REV.

05
JULY 2023
TIGHTENING
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GOLDEN RULES FOR
EXPERIENCE
IN – SERVICE

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PROPRIETARY INFORMATION

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This document is proprietary of Safran Landing Systems

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Its use is strictly limited to Safran Landing Systems customers

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operating and/or repairing the relevant equipment.

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It shall never be copied nor transmitted to any other organization

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without prior Safran Landing Systems authorization.
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Information and advices given in this document are not contractual.

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In no case this document supersedes, for operation and/or
maintenance purposes, the applicable Safran Landing Systems

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technical publications:

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Component Maintenance Manual (CMM),

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Standard Practices Manual (SPM),
Service Bulletin (SB),
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Service Letter (SL),
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Repair Design Approval Sheet (RDAS).

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01

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INTRODUCTION

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02

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GENERALITIES

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03 PREREQUISITES

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TIGHTENING METHODS

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FIRST STEPS ta wn

05 TIGHTENING METHODS
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ANGLE
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TIGHTENING METHODS
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EXAMPLES
07

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OF TIE BOLT DAMAGES

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08

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FREQUENTLY
ASKED QUESTIONS

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09 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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10 WEBSITE AND

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E-SERVICE
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INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION LETTER

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We are pleased to introduce this new In-Service Experience dedicades to tightening

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procedures.

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In order to share our common expertise and experience, all comments about this In-
-

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Service Experience are welcomed.
New subjects and worshop comments will be introduced throught updates.

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Do not hesitate to contact your local Safran Landing Systems Customer Support

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Manager (CSM) for further details.
Our objectives:

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To adapt our recommendations to your operation whenever possible.
To anticipate and comply with environmental and health constraints.
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To continuously improve the In-Service performance of our equipment.
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To reduce the maintenance cost for Airlines / Workshop

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Revision
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Corrections, updates or new information included on this In-Service Experience are highlighted by a
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black revision bar (left hand side).

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YOUR PRODUCT SUPPORT TEAM

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Aliénor LEIBENGUTH (PSE maintenance)

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+33 (0) 7 89 36 00 94

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[email protected]
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Nabil SAAD (PSE maintenance)

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+33 (0) 7 86 41 51 40

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[email protected]

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Romain LEO (Apprentice PSE)
+33 (0) 7 87 96 40 23
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[email protected]
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STANDARD PRACTICES MANUAL (SPM)

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32-09-01

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Standard Practices Manual (SPM) 32-09-01

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Describes all the standard maintenance procedures

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that can be referred to in wheels and brakes CMMs,
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Provides Minimum Requirement Tests (MRT) for

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several procedures (paint stripping, cleaning, painting, etc.)
to allow the workshops to use alternate products.

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IN-SERVICE EXPERIENCE

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Safran Landing Systems provides detailed

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In - Service Experience (ISE) dedicated to

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maintenance processes
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Golden rules for Detection of defects,

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Golden rules for Corrosion treatment,
Golden rules for Painting,

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Golden rules for Bearings,

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Golden rules for Piston assembly
Golden rules for Tire inflation & deflation,
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Golden rules for Best practices for wheel & brakes,
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Please, do not hesitate to consult these documents

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as your question may have already been answered

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GENERALITIES
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GENERALITIES – TIE BOLTS

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Functions

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Hold the two half-wheels together
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Withstand the loading of the aircraft and the inflation of the tire
Allow repeated assembly and disassembly throughout their life

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Component

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Tie bolt Washer Nut

NOTE : This ISE defines an assembly as a tie bolt, two washers and a nut.
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GENERALITIES – TIE BOLTS

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Tie bolt material

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Steel alloys

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Coated to add a corrosion protection (Cadium)

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NOTE : Cadium plating can have different colors.
Inconel

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Chemical passivation (improve corrosion resistance)

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Nickel-cobalt alloy
Chemical passivation (improve corrosion resistance)

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Nuts and washers materials
Steel alloys
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Coated to add a corrosion protection (cadium)

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Steel alloy with Inconel Nickel-cobalt

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Cadium plating (passivated) (passivated)

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GENERALITIES – ANTI-SEIZE COMPOUNDS

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Function

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Protection against rust and corrosion

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Reduce friction
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Speed assembly and disassembly
Resist seizing, galling and cold welding

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Norms

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MIL-PRF-83483 (MIL-T-83483)

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SAE-AMS 2518 (MIL-T-5544 or AIR 4247)

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Nyco grease GN 25013 (MIL-G-25013E)
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NOTE : The anti-seize compound to use is always specified CAUTION : Do not mix a specified anti-seize
in the equipment applicable CMM. compound with a solvent, lubricant or another anti-
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seize compound.
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NOTE : Some programs also refer to a specific anti-seize

compound from Nyco GN 25013.
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Follow the instructions of the equipment according to the

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applicable CMM
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GENERALITIES – ANTI-SEIZE COMPOUNDS

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TORQUE VALUES

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Some CMMs can specify differents norms for anti-seize compounds

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NOTE : Anti-seize compound as per MIL-PRF-83483 have a higher lubricating property.
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CAUTION : Refer to the applicable CMM for instruction and torque values.

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Preliminary and final torque values depend on the norm of anti-seize compound used :

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GENERALITIES – ANTI-SEIZE COMPOUNDS

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Comparison between torque applied versus anti-seize compound to get the same preload :

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NOTE : Torque values are approximately 25% higher when using anti-seize compound as per SAE-AMS 2518.

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240 N.m

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Mean value

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220 N.m

25%
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180 N.m
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Mean value MIL-PRF-83483

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SAE-AMS 2518
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GENERALITIES – DEFINITIONS

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NOTE : For a tie bolt system (tie bolt and nut), torque is always applied to the

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nut with the tie bolt held in a manner that it cannot rotate.

