Exp.

No: 5

a) Demonstrate working of common network devices.

b) Demonstrate different network cables and connectors.
c) Install and configure NIC.
d) Crimping of RJ45: Straight and Cross.
i. Punching Cat 6 cable to I/O Box. Use punching tool.
ii. Check connectivity using LAN tester.

a) Network Devices:

The devices that are necessary to build a network and to keep communication flowing.

Types of Network Devices:

● Hub - An electronic device that connects many network devices together so that devices can exchange data. Hubs
are designed to work with Twisted pair cabling and normally use RJ45 jack to connect the devices. When a hub
receives a packet of data (an Ethernet frame) at one of its ports from a network device, it transmits (repeats) the
packet to all of its ports to all of the other network devices.
● Switch - A switch is used in a wired network to connect to other devices using Ethernet cables. The switch allows
each connected device to talk to the others. A switch is a data link layer device. The switch can perform error
checking before forwarding data, which makes it very efficient as it does not forward packets that have errors and
forward good packets selectively to the correct port only.
● Router - A router is a device like a switch that routes data packets based on their IP addresses. The router is
mainly a Network Layer device. Routers normally connect LANs and WANs together and have a dynamically
updating routing table based on which they make decisions on routing the data packets. Router divide broadcast
domains of hosts connected through it.
● Bridge - A bridge operates at the data link layer. A bridge is a repeater, with add on the functionality of filtering
content by reading the MAC addresses of source and destination. It is also used for interconnecting two LANs
working on the same protocol. It has a single input and single output port, thus making it a 2 port device.
● Gateway - A gateway, as the name suggests, is a passage to connect two networks together that may work upon
different networking models. They basically work as the messenger agents that take data from one system,
interpret it, and transfer it to another system. Gateways are also called protocol converters and can operate at any
network layer.
● Modem - A modem modulates and demodulates electrical signals sent through phone lines, coaxial cables, or
other types of wiring; in other words, it transforms digital information from your computer into analog signals that
can transmit over wires, and it can translate incoming analog signals back into digital data
● Repeater - A repeater operates at the physical layer. Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same network
before the signal becomes too weak or corrupted so as to extend the length to which the signal can be transmitted
over the same network. An important point to be noted about repeaters is that they do not amplify the signal.
When the signal becomes weak, they copy the signal bit by bit and regenerate it at the original strength. It is a 2
port device.
● Access Point - a sub-device within the local area network that provides another location for devices to connect
from and enables more devices to be on the network. A wireless access point (WAP) is a hardware device or
configured node on a local area network (LAN).Ex: Hotspot.
● NIC - an acronym for Network interface controller, but it can also be known as a network adapter or LAN
network. It is a piece of computer hardware, used for connecting a computer to a network, either through cables or
wirelessly.
b) Types of Network Cables:

● Shielded Cables
It consists of 1 or 2 insulated wires which are covered by a woven braided shield or aluminium Mylar foil for
better signal transmission and removing irregularities in the frequency of power and external interference in
radio. These cables transmit high voltage electric current and are protected by a shield.

● Twisted Pair Cables

It has two or more insulated copper wires which are twisted with each other and are colour-coded. These types
of wires are usually used in telephone cables and the resistance to external interference can be measured by
the number of wires.
o Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
o Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable

● Coaxial Cables
This consists of solid copper or steel conductor plated with copper which is enclosed in the metallic braid and
metallic tape. This is entirely covered with an insulated protective outer jacket. These type of cables are used
for computer networking and audio-video networking.
 ● Fibre Optics Cable
There are these types of cables which transport optical data signals from an attached light source to the
receiving device. We are pretty much aware of what is an optical fibre and its uses in a wide variety of
applications.

Types of Network Connectors:

Coaxial Cable Connectors

The BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman) connector is used for coaxial cable.
1) BNC Cable Connector: either soldered or crimped to the end of a cable. Used to connect coaxial cable
with T-Connector, which is plugged in to the NIC of computer.
2) BNC-T Connector: used in Ethernetnetworks.
3) BNC Terminator: Used at the end of the cable to prevent the reflection of the signal.

Twisted Pair Cable Connectors

RJ-45 connectors:
RJ-45 connectors look likes RJ-11 connectors, but they are different. They have 8 pins. They are also bigger in
size than RJ-11. RJ-45 connectors are mostly used in computer networks. They are used with STP and UTP
cables. Some old Ethernet implementations use only four of the eight pins. Modern Ethernet implementation uses
all 8 pins to achieve the fastest data transfer speed.

