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Conditionals

The document explains conditional sentences, which consist of a condition and a result, using various structures such as zero, first, second, third, and mixed conditionals. Each type serves a different purpose, from stating general truths to imagining unlikely situations or reflecting on past events. Examples illustrate how these conditionals are formed and used in different contexts.

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Juliana Brunelli
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4 views

Conditionals

The document explains conditional sentences, which consist of a condition and a result, using various structures such as zero, first, second, third, and mixed conditionals. Each type serves a different purpose, from stating general truths to imagining unlikely situations or reflecting on past events. Examples illustrate how these conditionals are formed and used in different contexts.

Uploaded by

Juliana Brunelli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Conditional sentences  complex sentences with two part: a condition (if / unless) and a result.

The
condition sets up a situation and the result tells us what will happen it that situation occurs.

- If it rains, we will stay indoors

Grammar explanation: conditionals describe the result of a certain condition. The if clause tells you the
condition and the main clause tells you the result  [if you study hard] [you will pass your exams]

Zero conditional We use it to talk about things that are generally true,
[if/when + present simple >> present especially for laws and rules
simple] - If I drink too much coffee, I can’t sleep at night
- Ice melts if you heat it
- When the sun goes down, it gests dark
First conditional We use it to talk about future situations we believe are
[if/when + present simple >> will + real or possible
infinitive] - If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the beach
We also use this structure with unless, - Arsenal will be top of the league if they win
as long as, as soon as or in case instead - When I finish work, I’ll call you
of it.
- I’ll leave as soon as the
babysitter arrives
- I don’t want to stay in London
unless I get a well-paid job
- I’ll give you a key in case I’m not
at home
- You can go to the party, as long
as you´re back by midnight
Second conditional ´ Used to imagine present or future situations that are
[if + past simple >> + would + infinitive impossible or unlikely to happen
- If we had a garden, we could have a cat
- If I won a lot of money, Id buy a big house in the
country
- I wouldn’t worry if I were you
When if is followed by the verb be it is grammatically
correct to say if I were , if he were, if she were and if it
were but it is also common to hear is with was
- If I were you, I wouldn’t mention it
- If she was prime minister, she would invest more
money in schools
- He would travel more if he was younger
Third conditional Used to imagine a different past. We imagine a change in a
[if + past perfect >> would have + past past situation and the different result of that change
participle] - If I had understood the instructions properly, I
would have passed the exam
- We wouldn’t have got lost if my phone hadn’t run
out of battery
Mixed conditional Used when we imagine a past change with a result in the
1. Past/present [if + past perfect present or a present change with a result in the past
>> would + infinitive] 1. Past/present  If I hadn’t got the job in Tokyo, I
2. Present/past [if + past simple >> wouldn’t be with my current partner
would have + past participle] 2. Present/past  it’s really important. If it wasn’t, I
wouldn’t have called you on your holiday

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