
mechanical components and update operating
systems to
make a building green.
RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION:
Solar panels:
❑Active solar devices such as photovoltaic solar panels help to provide
sustainable electricity for any use. Electrical output of a solar panel is
dependent on orientation, efficiency, latitude, and climate—solar gain
varies even at the same latitude.
❑Roofs are often angled toward the sun to allow photovoltaic panels to
collect at maximum efficiency.
❑Solar panels can produce adequate energy if aligned within 30° of south.

Wind turbines:
❑The use of undersized wind turbines in energy production in sustainable
structures requires the consideration of many factors.
❑In considering costs, small wind systems are generally more expensive
than larger wind turbines relative to the amount of energy they produce.
❑Building integrated wind turbine performance can be enhanced with the
addition of an aerofoil wing on top of a roof mounted turbine.
Solar water heating: therefore, they are only
really applicable in
❑Solar water heaters, also called solar domestic temperate climates
hot water systems, can be a cost-effective way to
generate hot water for a home. ❑ They can be
used in any climate, and the fuel they
use—sunshine—is free. Solar water heaters, also
called solar domestic hot water systems, can be a
cost-effective way to generate hot water for a
home. ❑They can be used in any climate, and the
fuel they use—sunshine—is free.
With the use of solar collectors, the energy use is
cut in half. Heat pumps:
❑Air-source heat pumps are inexpensive relative to
other heat pump systems. However, the efficiency
of air-source heat pumps decline when the
outdoor temperature is very cold or very hot;
TYPES OF GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS:
Any type of building can incorporate green and sustainable design
principles. Depending on the function of the building, consideration is given to
efficiency in materials, mechanical systems, and operating cost in the design
process.
•Homes.
•Schools.
•Commercial and public
buildings.
•Laboratories.
•Health care facilities.

Sustainable buildings examples:

❑CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre, Hyderabad.
 ❑Infinity Benchmark, Salt Lake City, Kolkata.
❑ Suzlon One Earth, Pune.
❑Patni (i-GATE) Knowledge Center, Noida.
❑Great Lakes Institute of Management, Chennai.
❑ ITC Royal Gardenia, Bangalore.
CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre, Hyderabad:
❑This building is one of the world’s best example of passive
architectural design. (GBC) is unofficially world’s most
environment friendly construction for the use of water and
energy efficient technologies. The building is literally made
completely out of recycled material.
❑The building does not discharge any waste water and recycles
all the used water. The building design comprises of two air
conditioning towers.
❑The roof is covered with roof garden as well as solar
photovoltaic thereby reducing the energy consumption by almost
60% against a comparable conventional building.

Infinity Benchmark, Salt Lake City, Kolkata:

❑Inaugurated in 2009, this 5,60,000 sq. feet of space spread over
20 floors was then to receive a LEED Platinum rating.
❑ This building is equipped with CO2 monitoring sensors,
intelligent humidification controls, rainwater harvesting & waste
water recycling systems. The building design reduces the overall
energy costs by 30% .
Infinity Benchmark, Salt Lake City, Kolkata:
❑This headquarters of India’s largest green energy company truly lives up to the
expectations. Suzlon one earth is 100% powered by onsite and offsite renewable
sources. The campus has 18 hybrid wind turbines that fulfil 7% of the total energy
consumption, the rest of energy demand is met from offsite wind turbines.
❑90% of the occupied spaces in the campus have daylight exposure, all the lighting
used is also LED that reduces the overall consumption. Daylight sensors & occupancy
sensors are installed across the building that automatically controls the artificial
lighting in presence of daylight and turn off the lights when no one is around.
❑More than 70% of the building material used has a reduced carbon footprint. Jet fans
are installed in the basements that push out stale air and bring in fresh air from time to
time, this systems consumes 50% less energy as compared to conventional ducted
basement ventilation system.
❑ Even the pavements and roads within the campus are designed to enable water
percolation and thereby control storm water runoff thus, contributing towards an
 increased water table level.
Patni (i-GATE) Knowledge Center, Noida:
❑This Noida office of Patni (now i-gate) is one of India’s
largest LEED Platinum certified office space. The building
design utilizes passive (architectural) and active (mechanical/
electrical) strategies to minimize energy consumption. The
building depth has been optimally designed to capture
daylight for more than 75% of the occupied interiors. More
than 95% of the occupied workspace in the building receives
outdoor view. Almost 50% of the land cover is green area and
the building does not discharge any waste recycling all its sewage
water.
Great Lakes Institute of Management, Chennai:
❑Located at the scenic Chennai Pondicherry highway, the campus
of this b-school lives up to its name. The institute is of the few
LEED Platinum certified educational institutions in the world. Spread
over 27 acres it certainly is the most energy efficient academic center in
India. ITC Royal Gardenia, Bangalore:
❑ITC Gardenia in Bangalore has reduced heat gain to large extent
by their design and have experienced serious energy savings.
High performance Envelope includes cavity walls which has two
skins of bricks with a hollow space in between which helps in
slowly drawing rainwater or even humidity into the wall.
❑This has also flavored the living walls that they have adopted by
decorating the walls in interiors with plants.