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Preliminary torque (pre-torque)
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Initial torque applied to all tie bolts to ensure that the half-wheels are evenly
in contact

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Final torque

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Torque applied after preliminary torque in order to obtain the desired preload

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Torque angle

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Controlled rotation of the nut through a predetermined number of degrees
based on the tie bolt geometry in order to obtain the desired preload
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criss-cross pattern
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Specific pattern of tightening which avoid elastic interactions (loss of

preload) from a tie bolt to another
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PREREQUISITES
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PREREQUISITES – CLEANING AND INSPECTION

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Ensure that all parts are clean before inspection and assembly

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Refer to the applicable CMM and SPM 32-09-01 Section No. 75 for recommended cleaning

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products
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Damages may occur if tie bolts are cleaned together without precaution,

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
To prevent such damages, some operators use the following cleaning setup for tie bolts

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    
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PREREQUISITES – APPLICATION OF ANTI-SEIZE COMPOUND

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All the parts must have been inspected before assembly

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Refer to the applicable CMM,

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Refer to the applicable SPM 32-09-01 Section No. 40A and 41,
NOTE : For more information about NDT processes and purposes, please refer
to Safran Landing Systems ISE – Detection of defects Rev. 00

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Health and safety recommendation

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Anti-seize compound may cause skin irritation :

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Wear disposable latex gloves
CAUTION : Areas where anti-seize compound is applied can vary from a
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program to another. Refer to the applicable CMM for instruction.
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PREREQUISITES – APPLICATION OF ANTI-SEIZE COMPOUND

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Step-by-step : application

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Use gloves to apply anti-seize compound,

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Apply anti-seize compound as per CMM :
 Threaded area of the tie bolt and nut

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 Under the tie bolt head
 Both sides of the washers

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 Contact surface of the nut

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CAUTION : Areas where anti-seize compound
is applied can vary from a program to another.
Refer to the applicable CMM for instruction.
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CAUTION : Correctly apply anti-seize
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compound. Anti-seize compound that is not

m

applied correctly can cause incorrect tie bolt

tension which can cause a tie bolt rupture.
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Scheme of anti-seize compound application

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PREREQUISITES – APPLICATION OF ANTI-SEIZE COMPOUND

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Poor lubrication may lead to tie bolt failure

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Step-by-step : quantity

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Refer to the chart here after to apply the

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recommended quantity of anti-seize
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compound


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NOTE : All surfaces to be lubricated must be
clean and free from any debris or corrosion. Good lubrication

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NOTE : Anti-seize compound is easier to apply
when warm.

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CAUTION : Areas where anti-seize compound
is applied can vary from a program to another.
Refer to the applicable CMM for instruction. 
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Overabundant lubrication - May lead to tie bolt loose
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m
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PREREQUISITES – WASHER INSTALLATION

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Proper installation

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Step-by-step : application

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Perform an inspection of each washer before installation :

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Washers have to be free from damage and corrosion,
Discard defective washers.

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NOTE : The chamfered side of the washer must always face the head
of the tie bolt and of the nut.


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Improper installation

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Chamfered side
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PREREQUISITES – NUT BREAKAWAY CHECK TORQUE

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Scope

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Purpose and description

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Record the torque value at the point where the fastener
(screw or nut) starts moving,

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It allows to determine the degree of tightening of this already-
tightened fastener.

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Placing the fastener in motion requires more force to
overcome friction to move from static to dynamic torque.

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The breakaway torque value corresponds to a peak value,
Residual torque is the amount of torque required to maintain
ta wn
the movement of the mating threads
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Digital torque-meter allows more accurate reading of the

m

value, it also allows a recording of peak value.

 It is also more compliant with CMM recommendations.
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PREREQUISITES – NUT BREAKAWAY CHECK TORQUE

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Step-by-step – by hand :

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Select a clean tie bolt and nut

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Apply a layer of anti-seize compound to the
threads of the tie bolt, if required in the applicable

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CMM
Run-on the nut onto the tie bolt with your hand

 
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until you cannot turn it anymore

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If the end of the tie bolt is flush with, or above the

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head of the nut, discard the nut
CAUTION : This method allows to easily check a
ta wn
defective nut but is less accurate than the
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breakaway torque wrench measurement.

m
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PREREQUISITES – NUT BREAKAWAY CHECK TORQUE

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Step-by-step – torque wrench :

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Select a clean tie bolt and nut

nd and A
Apply a layer of anti-seize compound to the threads of the tie bolt, if required in the applicable
-

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CMM
Tighten the nut sufficiently to get two or three complete threads of the tie bolt above the top of the

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nut

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NOTE : The first thread of the tie bolt is conical and may affect the breakaway measurement.
NOTE : For more information, please refer to next page.

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Loosen the nut with a digital torque wrench and record the breakaway torque :
Ensure that the breakaway torque meets the CMM criteria
ta wn
If not, test the nut again with a brand new tie bolt ;
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 If the breakaway torque value is insufficient, discard the nut

m

 If the breakaway torque value is compliant with the new tie bolt, check the first tie bolt tested for wear and
e ial

threads damages.
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CAUTION : Minimum breakaway torque value can be different from a program to another. Always
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refer to the equipment applicable CMM

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PREREQUISITES – NUT BREAKAWAY CHECK TORQUE

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Step-by-step – torque wrench (cont’d) :

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The number of complete threads above the nut affect the breakaway measurement value,

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It can lead to incorrect interpretation of the breakaway torque value.
NOTE : The first thread of the tie bolt is conical and may affect the breakaway measurement.

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Measurement with less
Measurement with two or
than two or three

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three complete threads

 
complete threads above
above the top of the nut.

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the top of the nut.

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PREREQUISITES – TIRE AND WHEEL ASSEMBLY

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This section illustrates a typical tire and

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wheel assembly processes using a stand

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NOTE : Products and/or processes steps may vary
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depending on the equipment.

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Always refer to the applicable CMM.
Wheel assembly stand suppliers (example) :

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Bauer : Industry-Leading Aircraft Test Stands,

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Equipment, Systems & Support (bauerct.com)

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Kunz : KUNZ Aircraft Equipment (kunz-
aircraft.com)
ta wn
CAUTION : These equipment are not tested by
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Safran Landing Systems.

m

Brand names are given for information only, not for

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any product endorsement.