Fiber cable connectors

A variety of connectors are used to connect fiber cables. Some popular connectors are ST, SC, LC, and
MTRJ.

i) Straight Tip Connectors(ST):

A fiber-optic cable connector that uses a bayonet plug and socket. It was the first de facto standard connector for
most commercial wiring.

ii)Subscriber Connector (SC):

SC is a push-pull device that uses a ceramic ferrule to deliver highly accurate alignment in a fiber-optic link. It’s a
square-shaped connector—also known as “stick and click” —that comes with a locking tab that enables the push-
on and pull-off operation.
iii)Lucent Connector(LC):
LC is also a push-pull connector, but unlike SC’s locking tab, it employs a latch with a smaller ferrule, and that
makes it hugely popular in data communications and other high-density patch applications. The smaller form
factor, with a 1.25-mm ferrule, was also a huge benefit in high-connection-density environments like data centers
and telecom switching centers.

iv)Multi-Fiber Push On (MPO):

A fiber optic connector category that utilizes a linear array of fibers across a single ferrule.

v)MU Connector:
It has a similar style to SC connector with a pull-push mating mechanism. But it is much smaller, almost half size
of SC connector, with a 1.25mm ferrule, while most other connectors are with a 2.5mm ferrule at that time.

c) Install and configure NIC:

Network Interface Card, a NIC is also commonly referred to as a network adapter and is an expansion card that
enables a computer to connect to a network such as a home network and/or the Internet using a Ethernet cable with
a RJ-45 connector

Installation and Configuration of NIC: (http://webpage.pace.edu/ms16182p/networking/nic.html)

1. First step is to read the user's guide and familiarize yourself with the new card.
2. Power down PC and remove the AC power cord.
3. Open the computer case.
4. Find an available Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) slot on the motherboard and remove slot insert if
one exists.
5. Carefully remove the network card from its static-proof plastic envelope, and slide it into the slot.
6. Seat the card in the slot firmly with gentle pressure along the length of the card, especially right about the slot
itself.
7. Snugly, screw the card to the computer frame, but do not over tighten.
8. Close the computer case.
9. Plug your computer in and power it up.
10. Click Start, then click Control Panel.
11. In Category View (vs. Classic View) click Performance and Maintenance.
 12. Click "System" icon at bottom of window.
13. Click the Hardware tab.
14. Click the Device Manager button.
15. Double-click Network Adapters.
16. Beneath it should appear the name of your Ethernet card.
17. Next, double click the name of your Ethernet adapter.
18. If the text in the "Device Status" box says "This device is working properly.", then you successfully installed
the card and are finished.
19. If the text in the "Device status" box doesn't say "This device is working properly.", then write down on a
piece of paper what it says and continue with next step.
20. Click the Troubleshoot. Button and follow instructions. Double check you followed the directions above.
Install the most up to date device drivers.

d) Crimping of RJ45: Straight and Cross.

Components Required: RJ45 (Registered Jack – 45) connector, Cat5/Cat5e – UTP cable, Crimping tool, LAN
(Local Area Network) Cable Tester.

Procedure:
1. Strip the cable back 1 inch (25 mm) from the end. Insert the cable into the stripper section of the tool and
squeeze it tight. Then, rotate the crimping tool around the cable in a smooth and even motion to create a clean
cut.
2. Untwist and straighten the wires inside of the cable.
3. Arrange the wires into the right order.

Straight:
End-1 End-2
Orange/White Orange/White
Orange Orange
Green/White Green/White
Blue Blue
Blue/White Blue/White
Green Green
Brown/White Brown/White
Brown Brown

Cross:
End-1 End-2
Green/White Orange/White
Green Orange
Orange/White Green/White
Blue Blue
Blue/White Blue/White
Orange Green
Brown/White Brown/White
Brown Brown

4. Cut the wires into an even line 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) from sheathing.
Insert the wires into the RJ-45 connector.
Stick the connector into the crimping part of the tool and squeeze twice.
5. Remove the cable from the tool and check that all of the pins are down.
6. Using the LAN tester check the connections. If LED of LAN tester flows in order then the cable is ready to
use.