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Lesson 12 Pile Settlement c

This lesson focuses on pile settlement and the consolidation process in saturated soils. Students will learn to determine pile patterns, compute soil pressures, and calculate pile foundation settlement. Key concepts include the consolidation settlement process, stress distribution methods, and relevant calculations for effective overburden pressure and compression index.

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Patrice Mica D. Namalata
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8 views

Lesson 12 Pile Settlement c

This lesson focuses on pile settlement and the consolidation process in saturated soils. Students will learn to determine pile patterns, compute soil pressures, and calculate pile foundation settlement. Key concepts include the consolidation settlement process, stress distribution methods, and relevant calculations for effective overburden pressure and compression index.

Uploaded by

Patrice Mica D. Namalata
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 12

Pile Settlement
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

1. Determine the number of piles and arrange in a pattern that conform with ACI
specifications
2. Computation of Soil Pressures and Change in Pressure
3. Compute the pile foundation settlement.
Time Frame: 3 hours

Introduction:
When a saturated soil is loaded externally, the water is squeezed out
of the soil and the soil shrinks, over a long time may be up to several years
depending upon the permeability of the soil this whole phenomena is called
consolidation
Concept of Consolidation
As the time passes the water comes out of
the soil voids and so the volume of soil
decreases, this is the cause of the settlement.
Consolidation Settlement
• It occurs due to the process of consolidation.
• Clay and Organic soil are most prone to consolidation settlement.
• Consolidation is the process of reduction in volume due to
expulsion of water under an increased load.
• It is a time related process occurring in saturated soil by draining
water from void.
• It is often confused with Compaction.
• Consolidation theory is required to predict both rate and
magnitude of settlement.
• Since water flows out in any direction, the process is three
dimensional.
• But, soil is confined laterally. Hence, vertical one dimensional
consolidation theory is acceptable.
• Spring analogy explains consolidation settlement.
• Permeability of soil influences consolidation.
Settlement Due To Consolidation
Settlement is the vertically downward
movement of structure due to the shrinkage in
volume of soil due to consolidation.
(when the original void ratio 𝑒o , and the change
in void ratio Δe are known, use this equation)
1. Let the depth of embedment of the piles be L. the
group is subjected to a total load of Qg. If the pile cap is
below the original ground surface, Qg equals the total
load of the superstructure on the piles minus the
effective weight of soil above the pile group removed
by excavation.
2. Assume that the load Qg is transmitted to the soil
beginning at a depth of 2L/3 from the top of the pile, as
shown in the figure. The load Qg spreads out along 2
vertical: 1 horizontal line from this depth. Lines 𝑎𝑎′and
𝑏𝑏′ are two 2:1 lines.
3. Calculate the stress increase caused at the middle of
each soil layer by the load Qg:
The consolidation settlement of a group pile in clay can be
approximately estimated by using the 2:1 stress distribution
method. The procedure of calculation involves the following steps
(refer to the given figure.)
Example:
Cc= 0.0.23 eo =0.80 ϒsilt = 100 #/ft³

Note: elev. 342 instead of elev. 348


Soil properties from elev. 348- elev. 322
Cc= 0.23 eo =0.80 ϒclay soil = 100 #/ft³

ϒclay = 114 #/ft³ Cc= 0.34 eo =1.08


ϒclay = 125 #/ft³ Cc= 0.20 eo =0.70
Basis of the Computations for
A cross section through a layer of clay with thickness H and with its
midheight located at a depth D below the original ground surface. The
original effective pressure at a point A is equal to P̅o and the increase in
pressure ΔP. The void ratio of the clay before construction is eo.

Settlement
C H
Computation
∆P + P
c o
Po = ϒdry(h1) + (ϒsat - ϒw) h2
P
S= log ∆P =
1 + 𝑒o Po B + x (L + x)
(for rectangular sections)
P
∆P =
B+x 2
(for square sections)

Cc = Compression index

𝑒o = void ratio
Exercises:

1) A group of friction piles in deep clay is shown on the figure. The total load on the piles
reduced by the weight of soil displayed by the foundation is 1700 kN. Thickness of silt is
1.5 m. and that of clay is 16 m.
a) Compute the effective overburden pressure (effective weight of soil above mid height of
the consolidating layer).
b) Compute the compression index of the clay layer.
c) Compute the approximate total settlement of the pile foundation. See figure 1.
Figure 1.
Problem 2.
References:

Braja M. Das, Principles of Foundation Engineering


Ralph B. Peck, Walter E. Hanson & Thomas H. Thornburn; FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
2nd ed
Solution
1) Effective overburden pressure:

For friction piles in deep clay, the equivalent (imaginary) mat maybe assumed at a plane located at 2/3 the pile
depth. Consolidation of soil below that plane is then computed as if the piles are no longer present.

Po = 16(1.5)+17.8(2)+(18.7-9.81)(9)
Po = 139.61 kPa

Compression index:
w − PL
LI =
LL − PL
38.24 − 23.34
0.8 =
LL − 23.34
LL = 41.965
Cc = 0.009 (LL - 10)
Cc = 0.288

1) Approximate settlement:
Cc H ∆P + Po
S= log
1+e Po

0.288(10) 139.61 + 30.36


S= log
1 + 0.78 139.61

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