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PREREQUISITES – TIRE AND WHEEL ASSEMBLY

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ns AM ag
er
Recommendations

itio T rte
Be especially careful when installing a half-wheel on the

nd and A
other. Tie bolt can hit the radius of their holes if both half-
-

Co AN avid
wheels are not correctly centered, leading to damages and
corrosion development which can propagate into cracks. 2

- L y: D
Some operators are using guides to center the half-wheel 1
when lowering it onto the other. Misalignement of the tie bolt Contact area in the

es d b
tie bolt hole
NOTE : Safran Landing Systems recommends to use centering

rlin e
pins or guide cones and heat shrinkable sleeves to avoid any

Ai load
damages in the tie bolt hole and in its contact area.
For more information about centering pin available for each
ta wn
program, please refer to next pages.
La - Do
m

3
e ial

Example of defects due to contact between the

us nt

tie bolt and the tie bolt hole inner diameter

of
e ide
nf

28 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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PREREQUISITES – TIRE AND WHEEL ASSEMBLY

M a on
Safran Landing Systems Tool PNR

ns AM ag
Recommendation – centering pin :

er
Aircraft

itio T rte
NLG MLG
Safran Landing Systems recommends to use three

nd and A
centring pin per wheel in the assembly / disassembly ► 737 T48262-07 T48262-10
processes to ensure the isometric guidance from one
-

Co AN avid
half-wheel to the other. ► 767 - T48262-10

- L y: D
► 777 T48262-12

es d b
► 787-9 T48262-10 T48262-12

rlin e
Ai load
► 787-8 T48262-10 T48262-11

►
ta wn
A320 / A300 - T48262-10
La - Do

► A350-900 T48262-10 T48262-12

m

► A350-1000 T48262-10 T48262-11

e ial
us nt

► ATR 72 T48262-05 T48262-06

of
e ide

PNR T48262-12
nf

29 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
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r u -Ap
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PREREQUISITES – TIRE AND WHEEL ASSEMBLY

M a on
Recommendation – centering pin (cont’d) :

ns AM ag
er
itio T rte
nd and A
-

Co AN avid
- L y: D
es d b
Half wheel
Centering pin
1 Tire installation 2 installation 3

rlin e
installation

Ai load
ta wn
La - Do

≈ 120°
m
e ial

NOTE : For centering pin recommendation

us nt

of use, please refer to SL F6137-32-128.

of
e ide

Wheel tightening 4 Tightened wheel 5

nf

30 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
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PREREQUISITES – TIRE AND WHEEL ASSEMBLY

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Guide cones and heat shrinkable sleeves

itio T rte
NOTE : Safran Landing Systems is currently developing a tooling solution and testing compatibility across

nd and A
several programs. First feedbacks are highly positive.
-

Co AN avid
CAUTION : Currently the prototype is under qualification on Boeing 777, Boeing 787-9 / -10 and

- L y: D
Airbus A350-800 / -900. Excepted to be available for November 2023.

es d b
rlin e
Ai load
ta wn
La - Do
m
e ial
us nt
of
e ide

Prototype of tie bolt “bullets” and heat shrinkable sleeves

nf

31 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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r u -Ap
ge 06
PREREQUISITES – TIRE AND WHEEL ASSEMBLY

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Suitable sockets should be used (no interference with

itio T rte
the wheel)

nd and A
Use a protective device in order to protect the tubewell
-

Co AN avid
from shocks
CAUTION : Do not let socket, torque wrench or nut hit the

- L y: D
tubewell. A shock may lead to cracks.
1

es d b
rlin e
2
Ai load
ta wn
La - Do
m
e ial

3
us nt
of
e ide

Example of protective device Evidence of shocks on the tubewell that lead to cracks
nf

32 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
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r u -Ap
ge 06
PREREQUISITES – TIRE AND WHEEL ASSEMBLY

M a on
ns AM ag
er
During run-on, some operators are using this type of

itio T rte
pneumatic impact wrench to prevent damage and torque

nd and A
reaction
-

Co AN avid
- L y: D
es d b
rlin e
Ai load
ta wn
La - Do
m
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

33 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
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r u -Ap
ge 06
PREREQUISITES – TIRE AND WHEEL ASSEMBLY

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Step-by-step assembly

itio T rte
nd and A
-

Co AN avid
- L y: D
es d b
rlin e
Ai load
ta wn
La - Do
m
e ial
us nt

Assembly stand Installation of the tie bolts together with their washers
of
e ide
nf

34 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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r u -Ap
ge 06
PREREQUISITES – TIRE AND WHEEL ASSEMBLY

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Application of silicone grease to

itio T rte
the preformed packing and its

nd and A
installation on the inner half-
-

Co AN avid
wheel

- L y: D
es d b
rlin e
Ai load
ta wn
La - Do
m

1 2 3
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

35 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
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r u -Ap
ge 06
PREREQUISITES – TIRE AND WHEEL ASSEMBLY

M a on
ns AM ag
er
NOTE : Be especially careful : all

itio T rte
tie bolts must come out at the same

nd and A
time in order to avoid any damage
-

Co AN avid
to the wheel.
NOTE : Safran Landing Systems

- L y: D
recommends to use centering pins
or guide cones and heat shrinkable

es d b
sleeves to avoid any damages in
the tie bolt hole and in its contact

rlin e
area.

