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Linux Operating System Installation Steps

The document provides a step-by-step guide on how to install a Linux operating system on a Windows 10 PC, including partitioning the hard drive and creating a bootable USB drive. It outlines the process of downloading a Linux distribution, using Rufus to write the ISO file to a USB, and installing Linux from the USB. Additionally, it includes warnings about data loss and BIOS settings during the installation process.

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rincejohn80
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© © All Rights Reserved
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54 views

Linux Operating System Installation Steps

The document provides a step-by-step guide on how to install a Linux operating system on a Windows 10 PC, including partitioning the hard drive and creating a bootable USB drive. It outlines the process of downloading a Linux distribution, using Rufus to write the ISO file to a USB, and installing Linux from the USB. Additionally, it includes warnings about data loss and BIOS settings during the installation process.

Uploaded by

rincejohn80
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practical 2 Installation of Linux Operating System

Theory:

Linux is a family of open-source operating systems. They are


based on the Linux kernel and are free to download. They can be
installed on either a Mac or Windows computer. Here’s how to
install Linux on a Windows 10 PC.

If you want to dual boot Linux and Windows, you will need to
create a space for your Linux OS to live. In order to do this, you
will have to partition your main hard drive. Here’s how to do that:

 How to Partition a Hard Drive in Windows 10

1. Open the Windows Search Bar. This is the magnifying glass-


shaped icon in the bottom-left corner of your screen.
2. Then type “DISKMGMT.MSC” in the search bar and hit enter

.
3. Right-click on your main hard drive and select Shrink
Volume. If you have more than one drive, make sure to choose
the one that says Primary Partition. This will usually be labeled as
the C: drive.

4. Then choose how much you want to shrink your drive. It is


recommended that you set aside at least 20GB (20,000MB) for
Linux.
5. Finally, click Shrink.

Once you have a designated space to install Linux, you’ll need to


write a Linux Distro onto a USB thumb drive or external drive 4GB
or larger. Here’s how to do that:

How to Make a Linux Bootable USB

1. Download a Linux distro in ISO format. An ISO file is a disk


image. Some of the top options are Ubuntu, Mint, or Fedora. They
are free to download from each distribution’s main website. For
this article, we are using Ubuntu.
2. Insert the USB drive into your computer. You might be asked
to format your drive. This will erase all the data stored on your
drive, so make sure to back up your files before you begin.
3. Download Rufus. You can find the latest version of the
application here.
4. Open Rufus and select your USB drive from the Device list. If
you don’t know which drive to use, eject all other drives until you
only have one to choose from.
5. Under Boot Selection, click the Select button and choose the
ISO file you downloaded earlier. Don’t change the other default
settings.
6. Finally, click Start. If you get a pop-up message asking you to
select a mode that you want to use to write the image, choose
ISO.

Then wait for Rufus to mount your ISO file onto your drive. This
might take some time, so be patient if the progress bar gets stuck.

Warning: This will erase all the data on your drive, so make sure
to back up any important files.

 How to Install Linux from USB

Now that you have your Linux distro on a USB, here’s how to

1. Insert a bootable Linux USB drive.


2. Click the start menu. This is the button in the lower-left corner of
your screen that looks like the Windows logo.
3. Then hold down the SHIFT key while clicking Restart. This will
take you into the Windows Recovery Environment.

4. Then select Use a Device.


5. Find your device in the list. If you don’t see your drive, choose
EFI USB Device, then pick your drive from the next screen.
6. Your computer will now boot Linux. If your computer reboots
Windows, there was either an issue with your drive, or you might
have to change settings in your BIOS.

Warning: Changing BIOS settings can damage your computer if


you don’t know what you’re doing.

7. Select Install Linux. Some distros also let you try out the OS
before installing it here.

8. Go through the installation process. This will differ depending


on which distro you are trying to install. These details might
include your WiFi network, language, time zone, keyboard layout,
etc. You might also be required to create an account with a
username and password. Make sure to write down any details, as
you will likely need them in the future.
9. Most distros will allow you to partition your drive or erase it
and do a clean install during the installation.

Warning: Erasing your disk will mean you will lose your settings,
files, and Windows operating system. Only select Erase if you
have saved copies of all your files before starting the install
process.

10. Reboot your computer when prompted. If you have more than
one OS in your system, you will be taken to a GNU GRUB screen
after rebooting. This screen allows you to select which OS you
want to boot.
If you do not see a GRUB screen when you boot up your
computer, you can try moving your Linux distro higher on your
boot list in BIOS.

When you’re done, you can do a hardware check. In some cases,


you may need to download additional drivers to make some
hardware work. The option to download drivers can be found in
the Systems Settings of your new Linux OS. After verifying that
your hardware is working properly, you can start exploring and
using your Linux distro.

Conclusion : In this way, we studied about how to download and


install Linux operating System.

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