Ai load
ta wn
La - Do
m

1 2 3
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

36 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
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r u -Ap
ge 06
PREREQUISITES – TIRE AND WHEEL ASSEMBLY

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Application of Molykote G-Rapid

itio T rte
Plus (paste form) to the mating

nd and A
surface
-

Co AN avid
NOTE : Be especially careful : all
tie bolts must come out at the same

- L y: D
time in order to avoid any damage
to the wheel.

es d b
CAUTION : Application of Molykote

rlin e
G-Rapid Plus can vary from a

Ai load
program to another.
Molykote G-Rapid Plus is not
ta wn
recommended in all programs,
La - Do

Refer to the applicable CMM for

m

instructions.
1 2 3
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

37 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
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r u -Ap
ge 06
PREREQUISITES – TIRE AND WHEEL ASSEMBLY

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Installation of the washers

itio T rte
(lubricated with anti-seize

nd and A
compound)
-

Co AN avid
NOTE : Please refer to page 22 for
more information about washer

- L y: D
installation.
Installation of the nuts by hand

es d b
NOTE : The chamfered side of the

rlin e
washer must always face the head

Ai load
of the tie bolt. ta wn
La - Do
m

1 2
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

38 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
Co

This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
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r u -Ap
ge 06
PREREQUISITES – WHEEL DISASSEMBLY

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Loosening operation

itio T rte
During loosening, half-wheels are not longer forced against each other

nd and A
-

Co AN avid
Tire may apply a force to the half wheel bead seat that may put one half wheel
askew to the other

- L y: D
It may lead to damage to the mating face and/or tie bolts holes
To avoid any damages to the mating face and/or tie bolt hole during

es d b
loosening, Safran Landing Systems recommends to clamp the wheel :

rlin e
Prior loosening of the bolts assembly, use a clamping tool to maintain each

Ai load
half wheel together
Ensure the half wheel alignment by the use of centering pins for assembly and
ta wn
disassembly operations
La - Do

NOTE : SL F6137-32-128 describes the use of centering pins and applicable cases
m

NOTE : Guide cones and shrinkable sleeves have the same function as centering pins
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

39 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
SL
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r u -Ap
ge 06
PREREQUISITES – WHEEL DISASSEMBLY

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Recommendations

itio T rte
Prior loosening of the bolts, clamp both half-wheels together through

nd and A
their hubs using a clamping tool or hand-held tool as shown below,
-

Co AN avid
First loosen the nuts and then remove the bolts,

- L y: D
Release the clamping force to free both half-wheels.
NOTE: If removal is done in a vertical plan, pay attention not to drop the

es d b
half-wheels.

rlin e
Ai load
ta wn
La - Do
m
e ial
us nt
of
e ide

Commercially available tool Locally designed tool

nf

40 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
SL
nd r-
r u -Ap
ge 06
M a on
ns AM ag
er
itio T rte
nd and A
-

Co AN avid
- L y: D
es d b
rlin e
Ai load
ta wn

TIGHTENING
La - Do
m

METHODS – FIRST STEPS

e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

41 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
SL
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r u -Ap
ge 06
TIGHTENING METHODS – FIRST STEPS

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Introduction

itio T rte
NOTE : For more information on tightening methods, refer to the applicable SPM 32-09-01, Section No. 74.

nd and A
-

Co AN avid
Ensure :
To have the applicable torque values for the equipment,

- L y: D
 Refer to the applicable CMM.
The torque wrench(es), automatic torquing machine(s) and, if necessary, pneumatic impact wrench(es) are properly

es d b
calibrated,

rlin e
NOTE : Usual torque wrench accuracy is 4% (to be taken into account), when tightening to a given torque, the applied torque will be

Ai load
accurate to ±4% of the desired value.
Anti-seize compound was not wipe off the tie bolts during their installation,
ta wn
Tie bolts can not rotate during the tightening of the nuts.
La - Do
m
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

42 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
SL
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r u -Ap
ge 06
TIGHTENING METHODS – FIRST STEPS

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Nuts run-on (if necessary)

itio T rte
NOTE : For more information on tightening methods, refer to the applicable

nd and A
SPM 32-09-01, Section No. 74.
-

Co AN avid
Nuts may be run onto tie bolts with a pneumatic impact wrench in a criss-

- L y: D
cross pattern to ease and quicken the assembly stage.
Nuts must be hand-screwed onto the first tie bolt threads prior using the

es d b
pneumatic impact wrench to avoid any damage to the first threads
Run-on motion must be continuous and at a low speed (around 100 RPM) to

rlin e
Ai load
avoid high heat generated by friction and centrifugation of anti-seize compound
The torque applied with the pneumatic impact wrench must not exceed 50% of
ta wn
the preliminary torque value
La - Do

CAUTION : When the pneumatic impact wrench stops, release the tool trigger
ortherwise over-tightening may occur.
m
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

43 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
SL
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r u -Ap
ge 06
TIGHTENING METHODS – FIRST STEPS

M a on
ns AM ag
er
criss-cross pattern(s)

itio T rte
Depending on the aircraft program and on the method performed, criss-cross patterns may differ.

nd and A
-

Co AN avid
CAUTION : Always refer to the applicable CMM and SPM 32-09-01, Section No. 74 for adequate criss-cross pattern.

- L y: D
es d b
rlin e
Ai load
ta wn
La - Do
m
e ial

Tool made of cardboard may help to follow the

us nt

correct order of tightening during a criss-cross Example of differents criss-cross patterns

of
e ide

pattern.
nf

44 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
SL
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r u -Ap
ge 06
M a on
ns AM ag
er
itio T rte
nd and A
-

Co AN avid
- L y: D
es d b
rlin e
Ai load
ta wn
La - Do
m
e ial

TIGHTENING METHODS
us nt
of
e ide
nf

45 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
SL
nd r-
r u -Ap
ge 06
TIGHTENING METHODS – MANUAL TIGHTENING

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Preliminary torque

itio T rte
Use a torque wrench, and adjust the disengagement to the preliminary torque value indicated in the applicable CMM.

nd and A
-

Co AN avid
Apply the preliminary torque to the nuts in a criss-cross pattern.
Do not jerk the torque wrench while applying the preliminary torque.

- L y: D
NOTE : Smooth and consistent motion ensure a proper application and avoid any damage to the threads.

es d b
Final torque
Use a torque wrench, and adjust the disengagement to the final torque value indicate in the applicable CMM.

rlin e
Ai load
Apply the final torque to the nuts :
In a clockwise pattern ;
ta wn
 Apply the final torque to the first 4 nuts in a criss-cross pattern,
La - Do

 Apply the final torque in a clockwise pattern.

m

Or, in a criss-cross pattern

e ial

Do not jerk the torque wrench while applying the preliminary torque.
us nt
of
e ide

NOTE : Smooth and consistent motion ensure a proper application and avoid any damage to the threads.
nf

46 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
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r u -Ap
TIGHTENING METHODS – MANUAL TIGHTENING

ge 06
M a on
Torque application

ns AM ag
Example of

er
1
preliminary and/or

itio T rte
final torque applied in

nd and A
a criss-cross pattern
-

Co AN avid
2 Example of final
torque applied in a

- L y: D
clockwise pattern :
criss-cross pattern

es d b
applied to the first
four nuts

rlin e
Ai load
Clockwise pattern
applied.
ta wn
Torque must be
applied in a smooth
La - Do

and consistent motion.

m
e ial

1 2
us nt
of
e ide
nf

Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
Co

This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
SL
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r u -Ap
ge 06
TIGHTENING METHODS – MANUAL TIGHTENING

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Failure modes and corrective actions

itio T rte
When applying the final torque:

nd and A
-

Co AN avid
The tie bolt would not be able to rotate :
 The preliminary torque is too high, loosen and remove the concerned assembly, clean and inspect it.

- L y: D
Perform the installation and tightening procedures again for this assembly.
Final torque application has been interrupted above 70% of the final torque value to be applied :

es d b
 Loosen and remove the concerned assembly, clean and inspect it. Perform the installation and
tightening procedures again for this assembly.

rlin e
Ai load
the final torque value applied exceeded the maximum torque value by more than 10% :
 Loosen, remove and discard the concerned assembly
ta wn
 Reperform the installation and tightening procedure with new assembly.
La - Do

NOTE : Ensure that the tie bolt hole and contact area with the tie bolt are not damaged.
m

NOTE : The margin of 10% within the range of 100% and 110% of the final torque value is a safety margin
for torque wrench accuracy and torque tolerance.
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

48 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
SL
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r u -Ap
ge 06
TIGHTENING METHODS – MANUAL TIGHTENING

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Failure modes and corrective actions

itio T rte
If a second nut is not able to rotate during final torque

nd and A
application :
-

Co AN avid
Loosen and remove all the tie bolts assembly, clean and inspect
them,

- L y: D
Reinstall the nut, washers and tie bolt again apply the
preliminary torque, pause, then apply the final torque.

es d b
CAUTION : Ensure that enough space is available to turn the

rlin e
torque wrench through 120° before applying the preliminary

Ai load
and/or final torque. ta wn
NOTE : Prior any manual tightening, perform a double check
and/or check the torque value set to the torque wrench.
La - Do
m
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

49 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
SL
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ge 06
TIGHTENING METHODS – AUTOMATIC TIGHTENING, SINGLE SPINDLE

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Preliminary torque

itio T rte
Set or select the preliminary torque value as indicated in the

nd and A
applicable CMM
-

Co AN avid
Apply the appropriate torque value to the nuts in a criss-cross

- L y: D
pattern.
Final torque

es d b
Set or select the final torque value as indicated in the CMM and

rlin e
apply it to the nuts :

Ai load
In a clockwise pattern ;
ta wn
 Apply the final torque to the first 4 nuts in a criss-cross pattern,
 Apply the final torque in a clockwise pattern.
La - Do
m

Or, in a criss-cross pattern.

e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

50 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
SL
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r u -Ap
TIGHTENING METHODS – AUTOMATIC TIGHTENING, SINGLE SPINDLE

ge 06
M a on
Torque application

ns AM ag
Example of

er
1
preliminary and/or

itio T rte
final torque applied in

nd and A
a criss-cross pattern
-

Co AN avid
2 Example of final
torque applied in a

- L y: D
clockwise pattern :
criss-cross pattern

es d b
applied to the first
four nuts

rlin e
Ai load
Clockwise pattern
applied.
ta wn
Torque must be
applied in a smooth
La - Do

and consistent motion.

m
e ial

1 2
us nt
of
e ide
nf

Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
Co

This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
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r u -Ap
ge 06
TIGHTENING METHODS – AUTOMATIC TIGHTENING, SINGLE SPINDLE

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Failure modes and corrective actions

itio T rte
If applied torque is lower than the specified minimum value :

nd and A
Loosen and remove the concerned tie bolts assembly,
-

Co AN avid
Clean and inspect them,

- L y: D
Reperform the installation and tightening processes for the concerned tie bolts assembly.
When applying the final torque, the final torque applied value exceeded the maximum torque value by less

es d b
than 10% :

rlin e
Loosen and remove the concerned tie bolts assembly,

Ai load
Clean and inspect them,
Reperform the installation and tightening processes for the concerned tie bolts assembly.
ta wn

When applying the final torque, the final torque value applied exceeded the maximum torque value by
La - Do

more than 10%, or by a unknown torque value:

m

Loosen, remove and discard the concerned tie bolts assembly,

e ial

NOTE : Ensure that the tie bolt hole and the interface area with the washers assembly are not damaged.
us nt
of
e ide

Reperform the installation and tightening processes with new tie bolts assembly.
nf

52 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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This document and the information therein are the property of Safran. They must not be copied or communicated to a third party without the prior written authorization of Safran
 er 2
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ge 06
TIGHTENING METHODS – AUTOMATIC TIGHTENING, DUAL SPINDLE

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Dual spindle in two steps (2 steps) :

itio T rte
Preliminary torque

nd and A
-

Co AN avid
Set or select the preliminary torque value as indicated in the applicable CMM
Apply the appropriate torque value to the nuts :

- L y: D
NOTE : Ensure that the two set of tie bolts tightened form an angle of 90° to each other.
 12 o’clock/6 o’clock position first,

es d b
 3 o’clock/9 o’clock position then.

rlin e
Ai load
Apply the preliminary torque to the remaining pairs of nuts in a clockwise
pattern.
ta wn
Final torque
La - Do

Set or select the final torque value as indicated in the applicable CMM and
apply it to the nuts :
m

 12 o’clock/6 o’clock position first,

e ial

 3 o’clock/9 o’clock position then.

us nt
of
e ide

Apply the final torque value to the remaining pairs of nuts in a clockwise pattern.
nf

53 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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TIGHTENING METHODS – AUTOMATIC TIGHTENING, DUAL SPINDLE

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Dual spindle in one step (1 step) :

itio T rte
Preliminary/Final torque in one step

nd and A
-

Co AN avid
Set or select the preliminary torque value as indicated in the applicable
CMM (preliminary then final torque value)

- L y: D
Apply the appropriate torque value to the nuts :
NOTE : Ensure that the two set of tie bolts tightened form an angle of 90° to

es d b
each other.
12 o’clock/6 o’clock position first,

rlin e


Ai load
 3 o’clock/9 o’clock position then.
Apply the preliminary/final torque to the remaining pairs of nuts in a
ta wn
clockwise pattern.
La - Do

NOTE : The preliminary torque value should be reached at a spindle speed no

m

greater than 110 RPM.

e ial

Then the final torque value should be reached at a spindle speed no

greater than 30 RPM.
us nt
of
e ide
nf

54 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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TIGHTENING METHODS – AUTOMATIC TIGHTENING, DUAL SPINDLE

ge 06
M a on
7’ 12
Torque application
6’ 1 Example of preliminary and/or final torque

ns AM ag
er
applied in a clockwise pattern for dual spindle

itio T rte
5’ 2 (one steps and two steps) :

nd and A
12 o’clock / 6 o’clock nut
-

Co AN avid
9 3
3 o’clock / 9 o’clock nut
Clockwise pattern

- L y: D
4’ 4

es d b
rlin e
3’

Ai load
3

≈ 90°
ta wn
2’ 5
La - Do

1’ 6
m

6 7
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ge 06
TIGHTENING METHODS – AUTOMATIC TIGHTENING, DUAL SPINDLE

M a on
Failure mode and corrective actions

ns AM ag
er
If applied load is lower than the specified minimum value :

itio T rte
Loosen and remove the concerned tie bolt with the opposite assembly at 180°,

nd and A
Clean and inspect them,
-

Co AN avid
Reperform the installation and tightening processes for these assemblies.
When applying the final torque, the final torque applied exceeded the maximum torque value by less than 10% :

- L y: D
Loosen and remove the concerned tie bolt with the opposite assembly at 180°,

es d b
Clean and inspect them,

rlin e
Reperform the installation and tightening processes for these assemblies.

Ai load
When applying the final torque, the final torque value applied exceeded the maximum torque value by more than 10% :
ta wn
Loosen, remove and discard the concerned assembly,
La - Do

NOTE : Ensure that the tie bolt hole and the interface area with the washers assembly are not damaged.
m

Replace it by a new assembly,

e ial

Loosen and remove the opposite assembly at 180°, clean and inspect it,
us nt

Reperform the installation and tightening processes for these assemblies.

of
e ide
nf

56 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ge 06
M a on
ns AM ag
er
itio T rte
nd and A
-

Co AN avid
- L y: D
es d b
rlin e
Ai load
ta wn

ANGLE
La - Do
m
e ial

TIGHTENING METHODS
us nt
of
e ide
nf

57 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ANGLE TIGHTENING METHODS – INTRODUCTION

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Main advantages over torque application methods :

itio T rte
More accurate

nd and A
-

Co AN avid
Method based only on the geometrical parameters of the tie bolt,
preload applied to the tie bolt is in direct relation with the flange.

- L y: D
Angle torque method reduces the variation of tie bolt / nut load.
Not influenced by anti-seize compounds

es d b
The angle remains the same whatever the type of anti-seize compound

rlin e
used (MIL-PRF-83483, SAE-AMS 2518 or MIL-G-25013E).

Ai load
NOTE : Safran Landing Systems recommends the use of angle
tightening method when it is allowed by the revelant CMM.
ta wn
La - Do
m
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

58 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ge 06
ANGLE TIGHTENING METHODS – MANUAL TIGHTENING

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Preliminary torque

itio T rte
With a torque wrench set to disengage at the preliminary torque value as

nd and A
indicated in the applicable CMM, apply the preliminary torque to the nuts in a
-

Co AN avid
criss-cross pattern.

- L y: D
Do not jerk the wrench while applying the preliminary torque.
NOTE : Smooth and consistent motion ensure a proper application and avoid any

es d b
damage to the threads.
Final angle tightening

rlin e
Ai load
Set the torque wrench to the maximum final torque as indicated in the
applicable CMM.
ta wn
NOTE : The maximum final torque value depends on the anti-seize compound applied
La - Do

on the assembly. Always refer to the applicable CMM.

m

Install the angle measuring tool on a nut and set its fixed angle to zero.
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

59 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ANGLE TIGHTENING METHODS – MANUAL TIGHTENING

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Final angle tightening (cont’d)

itio T rte
Tighten the nut to the angle value as indicated in the applicable CMM.

nd and A
-

Co AN avid
Do not jerk the wrench while tightening to get the angle.
NOTE : Smooth and consistent motion censure ensure a proper application and avoid any

- L y: D
damage to the threads.
CAUTION : The tie bolt must not turn and the torque wrench must not trigger during the

es d b
tightening procedure.

rlin e
Tighten the other nuts using the same procedure in a criss-cross pattern.

Ai load
Torque check ta wn
Set the torque wrench to the minimum final torque as indicated in the applicable CMM.
La - Do

NOTE : The minimum final torque value depends on the anti-seize compound applied on the
assembly. Always refer to the applicable CMM.
m

Apply the minimum final torque to the nuts in a clockwise pattern.

e ial

CAUTION : The nuts must not turn and the torque wrench must trigger during the torque
us nt

check.
of
e ide
nf

60 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ANGLE TIGHTENING METHODS – MANUAL TIGHTENING

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Failure modes and corrective actions

itio T rte
When applying the angle tightening, the torque wrench has triggered (maximum final torque value set) before the

nd and A
end of tightening :
-

Co AN avid
Loosen, remove and discard the concerned assembly,

- L y: D
NOTE : Ensure that the tie bolt hole and the interface area with the washers assembly are not damaged.
Reperform the installation and tightening processes with a new assembly.

es d b
When applying the torque check, the torque wrench has not triggered (minimum final torque value set) at the end

rlin e
of the tightening :

Ai load
Loosen and remove the concerned assembly
ta wn
Clean and inspect it
La - Do

Reperform the installation and tightening processes for this assembly.

m
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

61 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ANGLE TIGHTENING METHODS – AUTOMATIC ANGLE TIGHTENING,

M a on
SINGLE SPINDLE

ns AM ag
er
Preliminary torque

itio T rte
nd and A
Set or select the preliminary torque value as indicated in the applicable CMM
-

Co AN avid
Apply the appropriate torque value to the nuts in a criss-cross pattern.
Final angle tightening

- L y: D
Set or select the angle value as indicated in the applicable CMM,

es d b
Apply the appropriate torque value to the nuts in a criss-cross pattern,

rlin e
NOTE : Record the torque values applied during the angle tightening.

Ai load
Torque check
ta wn
Set or select the final torque value as indicated in the CMM,
La - Do

NOTE : The minimum final torque value depends on the anti-seize compound applied on
m

the assembly. Always refer to the applicable CMM.

Apply the minimum final torque to the nuts in a clockwise pattern
e ial
us nt

CAUTION : The nuts must not turn and the automated wrenching machine must
of
e ide

trigger during the torque check.

nf

62 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ge 06
ANGLE TIGHTENING METHODS – AUTOMATIC ANGLE TIGHTENING,

M a on
SINGLE SPINDLE

ns AM ag
er
Failure mode and corrective actions

itio T rte
When applying the angle tightening, the maximum final torque value given in the applicable CMM has been

nd and A
exceeded :
-

Co AN avid
Loosen, remove and discard the concerned assembly,

- L y: D
NOTE : Ensure that the tie bolt hole and the interface area with the washers assembly are not damaged.
Reperform the installation and tightening processes with a new assembly.

es d b
When applying the torque check, the automated wrenching machine has not triggered (minimum final torque

rlin e
value set) :

Ai load
Loosen and remove the concerned assembly
ta wn
Clean and inspect it
La - Do

Reperform the installation and tightening processes for this assembly.

m
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

63 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ANGLE TIGHTENING METHODS – AUTOMATIC ANGLE TIGHTENING,

M a on
DUAL SPINDLE

ns AM ag
er
Preliminary torque

itio T rte
Set or select the preliminary torque value as indicated in the applicable CMM

nd and A
-

Co AN avid
Apply the appropriate torque value to the nuts :
NOTE : Ensure that the two set of tie bolts tightened form an angle of 90° to each other.

- L y: D
12 o’clock/6 o’clock position first,
3 o’clock/9 o’clock position then.

es d b
Apply the preliminary torque to the remaining pairs of nuts in a clockwise

rlin e
Ai load
pattern.
Final angle tightening
ta wn
Set or select the applicable angle value as indicated in the applicable CMM and
La - Do

apply it to the nuts pairs in a clockwise pattern

m

NOTE : Record the torque values applied during the angle tightening.
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

64 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ANGLE TIGHTENING METHODS – AUTOMATIC ANGLE TIGHTENING,

M a on
DUAL SPINDLE

ns AM ag
er
Torque check

itio T rte
Set or select the final torque value as indicated in the CMM,

nd and A
-

Co AN avid
NOTE : The minimum final torque value depends on the anti-seize
compound applied on the assembly. Always refer to the applicable
CMM.

- L y: D
Apply the minimum final torque to the nuts in a clockwise pattern

es d b
CAUTION : The nuts must not turn and the automated wrenching
machine must trigger during the torque check.

rlin e
Ai load
ta wn
La - Do
m
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

65 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ge 06
ANGLE TIGHTENING METHODS – AUTOMATIC ANGLE TIGHTENING,

M a on
DUAL SPINDLE

ns AM ag
er
Failure modes and corrective actions

itio T rte
When applying the angle tightening, the torque value applied is lower than the minimum final torque value :

nd and A
-

Co AN avid
Loosen and remove the concerned tie bolt with the opposite assembly at 180°,
Clean and inspect them,

- L y: D
Reperform the installation and tightening processes for these assemblies.

es d b
When applying the torque check, the the automated wrenching machine has not triggered (minimum final
torque value set) :

rlin e
Ai load
Loosen, remove and discard the concerned assembly,
NOTE : Ensure that the tie bolt hole and the interface area with the washers assembly are not damaged.
ta wn
Replace it by a new assembly,
La - Do

Loosen and remove the opposite tie bolt at 180°, clean and inspect it,
m

Reperform the installation and tightening processes for these assemblies

e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

66 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ge 06
M a on
ns AM ag
er
itio T rte
nd and A
-

Co AN avid
- L y: D
es d b
rlin e
Ai load
ta wn

EXAMPLES
La - Do
m
e ial

OF TIE BOLT DAMAGES

us nt
of
e ide
nf

67 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ge 06
EXAMPLES OF TIE BOLT DAMAGES – INTRODUCTION

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Introduction

itio T rte
Tie bolt damages may appear during and/or after improper maintenance processes

nd and A
-

Co AN avid
Origins of damages are more likely due to :
Over-torquing,

- L y: D
Under-torquing,

es d b
Improper lubrication,
Corrosion,

rlin e
Ai load
Improper thread engagements,
Overheating,
ta wn
Mishandling.
La - Do

This chapter presents the most common types of damages that can be encountered.
m
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

68 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ge 06
EXAMPLES OF TIE BOLT DAMAGES

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Tie bolt thread damages :

itio T rte
Damage report :

nd and A
-

Co AN avid
Damage to the tie bolt thread
Root cause :

- L y: D
Mishandling during maintenance operation
(such as cleaning, disassembly, etc…)

es d b
Recommendation :

rlin e
Ai load
Properly set and store tie bolt during
maintenance operation ta wn
Favour the use of storage racks for :
 Cleaning operations
La - Do
m

 Assembly / Disassembly operations

 Storage operations
e ial

 
us nt
of
e ide
nf

69 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ge 06
EXAMPLES OF TIE BOLT DAMAGES

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Tie bolt thread distortion :

itio T rte
Damage report :

nd and A
-

Co AN avid
Tie bolt thread damage and elongation
Root cause :

- L y: D
Over-torquing

es d b
Recommendation :
Ensure to apply the correct preliminary and

rlin e
Ai load
final torque / angle tightening value given in
the applicable CMM in accordance with the
lubricant applied.
ta wn
La - Do
m
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

70 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ge 06
EXAMPLES OF TIE BOLT DAMAGES

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Tie bolt cadium coating burned :

itio T rte
Damage report :

nd and A
-

Co AN avid
Cadium coating burn-out
Root cause :

- L y: D
Overheating
(high energy Rejected Take-Off, RTO)

es d b
Recommendation :

rlin e
Ai load
At each removal, inspect correctly the tie bolt specifically at
the thread and under the head of the tie bolt areas,
ta wn
Ensure that the tie bolt perform a NDT inspection at each
intervall defined in the applicable CMM.
La - Do

NOTE : For more information about NDT processes and

m

purposes, please refer to Safran Landing Systems

ISE – Detection of defects Rev. 00
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

71 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ge 06
EXAMPLES OF TIE BOLT DAMAGES

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Tie bolt corroded :

itio T rte
Damage report :

nd and A
-
Tie bolt is found corroded

Co AN avid
Root cause :

- L y: D
Damage of the cadium coating due to environmental factors or cleaning
operations

es d b
Recommendation :

rlin e
At each removal, inspect correctly the tie bolt specifically at the thread and

Ai load
under the head of the tie bolt areas,
Ensure that the tie bolt perform a NDT inspection at each intervall defined in
ta wn
the applicable CMM,
La - Do

NOTE : For more information about NDT processes and purposes, please refer to
m

Safran Landing Systems ISE – Detection of defects Rev. 00

e ial

Ensure to use the appropriate products and ingredients specified in the

applicable CMM and SPM 32-09-01 for the cleaning and assembly operation,
us nt
of
e ide

Ensure to protect properly the parts during storage in shop.

nf

72 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ge 06
EXAMPLES OF TIE BOLT DAMAGES

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Tie bolt fractured :

itio T rte
Damage report :

nd and A
-
Tie bolt is found broken.

Co AN avid
Root cause :

- L y: D
Over-torquing
Under-torquing of the adjacent tie bolt

es d b
improper or insufficient lubrication

rlin e
Ai load
ta wn
La - Do
m
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

73 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ge 06
EXAMPLES OF TIE BOLT DAMAGES

M a on
ns AM ag
er
Tie bolt fractured (cont’d) :

itio T rte
Recommendation :

nd and A
At each removal, inspect correctly the tie bolt specifically at the thread and under the head of the tie bolt areas,
-

Co AN avid
 Ensure that the tie bolt perform a NDT inspection at each intervall defined in the applicable CMM,
NOTE : For more information about NDT processes and purposes, please refer to Safran Landing Systems ISE – Detection of defects

- L y: D
Rev. 00
Ensure to properly lubricate the tie bolt as shown in this ISE, and in the SPM 32-09-01 Section No, 74 and as per the

es d b
applicable CMM,

rlin e
Ensure to apply the correct preliminary and final torque / angle tightening values specified in the applicable CMM.

Ai load
ta wn
La - Do
m
e ial
us nt
of
e ide
nf

74 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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ge 06
M a on
ns AM ag
er
itio T rte
nd and A
-

Co AN avid
- L y: D
es d b
rlin e
Ai load
ta wn

FREQUENTLY
La - Do
m
e ial

ASKED QUESTIONS
us nt
of
e ide
nf

75 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

M a on
What type of NDT processes can I use in order to control the tie bolt?

ns AM ag
er
It depends on the material of the tie bolt :

itio T rte
Tie bolt made of steel alloys :

nd and A
 Magnetic Particles Inspection (MPI), refer to the SPM 32-09-01, Section No. 42
-

Co AN avid
 Fluorescent Particles Inspection (FPI), refer to the SPM 32-09-01, Section No. 38
 Eddy current inspection (ET), refer to the SPM 32-09-01, Section No. 41

- L y: D
 Ultrasonic inspection (UT), refer to the SPM 32-09-01, Section No. 40A

es d b
Tie bolt made of inconel :
 Fluorescent Particles Inspection (FPI), refer to the SPM 32-09-01, Section No. 38

rlin e
Ai load
 Eddy current inspection (ET), refer to the SPM 32-09-01, Section No. 41
 Ultrasonic inspection (UT), refer to the SPM 32-09-01, Section No. 40A
ta wn
Tie bolt made of nickel-cobalt :
La - Do

 Fluorescent Particles Inspection (FPI), refer to the SPM 32-09-01, Section No. 38
m

 Eddy current inspection (ET), refer to the SPM 32-09-01, Section No. 41
e ial

 Ultrasonic inspection (UT), refer to the SPM 32-09-01, Section No. 40A
us nt

NOTE : Safran Landing Systems advises to take a look at the ISE – Detection of defects Rev. 00 for more information
of
e ide

about NDT processes and purposes.

nf

76 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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M a on
ns AM ag
er
itio T rte
nd and A
-

Co AN avid
- L y: D
es d b
rlin e
Ai load
ta wn
La - Do
m
e ial

BIBLIOGRAPHY
us nt
of
e ide
nf

77 Safran Landing Systems / ISE – Golden rules for Tightening / CS-W&B / July 2023, Rev 05
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 er 2
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Other In-Service Experience

M a on
from Safran Landing Systems
ISE dedicaced to a specific

ns AM ag
program (A320, 737, etc.),

er
itio T rte
nd and A
-

Co AN avid
- L y: D
es d b
Safran Landing Systems’

rlin e
website

Ai load
www.safrangroup.com
ta wn
www.safran-landing-
systems.com
La - Do
m

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